Heli-specific advance menu functions

5.3.1 THR-CURVE and PIT-CURVE:

These 7-point curves are utilized to best match the blade collective pitch to the engine RPM for consistent load on the engine. Curves are separately adjustable for normal, idle-up 1, idle-up 2, and idle-up 3. In addition, a separate collective pitch curve is available for throttle hold. Sample curves are displayed in the appropriate setup types (ex: normal flight condition) for clarity.

Suggested defaults:

• Normal: Collective pitch curve that results in points 1, 4 and 7 providing.4, +5, (+8 to +10)* degrees pitch. A throttle curve setting of 0, 25, 36, 50, 62.5, 75, 100%.

• Idle-ups 1 & 2: Idle-ups 1 and 2 are typically the same except for the gyro settings, with one being heading-hold/AVCS and the other being normal mode. The pitch curve will likely be similar to the normal curve above.

• Idle-up 3: Collective pitch curve that results in points 1, 4 and 7 providing (.8 to.10), 0, (+8 to +10) degrees. A throttle curve of 100, 75, 62.5, 50, 62.5, 75, 100 provide full throttle for inverted maneuvers.

• Throttle Hold pitch curve: Start with the normal pitch curve (for inverted autos, start from the idle-up 3 pitch curve), but increase the last point approximately 1-2Ўг, if available, to ensure sufficient pitch at landing.

This default recommendation assumes you are doing forward flight. If you are just learning, please follow your instructor's guidance. Some instructors like a +1 base point for training so that the helicopter comes down very slowly, even if your instincts pull the throttle/collective stick to the bottom in a hurry.

ADJUSTABILITY:

• Normal condition curves are editable in the BASIC menu for convenience.

• All curves may be adjusted in the ADVANCE menu.

• Automatically selected with the proper condition.

• The idle-up curves are programmed to maintain constant RPM even when the collective pitch is reduced during flight (including inverted).

• To change which conditionЎЇs curve is being edited, cursor up to <COND> and change the curve named.

• For clarity, the name of the condition currently active (switched on in the radio) is shown in parentheses behind name of condition whose curve is being edited. (Example: see curve displays below. Note that the normal condition is active but the idle-up 1 conditionЎЇs curves are currently being edited.

• Moving and deleting the curve point: The curve point (-stk-) can be moved to the left or right by turning the DIAL (up to 2% in front of the adjoining point) and deleted/returned by pressing the DIAL for one second alternately.

• Idle-ups and throttle hold pitch curves may be edited even before the conditions have been made active. Activating their throttle curves activates these conditions.

5.3.2 REVO MIX:

This 5-point curve mix adds opposite rudder input to counteract the changes in torque when the speed and collective pitch of the blades is changed.

ADJUSTABILITY:

• Three separate curves available: normal for hovering; idle-ups 1 and 2 combined; and idle-3.

• Normal condition curves are editable in the BASIC menu for convenience.

• All curves may be adjusted in the ADVANCE menu.

• Correct mix is automatically selected in-flight with each condition and automatically activated when the throttle setup for that condition is activated in the programming (i.e. THROTTLE HOLD or THR-CURVE.)

• To change which conditionЎЇs curve is being edited, cursor up above POINT5 and select. For clarity, the name of the condition currently active (switched on at the radio) is shown in parentheses behind the name of the condition whose curve is being edited.

Revo. Mixing rates are 5-point curves. For a clockwise-turning rotor, the rudder is mixed in the clockwise direction when collective pitch is increased; for counterclockwise-turning, the opposite. Change the operating direction setting by changing the signs of the numbers in the curve from plus (+) to minus (-) and vice versa.

Suggested defaults:

Clockwise rotation: -20, -10, 0, +10, +20% from low throttle to high.

Counterclockwise rotation: +20, +10, 0, -10, -20% from low throttle to high.

Adjust to the actual values that work best for your model.

