Text 2.The economy of Canada

Despite its small population, Canada is a great industrial nation, and manufacturing is the foremost sector of its economy. Canada is a main supplier to the USA of oil, gas, pulp and paper and electricity produced at its hydroelectric stations.

The leading industries are foods and beverages, primary metals (iron and steel), transportation equipment, paper, petroleum and coal products, wood products, textiles, clothing, machinery, nonmetallic minerals and furniture.

Canada leads the world in the output of asbestos, newsprint, nickel, and platinum, aluminum, cobalt, zinc, gold, silver, uranium, iron ore, copper, wheat, lead etc.

Nevertheless agriculture is of major importance to the economy as a whole and is basic to any areas. Three-fourths of the cultivated area is in the prairie region producing wheat, oats, sugar beet, soya-beans, tobacco, and potatoes.

Canada traditionally exports livestock products, producing more than the domestic market can absorb. Animal production (livestock, dairy products and eggs) now brings in more than half of total farm cash income.

 

Text 3.The Commonwealth of Australia

The Commonwealth of Australia is a self-governing federal state and a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. It is situated in the southwest of the Pacific Ocean, occupying the continent of Australia and a number of islands, of which Tasmania is the most important. Australia is a continent – island washed by the Indian Ocean and by the Pacific Ocean.

The Commonwealth of Australia, which has an area of 2,965,000 square miles, includes six states and two territories, 16 million people (1987) now live in Australia.

The federal capital of the country is Canberra.

The official language is English.

Australia’s climate is relatively warm and dry, with no extreme cold and little frost. There is comparatively little seasonal temperature change. Winds are light to moderate, except along the coast, where cyclones have occurred.

As Australia is situated in the south hemisphere, it has winter when we have summer and vice versa.

It is believed that Australia’s geological isolation has resulted in many species not found elsewhere. The best known peculiar animals and birds are kangaroo, duckbill, dingo or wild dog, koala bear emu eagles, parrots and cockatoos. The emu and kangaroo are represented on the national emblem of Australia. The best known native trees are the gum (eucalyptus) and wattle (acacia).

Australia’s greatest rivers are the Murray and the Darling, other rivers do not reach the sea but fall into Lake Eire in South Australia.

Australia is the flattest of the continents. The Australia Alps have several peaks exceeding 1800 m in height. The highest terrain is Mount Kosciusko 7,328 feet high.

Australia is an important producer and exporter of primary products. It leads the world in wool production and is significant supplier of grains, dairy products, meat, sugar and fruit. Australia is famous for its sheep and almost all of Australia’s wool has traditionally been exported.

Australia is among the major producers of minerals and metals. It is rich in black coal, bauxite, ores of iron, copper, nickel, lead, zinc, manganese, uranium and gold.

Most of the factories are situated near big cities. There are five big cities in Australia: Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth and Brisbane. These cities are also the country’s main ports.

Australia has an Academy of Sciences. It conducts research in science and technology. There are some educational and cultural institutions such as universities, museums, libraries, theatres.

Though an independent nation, Australia, like Canada, has close institutional links with Britain, and Queen Elizabeth II of England is also formally Queen of Australia.

The Queen is represented in Australia by the Governor-General and six State Governors.

The Commonwealth of Australia includes six states: New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania and two internal territories – the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory.

Australia has a Parliament. It has two chambers: the House of Representatives (the Lower House) and the Senate (the Upper House). The House of Representatives is the more important Chamber of the Australian Parliament. The Prime Minister is normally drawn from among its membership. The government of the country is headed by the Prime Minister. All State Parliaments, except Queensland’s, have also two chambers.

The State runs such areas as education, police, health services, agriculture, transport and roads.

 

Exercise 2. Translate the following words into Ukrainian and remember them:

The Great Barrier Reef______________________________________________

Island____________________________________________________________

Wild_____________________________________________________________

Riches___________________________________________________________

Industry__________________________________________________________

Oil______________________________________________________________

Gold_____________________________________________________________

Wheat____________________________________________________________

Sheep____________________________________________________________

Main road_________________________________________________________

 

Exercise 3. Answer the questions:

1.How many kinds of fish are there on the coast of Queensland?

