When was the first CPU introduced?

 

Out of what material are computer chips made?

Plastic

Silicon

Metal

 

The width of the smallest wire on a computer chip is typically measured in:

Millimeters

Microns

Nanometers

 

Which of the following is not part of a computer chip's job?

Performing mathematical operations

Moving data from one memory location to another

Starting up the computer

 

To what do buses and lines connect in a computer chip?

ROM

RAM

ROM and RAM

 

What does ROM stand for?

Read-only memory

Random-only memory

Read-on memory

 

On a PC, what do the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) instructions do?

Load the operating system

Open latches

Test hardware in the machine

 

Computer chip designers create language instructions that the microprocessor reads. What part of the computer can translate the words from the instructions into bit patterns the chip can understand?

The assembler

The program counter

The ALU

 

About how much address space can a 64-bit microprocessor access?

4 GB

1,000 GB

One billion GB

Unit 1

Topic: Job opportunities

 

 

I Reading skills

Read and remember the following words and word combinations used in their specialized meanings.

implementation	- здійснення, виконання
to support	- підтримувати; сприяти
to deal with	- вести справу; розглядати питання
to encompass	- охоплювати
to disseminate information	- розповсюджувати інформацію
foundations of information and computation	- основи інформатики та обчислення
artificial language	- штучна мова, прикладна мова
to invoke	- сприяти
to generate proof of concept	- спричиняти випробування ідеї
source code	- первісна (початкова) програма
to retrieve information	- вишукувати інформацію

 

Read and translate the following text into Ukrainian

Information technology

Information technology (IT), as defined by the Information Technology Association, is "the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based, information systems particularly software applications and computer hardware." IT deals with the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit, and securely retrieve information.

Today, the term information technology has ballooned to encompass many aspects of computing and technology, and the term has become very recognizable. IT professionals perform a variety of duties that range from installing applications to designing complex computer networks and information data bases. A few of the duties that IT professionals perform may be included: data management, networking, engineering, computer hardware, database and software design, as well as the management and administration of entire systems.

When computer and communications technologies are combined, the result is information technology, or "infotech". Information technology is a general term that describes any technology that helps to produce, manipulate, store, communicate, and/or disseminate information. Presumably, when speaking of Information Technology (IT) as a whole, it is noted that the use of computers and information are associated.

Computing is usually defined as the activity of using and developing computer technology, computer hardware and software. It is the computer-specific part of information technology. Computer science (or computing science) is the study and the science of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems. Computer programming in general is the process of writing, testing, debugging, and maintaining the source code and documentation of computer programs. This source code is written in a programming language, which is an artificial language, restrictive, demanding, and unforgiving to humans but easily translated by the computer. The purpose of programming is to invoke the desired behavior (customization) from the machine. The process of writing high quality source code requires knowledge of both the application's domain and the computer science domain. The highest quality software is thus developed by a team of various domain experts, each person a specialist in some area of development. But the term programmer may apply to a range of program quality, from hacker to open source contributor to professional. And a single programmer could do most or all of the computer programming needed to generate the proof of concept to launch a new “killer” application.

 

Find the answers to the questions.

1. What is IT?

2. What does it deal with?

3. Is it a profession of a great variety of duties? Approve it.

4. What is computing?

5. What does computer science study?

6. What is computer programming? What is its purpose?

7. Do you think you might like to become a computer programmer or some other professional?

8. In your opinion what kind of person makes a good programmer? Discuss specific characteristics and explain why they are important?

9. What should the person of this occupation know?

10. Should students taking a computer literacy course be required to learn some programming? Why?

 

Complete the sentences.

1. IT deals with the use of electronic computers and....

2...., and the term has become very recognizable.

3. … are combined, the result is information technology, or “infotech”

4. Computing is usually defined as the activity of....

5. The purpose of programming is....

6.... requires knowledge of both the application's domain and the computer science domain.