Revo. Curves for idle-ups are often v-shaped to provide proper rudder input with negative pitch and increased throttle during inverted flight.(Rudder is needed to counter the reaction whenever there is increased torque. In inverted flight, throttle stick below half has increased throttle and negative pitch, therefore increasing torque and rotating the helicopter unless the revo. Mix is also increasing appropriately.)

 

Note: The throttle and pitch curves for the normal condition is always on. They cannot be inhibited. The other four conditions are activated with their throttle curves or throttle hold.

• THR-CURV/NOR: inputs the normal (NORM) throttle curve, which is usually not a linear response to THROTTLE STICK motion. Adjusting point 4 of the curve adjusts the engine's RPM at the THROTTLE STICK midpoint, the desired position for hovering. The other 6 points are then adjusted to create the desired idle and maximum engine speed, and a smooth transition in-between.

• PIT-CURV/NOR: inputs the normal (NORM) collective pitch curve, the collective pitch curve for flight near hover. The normal collective pitch curve is adjusted to match the throttle curve, providing the best vertical performance at a constant engine speed, with a starting curve of 4 base, +5 neutral, and +8 to +10 degrees of blade pitch maximum. You can program the response over a 7-point curve for the best collective pitch angle relative to THROTTLE STICK movement.

• REVO./NORM: mixes collective pitch commands to the rudder (a PITCH-RUDDER mix) to suppress the torque generated by changes in the main rotor's collective pitch angle, keeping the model from yawing when throttle is applied.

 

Note: There are three revo, mixes available: normal (NORM), idle-up 1/2 (IDL1/2), and idle-up 3 (IDL3). All 3 are adjustable in the ADVANCE menu. Never use revo mixing in conjunction with heading-hold/AVCS gyros. For details on revo, including default points for clockwise and counterclockwise rotating rotors.

 

Goals	Steps	Inputs
Set up Normal Flight Condition Throttle/Collective Pitch Curves and Revo. Base point: Adjust base point of throttle curve until engine idles reliably on ground. Adjust base point of collective pitch curve to achieve -4 degrees of blade pitch. Apply throttle until the model sits Ў®lightЎЇ on its skids. Adjust base point of REVO. until model does not rotate its nose at all.	Open the THR-CURVE, Adjust the first point.(5%)	for 1s to BASIC.(If ADVANCE again). to THR-CURVE Ј to point 1 Ј to 5%Ј ЎЈ
Open the PIT-CURVE, Adjust the first point.(8%)	to PIT-CURVE Ј to point 1 Ј to 8%Ј
Open the REVO.MIX Adjust the first point.(4%)	to REVO.MIX Ј to MIX Ј to ON. to point 1 Ј to 4%Ј ЎЈ
Hover point: Adjust collective pitch curve to +5 degrees. Ease heli into a hover.Land/shut engine off.Adjustthrottle curves and rudder trim. Repeat until model hovers smoothly at half throttle.Rapidly apply throttle from 1/4 to 1/2 stick. Adjust REVO. points 2 and 3 until the model does not rotate its nose up on throttle application.	Adjust THR-CURV/NOR	Repeat above as needed
Adjust PIT-CURV/NOR	Repeat above as needed
Adjust REVO.MIX	Repeat above as needed
High point: Adjust collective pitch curve to +8 to +10 degrees. From hover, throttle up rapidly. If engine bogs, increase the throttle curve. If engine over-revs, increase the collective pitch curve at points 6 or 7. Apply full throttle while hovering, then descend back to hover. Adjust REVO. until the nose does not change heading.	Adjust THR-CURV/NOR	Repeat above as needed
Adjust PIT-CURV/NOR	Repeat above as needed
Adjust REVO.MIX	Repeat above as needed

 

GYRO SENSE

About GYRO SENSE, please refer to 3.3.12, by following steps:

 

Goals	Steps	Inputs
Set up heading- hold /AVCS gyro with heading-hold/AVCS setting in idle-ups 1 and 2 and normal mode setting in idle- up3 and normal.	Open and activate the GYRO SENSE function.	for 1s to BASIC.(If ADVANCE again). to GYRO-SENSE
Activate the function.	to MIX Ј to ACT.
Optional: Change gyro types to Heading- hold ( GY ).	to MODE Ј to GY
Optional: Changes switch assignment. Ex: select Cond.	to SW Ј to Cond
Adjust gyro rates as needed. (Ex: NORM, IDL3 to NOR 50%. IDL1 and 2 to AVC 50% as starting points.)	to NORM, Ј to NOR 50% to IDL1 Ј to AVC 50% Repeat.
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THROTTLE HOLD

This function holds the engine in the idling position and disengages it from the THROTTLE STICK when SWITCH AT9 is moved. It is commonly used to practice auto-rotation. Prior to setting up THR-HOLD, hook up the throttle linkage so that the carburetor is opened fully at high throttle, then use the digital trim to adjust the engine idle position. To have THR- HOLD maintain idle, move the THROTTLE STICK to the idle position, then move the hold SWITCH on and off and keep changing the offset value until the servo does not move. To lower the engine idle speed, or if you want to shut off, input a more negative number.

ADJUSTABILITY:

• Idling position: Range of -50% to +50% centered about the throttle idle position to get the desired engine RPM.

• Switch assignment: Assigned to SWITCH E(AT10) or G (AT10) down. Adjustable in the CONDITION (THR-HOLD item), (2-position type switch only)

• Throttle curve: Since the throttle is moved to a single preset position, no curve is available for THR-HOLD.

• Collective pitch curve: Independent curve, typically adjusted to create a blade pitch range of -4% to +10% to +12%, is automatically activated with THRHOLD.

• Revo. mix: Since revo. mix adjusts for torque from the engine, no revo. mix is available for THR-HOLD.

• Priority: The throttle hold function has priority over idle-up. Be sure that the throttle hold and idle-up SWITCHES are in the desired positions before trying to start the engine. (We recommend starting your engine in throttle hold for safety reasons.)

• Gyro: Gyro programming includes an option to have a separate gyro setting for each condition, including THR-HOLD. This avoids the potential problem of the user being in the wrong gyro setting when going to THR-HOLD, resulting in an improper rudder offset and the model pirouetting.

 

Goals	Steps	Inputs
Set up throttle hold.   Determine desired throttle position by idling engine, turn on THR-HOLD, and adjust percentage as required to reach the desired running point.	Open THR-HOLD function.	for 1s to BASIC.(If ADVANCE again) to THR-HOLD
Activate the function.	to MIX Ј to OFF
Set desired engine position.	to POSI Ј to desired percent
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5.3.5 HOVERING ADJUSTMENTS (HOV-THR and HOV-PIT):

Hovering throttle and hovering pitch are fine-turning adjustments for the throttle and collective pitch curves individually, affecting performance only around the center point and only in the normal condition. They allow in-flight tweaking of the curves for ideal setup.

ADJUSTABILITY:

• Rotor speed changes caused by temp., humidity, altitude or other changes in flying conditions are easily accommodated.

• Both adjustments may be inhibited if not desired.

• Both adjustments may also be set to NULL, temporarily turning off the knob but maintaining the last memorized setting.

• Adjustments may be memorized and then the knobs returned to center point to use that amount of adjustment, allows easy use of the trimming knobs for multiple models. (Note that when memorization is repeated with the knob offset from center, the trim value accumulates.)

• Adjustments are quickly reset to the initial value by turning the dial until the trim reads 0%, memorizing, then returning the knob to its center position.

• Note that all functions, including these, assume the model hovers at half stick.

•Available in normal (NORM) or normal/ idle-up1 (NORM/IDL1) condition only.

 

Goals	Steps	Inputs
Fine-tune hovering with the hovering adjustments. Remember these affect only the hovering (normal) condition.   Adjust throttle and collective pitch curves until model hovers nicely. In flight,adjust collective pitch and throttle curves near hover point independently with HOV-THR and HOV-PIT knobs.     Store new settings after flight.	Open the HOV-THR function	to BASIC. again to ADVANCE, to HOV-THR.
Optional: change which knob adjust seach hovering curve. NULL locks in curve in last stored position.	to VR Ј to desired knob and direction
Close
Open the HOV-PIT function.	to HOV-PIT. Repeat.
Close

5.3.6 HIGH/LOW PITCH (HI/LO-PIT):

This function may be used to adjust the curves high and low side individually for each flight condition (normal, idle-up 1, idle-up 2, idle-up 3, throttle hold).