_______________________________________________________________

2.What is the best known place in New South Wales?

_______________________________________________________________

3.Why is Australia sometimes called “the lucky country”?

_______________________________________________________________

4. What is the new gold of Western Australia?

_______________________________________________________________

5.How many states are there in the Commonwealth of Australia?

_______________________________________________________________

6.What climate does Australia have?

_______________________________________________________________

7.What is Australia rich in?

_______________________________________________________________

Exercise 4. Write right Ukrainian translation of English sentences:

1.Canada is a nation in North America composed of two linguistic and cultural groups: French and English. _________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

2. Canada is a self-governing federal state and a member of the commonwealth of Nations.

_________________________________________________________________

3. Canada as an independent nation has close institutional links with Britain.

_________________________________________________________________

4.Formaly the head of Canadian state is the King or Queen of England.

_________________________________________________________________

5.The Canadian Parliament is made up of the House of Commons and the Senate.

_________________________________________________________________

Exercise 5. Complete the sentences with words in the blanks. Write Ukrainian translation of sentences

1.Australian parliament has two ………………………………….: the House of Representatives and the Senate. (Parliament, Party, State)

_______________________________________________________________

2.The …………………………………. Of the country is headed by the prime Minister. (government, state, house)

_______________________________________________________________

3.The Commonwealth of Australia is a self-governing federal …………………

(state, government, commonwealth)

________________________________________________________________

 

Exercise 6.Complete the sentences with “ was ” or “ were ”:

It …………………… Sunday yesterday. The weather ……………………… horrible and my parents and me ………………………… at home. But I really ……………………… happy to stay at home. My mother ………………………. Busy cooking a delicious dinner and my father and me ………………………..... fond of playing chess. First I …………………… not lucky, but then my father ……………………… surprised with my success. When our tournament ……………………… over, I ……………………… proud of my victory.

 

Exercise 7. Make up sentences using the Future Indefinite Tense:

1.Amanda, move, to a new flat, next month.

______________________________________________________________

2.Daniel, attend, language courses, next year.

______________________________________________________________

3.His cousin, buy, the tickets for the plane, in two days.

______________________________________________________________

4.Our students, study, philosophy, next term.

______________________________________________________________

5.I, do the ironing, after dinner.

______________________________________________________________

 

Exercise 8. Find right item:

1. _______________ lives in that flat? A young doctor lives there. (Who, What, When)

2. _______________ does your brother work? He works on the farm. (Where, When, Why)

3. _______________ dog is that? I think it’s my neighbours’ pet. (Whose, Who, How many)

4. ________________ do you do after classes? I go home. (Where, When, Why)

5. ________________ do you usually get up? I usually get up at seven. (Where, When, What)

6. ________________ does that car cost? I don’t know. But it’s very expensive. (How, How much, What)

7. ________________do you like to see? I like to see films about animals. (What, When, Why)

 

 

Оцінка_________________ Викладач_________________________

 

САМОСТІЙНА РОБОТА №5

 

Тема для самостійного опрацювання: «Порівняльна характеристика державного устрою та політичної системи України та англомовних країн (Велика Британія, США, Австралія.(8 год.)

 

Література: В.К.Шпак «Англійська для повсякденного спілкування», Богацкий И.С., Дюканова Н.М. Бизнес-курс английского языка.

Т.М. Гужва Reason to speak. Сучасні розмовні теми, О.М.Павліченко «Граматичний практикум», двомовний англо-український, українсько-англійський словник

Хід роботи:

1. Прочитати, перекласти письмово тексти “The political system of Great Britain”, “The British Parliament”

2.Прочитати, перекласти письмово текст “The political system of USA”, “The political system of Australia”

3.Скласти опорний словник за темою “The political system of country”

4.Приступити до виконання завдань, що подані у вигляді лексико – граматичних вправ

 

Вправи:

Exercise 1. Read and translate the texts: