Make up 5 general and 5 special questions to the text.

4.2 Give the negative and question form of the following sentences:

1. Karl Benz designed and built the world's first practical automobile.

2. In 1871, Benz founded his first company with partner August Ritter.

3. The business's tools were impounded.

4. Bertha Ringer bought out Ritter's share in the company.

5. The Benz's were forced to improvise an association with photographer Emil Bühler.

6. Karl Benz finished his creation in 1885.

7. During the last years of the nineteenth century, Benz was the largest automobile company in the world.

8. Karl Benz was granted a patent for his design of the first flat engine.

9. This design is still used by Porsche and Subaru.

10. Karl Benz was a member of the new Daimler Benz board of management for the remainder of his life.

Point out the sentences with Passive.

V. Speaking

5.1 Answer the following questions:

1. Are the cars-model of Mercedes Benz Company popular nowadays?

2. Are they reliable?

3. Do you like these models? Why?

4. Would you like to have a car of Mercedes Benz Company?

5. Would you like to get a job as an engineer at the Mercedes Benz Company?

5.2 Speak about Karl Benz using his profile:

Born: 1844, Baden Muehlburg, Germany

Died: 1929, Ladenburg

Nationality: German

Education: Karlsruhe grammar school, Karlsruhe Polytechnic University

First company: with partner August Ritter, the Iron Foundry and Machine Shop, a supplier of building materials

Spouse - Bertha Ringer, married in 1872

Companies he worked for: the Iron Foundry and Machine Shop,Gasmotoren Fabrik, Benz&Cie, Benz Patent Motorwagen, Daimler-Benz Company.

Mercedes Benz - after ten-year-old Mercédès Jellinek, the daughter of Emil Jellinek.

A logo of the automobiles Mercedes Benz: a three pointed star surrounded by traditional laurels from the Benz logo.

Inventions: two-stroke engine (patent in 1879), the speed regulation system, the ignition using white power sparks with battery, the spark plug, the carburetor, the clutch, the gear shift, and the water radiator (patent), a first automobile featured wire wheels (unlike carriages' wooden ones) with a four-stroke engine of his own design between the rear wheels, with a very advanced coil ignition and evaporative cooling rather than a radiator, static gas engines, horseless carriage, first truck in history, first flat engine (patent)

5.3 Use the following phrases and word combinations to retell the text:

1. As I understood from the text...

2. According to the text...

3. According to the author...

4. As it is described in the text...

5. As it is said in the text...

6. If I am not mistaken …

7. According to the figures (data, information) from the text...

8. As for me I learnt that Karl Benz…

 

TEXT 3. KONSTANTIN THON (1794 - 1881)

Pre-questions:

Do you know the name of Konstantin Thon? What are his famous projects?

Pre-reading task.

Give the Russian for:

The Kazan Cathedral, Nevsky Prospekt, Obvodnyi Canal, Neoclassicism, the Moscow Kremlin, the Model Album for Church Designs, Neo-Russian Grand Kremlin Palace, Soviet authorities, Orel region, Maloarkhangelsk district.

15.2. Words and word combinations to be remembered:

Jeweller ювелир

Notable известный

The Imperial Academy of Arts

Императорская академия искусств

The Empire Style

Стиль ампир

To admit допускать, принимать

To appoint назначать

7. division отделение (в учреждении)

To attract public attention привлекать общественное внимание

Sumptuous роскошный, шикарный

Interior интерьер, внутренняя часть помещения

Embankment набережная

To submit представлять

Revival style

Стиль Ренессанс

To feel disaffected with быть недовольным чем-л.

Prevailing господствующий, доминирующий

To remark делать замечание, высказываться о (чём-л.)