 

ADJUSTABILITY:

• You may define high and low side rate trim knobs (the high side pitch trim control is defined as the right side lever at initial setting).

• The conditions are activated in the CONDITION SELECT function.

• Both adjustments may be set to MANUAL, temporarily turning off the knob.

• Adjustments may be memorized and then return the knobs to center point to use that amount of adjustment, allows easy use of the trimming knobs for multiple models.

 

Goals	Steps	Inputs
Set up a high pitch curve in the idle-up 1condition.	Open the HI/LO-PIT	to BASIC menu, again to ADVANCE menu. to HI/LO-PIT.
Select the idle-up 1 condition	to COND Ј to IDL1
Set the rate(Ex:80%)	to HI-PIT Ј to 80%
OptionalЈєChange which knob adjusts high pitch curve.	to VR Ј to desired knob and direction.
Close

 

OFFSET

Optional separate trims in addition to those for the normal condition. This function is used to automatically change the trim of a helicopter, for example, when transitioned from hover to flying at high speed. A clockwise-rotation rotor helicopter tends to drift to the right at high speed, so an aileron offset may be applied to offset the helicopter to the left.

The necessary elevator offset varies with model geometry, so it must be determined by noting collective pitch changes at high speed. The rudder offset is affected by both revo. mixing and trim lever movement while in the offset function.

ADJUSTABILITY:

• Complete switch assign ability, plus a CONDITION option that creates/ switches between individual trims for each of the idle-ups.

• When OFFSET is active (its switch is on), moving the TRIM LEVERS adjust the stored offset, not the trims in the normal condition.

•When OFFSET is inactive (its switch is off), the OFFSET and any trim adjustments to it have no effect (model obeys the trim settings of the currently-active flight condition.)

• When OFFSET is inhibited, trim adjustments made in any flight condition affect all flight conditions.

• Rapid jumps caused by large offsets can be slowed using the DELAY function.

• During OFFSET operation, the aileron, elevator, and rudder travels are displayed on each trim display in the Startup screen.

 

Note: Remember, offsets and revo mixes are not recommended when using heading-hold/AVCS gyros because they conflict with the automatic corrections to trim and torque that AVCS provides.

 

Goals	Steps	Inputs
Set up separate trims for each of the three idle-up conditions.   Adjust the idle-up 2 rudder trim to correct for torque at high speeds.	Open the OFFSET function.	to BASIC menu, againto ADVANCE menu to OFFSET.
Activate the function.	to MIX Ј to ON.
Change switch setting to Cond.	to SW Ј to CondЈ
Select IDL2.	to NO. Ј to IDL2,
Adjust trim settings as needed. (Ex:rudder to +8%.)	to RUDD Ј to +8%Ј
Close menus and confirm slowed transitions.	E (AT9) from NORMALto IDL2.Check the changes of rudder trim.

 

5.3.8 DELAY:

The Delay function provides a smooth transition between the trim positions whenever OFFSET, REVO, MIXING, or THROTTLE HOLD functions are turned on and off.

 

 

ADJUSTABILITY:

• Separate delay times are available for aileron, elevator, rudder, throttle, and pitch.

• With a 50% delay setting, the servo takes about a half-second to move to its new position, quite a long time.

• In general, delays of approximately 10-15% are sufficient.

 

Goals	Steps	Inputs
Set up a delay on all channels to ease the transition from one flight condition to another so there are no Ў®hard jumpsЎЇ.	Open the DELAY function.	to BASIC menu, again to ADVANCE to DELAY
Adjust AILE response as needed. (Ex: aileron to +8%.)	to RATE-AILE Ј to 8%,
Repeat for other channels.	to ELEV. Repeat steps above.
Close menus and confirm slowed transitions.	E(AT9) from NORMALto IDL2.Check that the servos move gradually to new positions.

