Обобщенная схема перевода времен группы Continuous

 

 

 

 

Обобщенная таблица спряжений глаголов группы времен Perfect

Время	Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма
Present	I have He She has worked. It We You have They	Have I he Has she worked? it we Have you they	I have He She has not worked. It We You have They
Past	I He had worked She It We You They	I he worked? Had she it we you they	I He had not worked. She It We You They
Future	I shall He will She have worked. It We shall will You They	Shall I he have worked? she Will it we you they	I shall will He not have worked. She It We shall will You They

 

 

Обобщенная схема перевода времен группы Perfect

 

 

Обобщенная таблица времен страдательного залога

Время	Simple (Indefinite)	Continuous	Perfect
Present	I am He She is asked. It We You are They спрашивают вообще, всегда	I am He She is being asked? It We You are being They спрашивают сейчас	I have He She has been asked. It We You have They уже спросили
Past	I was He She asked. It We were You They спросили когда-то	I was He She being asked. It We were You They спрашивали в тот момент	I He had been asked. She It We You They до того момента уже спросили
Future	I shall He will She have worked. It We shall will You They спросили когда-то	Shall I he have worked? she Will it we you they	I shall will He not have worked. She It We shall will You They
Время	Simple (Indefinite)	Continuous	Perfect
Future	shall I We He be asked. will She It You They спросят когда-нибудь	—	shall I We have been asked. He She will It You They спросят к тому времени в будущем
Future-in-the-Past	should I be asked. We He would She It You They спросят когда-нибудь	—	should I We have been asked. He She would It You They спросят к тому времени в будущем

 

 

Модальные глаголы can, may, must и их эквиваленты

Модальные глаголы и их значения	Эквиваленты модальных глаголов	Present	Past	Future
Can Способность или возможность совершения действия	be able to мочь, быть в состоянии	can am able to is are	Could able to was were	be able to shall will
Must долженствование	have to приходится, должен be to должен should следует	must have to (has to)   am (is, are) to	had to     was (were) to	shall (will) have to
May Разрешение или возможность (вероятность)	be allowed to иметь разрешение	may allowed to am is are	might allowed to was were	shall (will) be allowed to

Неличные формы глагола (The Verbals)

 

 

Причастие (The Participle)

Причастие (The Participle)

Общая характеристика причастий

Причастие — это неличная форма глагола, которая объединяет в себе свойства глагола, прилагательного и наречия.

Формы причастия

Непереходные глаголы	Переходные глаголы
Active Voice	Active Voice	Passice Voice
doing	asking	being asked
done		asked
having done	having asked	having been asked

Значение причастий

1. Present Participle (Active and Passive) означает действие, одновременное с действием глагола в личной форме	Being left alone he decided to read a book. — Оставшись один, он решил почитать книгу.
2. Perfect Participle (Active and Passive) означает действие, которое предшествует действию глагола в личной форме	Having slept she felt rested. — Поспав, она почувствовала, что отдохнула.
3. Perfect Participle Passive означает действие, которое производят над собой или предметом	Having been shown the right way he was in time. — Ему правильно показали дорогу, и он был вовремя.
4. Past Participle переходных глаголов является пассивным деепричастием и означает оконченное действие, которое выполнено над каким-то объектом	Broken — сломан, painted — покрашен, forgotten — забыт

Функции причастия в предложении

Present и Past Participle выполняют в предложении функции: 1. Определения	The sleeping puppy didn’t hear when we came home.
2. Части сказуемого	The article is translated. The student has translated the article. The student is reading an article.
3. Обстоятельства: а) времени б) способа действия в) обстоятельства причины	а) While crossing the road be careful. б) Talking the girls came into the garden. в) Being well-prepared I passed the exams.