To cringe угодничать, преклоняться

Revered почитаемый

Ambitious претенциозный

Date эпоха

The Cathedral of Christ the Saviour

Храм Христа Спасителя

Byzantine style Византийский стиль

Intended to underline similarity предназначенный подчеркнуть простоту

To displease вызывать недовольство, сердить

Fellow коллега

Severe строгий

Nevertheless тем не менее

Emperor император

To approve одобрять

To supervise смотреть, наблюдать

Ponderous громоздкий, массивный

Church церковь

Spacious обширный, просторный, крупный

That of так называемый

Presentation to the Temple for the Semenovsky regiment подарок храму Семеновского полка

Revivalist projects ренессансные проекты

To be assembled быть собранным

The Armoury Chamber Оружейная палата

Opulent богатый, пышный

Grandeur грандиозность, великолепие

Daring смелый

Incorporated включенный, являющийся частью целого

Successively непрерывно

Rehabilitate реконструировать

Abandoned заброшенный, покинутый

Izmaylovo Estate

Измайловское поместье (имение)

Almshouse приют

Commissions полномочия, указания

To implement выполнять, осуществлять

Despite несмотря на

Steelwork

Стальная конструкция

Venetian facades венецианские фасады

Medieval старомодный

Both обе

Disciple последователь, ученик

Although хотя

Extensively в значительной степени, сильно

Failing health слабеющее здоровье

To prevent from мешать, препятствовать

Apart в стороне, отдельно

Contemporary современник

To dismiss отвергать

Soviet authorities советская власть

To label прикреплять ярлыки

Ugly chests of drawers «уродливые коробки чертежников»

To destroy разрушать

Vicinity окрестности

Renewed обновленный

15.3. Read and translate the text:

Konstantin, born in St. Petersburg in the family of a German jeweller, was one of three Thon brothers who all rose to become notable architects. He studied at the Imperial Academy of Arts under the Empire Style architect Andrey Voronikhin13, best remembered for his work on the Kazan Cathedral, situated right in the middle of the Nevsky Prospekt. He studied Italian art in Rome from 1819 to 1828, and on his return home was admitted to the academy as its member and professor.

In 1854, he was appointed rector of the architectural division of the academy.

Thon first attracted public attention with his sumptuous design for the interiors of the Academy building on the Neva embankment. In 1827 he submitted to the tsar his project of St. Catherine church at the Obvodnyi Canal, the first ever design in the Russian Revival style. Nicolas I14, who felt disaffected with the prevailing Neoclassicism of Russian architecture, remarked that Russians have their own great art traditions and don't need to cringe before Rome. Thon's project was to become a revered model for other churches in St Petersburg and across Russia.

In 1830 Thon completed his most ambitious design to date, that of the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour15 in Moscow (fig. 17).

The Russian-Byzantine Revival style of his project, intended to underline similarity of the new church with old cathedrals of the Moscow Kremlin, displeased many of his fellows, who wanted to see the cathedral built in the severe Neoclassical style. Nevertheless, the emperor personally approved his design. Thon and his disciples continued to work on the cathedral for the next 50 years, until the master's death in 1881.

In 1836-1842 Thon supervised the construction of another ponderous church with a spacious interior, that of Presentation to the Temple for the Semenovsky regiment in St. Petersburg. He followed this with dozens of Neo-Russian-Byzantine designs for churches and cathedrals in provincial towns, including Sveaborg, Yelets, Tomsk, Rostov-on-Don, and Krasnoyarsk. Some of his revivalist projects were assembled in the Model Album for Church Designs (1836).

From 1838 to 1851 Thon was employed in construction of the Neo-Russian Grand Kremlin Palace and the Kremlin Armoury in Moscow. The grandiose palace, famed for opulent interiors of its 700 rooms and halls, was meant to symbolize the grandeur of the Russian state. It was a daring design which incorporated parts of earlier structures. The palace has served successively as an official residence for the Russian tsars, Soviet rulers, and the Presidents of the Russian Federation. At the same time, Thon rehabilitated the abandoned Izmaylovo Estate into an almshouse for the veterans of the Napoleonic Wars.

Thon's last important commissions were the Nikolaevsky railway stations in Moscow and Saint Petersburg (1849–1851). In his design for the stations the architect implemented some of the newest construction technologies. Despite large pieces of steelwork used in the construction, Venetian facades and medieval clock towers of the stations cleverly masked their modern function. Both structures, although extensively reconstructed, are still standing.