 

5.3.9 GOVERNORS:

The Governor mixing function is used to adjust the Governor speed settings (rS1, rS2, rS3) from the transmitter.

What is a governor? A governor is made up of a set of sensors which read the RPM of the helicopterЎЇs head, and a control unit that automatically adjusts the throttle setting to maintain a constant head speed regardless of changes in pitch of blades, weather conditions, etc. Governors are extremely popular in competition helicopters due to the consistency provided.

How does it help in helicopter setup? The governor eliminates the need to spend large amounts of time setting up throttle curves, as it automatically adjusts the engineЎЇs RPM to maintain the desired head speed.

ADJUSTABILITY:

• On/off may be separate from speed switching by plugging governor on/off into CH8 and changing CUT-CH setting.

• If using separate on/off, switch assignment is totally adjustable. Be careful not assign governor off to a condition switch if you want the governor to function in that condition.

• Speed switching and governor ON/OFF may be together using one switch or ON/OFF switching may be performed using an independent switch/channel.

• When speed setting control uses CH7 and separate ON/OFF switch is not used, CH8 can be used for other functions.

• In-flight adjustment of the head speed (for easy adjustment during turning) may be created using an additional channel and a programmable mix.

The GV-1 controls throttle when it is active, so the throttle will not obey any FailSafe settings preset for throttle in the transmitter. Always set the FailSafe setting for the GV-1's on/off channel to OFF. This way the governor is shut off and the throttle obeys the FailSafe throttle commands.

 

Goals	Steps	Inputs
Set up a governor to use both channels into the receiver and switch between the governor settings automatically when changing conditions. Consider setting the battery Fail Safe settings and other helpful functions on the governor itself.	Open and activate the GOVERNOR Function.	to BASIC menu, again to ADVANCE to GOVERNOR
Activate the function.	to MIX Ј to ACT.
Optional: change cut-off channel to channel 8 and assign switch and direction for on/off (channel 8).	to -cut- CH: Ј to+CH8Ј to -cut-SW Ј to desired SW
Optional: Changes switch assignment to select governor settings. Ex: select switch that selects the conditions.	to SW Ј to CondЈ
Adjust governor speed settings per switch position or condition as needed. (Ex: defaults are fine.) Allows head speed adjustment from transmitter.	to each Cond position or as needed. to next CondЈrepeat.
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5.3.10 Throttle Mixing (THROTTLE MIX):

 

This function can be set for each flight condition, and is used to correct the tendency of the model to change altitude when the rotor is tilted by aileron, elevator, and rudder controls.

ADJUSTABILITY:

• Mixing may be set from 0 to 100% each flight condition.

 

Goals	Steps	Inputs
Correct the tendency of the model to change altitude.	Open THRO- MIX function.	to BASIC menu, again to ADVANCE to THRO-MIX
Activate the function.	to MIX Ј to ON
Adjust the rate. Ex: IDL1 (AIL to TH) 10%	to IDL1 (AILЎъTH) Ј to 10%,
Repeat as needed.
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SWASH-RING

 

This function is to limit movement of swash plate to avoid damage to the SWASH ROB during operation aileron and ELEVATOR. It is affected in 3D flight. Movement of AILERON and ELEV is limited in the circle.

ADJUSTABILITY:

• Initial: 100%

• adjusting range: 0-200%

Goals	Steps	Inputs
To prevent damaging the swash linkage by simultaneous operation of the ailerons and elevators, set the limit point where swash throw stops. ЈЄAdjust the rate at the maximum swash tilt by simultaneous operation of the ailerons and elevators.	Open SWASH-RING function.	to BASIC menu, again to ADVANCE to SWASH-RING
Activate the function.	to MIX Ј to ACT
Adjust the rate Ex: 90%	to RATE Ј to 90%Ј
Close