Чутливість до температурних подразників

A) thermometer;

B) cold perception;

C) thermoception;

D) nociception.

Судинна оболонка ока

A) choroid;

B) cornea;

C) sclera;

D) retina.

Зоровий нерв

A) optic chiasm;

B) optic nerve;

C) ophthalmic neuralgia;

D) nervous eye.

Молоточок

A) anvil;

B) incus;

C) ossicle;

D) malleus.

Мішечок

A) saccule;

B) cochlea;

C) eardrum;

D) pinna.

Лущитися

A) to desquamate;

B) to lose;

C) to regain;

D) to discharge.

Тріщина

A) track;

B) crack;

C) patch;

D) scale.

Шкіра

A) shin;

B) skin;

C) skull;

D) school.

Зсихатися

A) to shrivel;

B) to mature;

C) to outstretch;

D) to moisten.

Колінна чашечка

A) elbow cup;

B) knee glass;

C) kneecap;

D) ankle check.

Хвороба Паркінсона

A) Parkinson illness;

B) Parkinson’s disease;

C) disorder of Parkinson;

D) Parkinsons’ sickness.

Зорове перехрестя

A) optic nerve;

B) ophthalmic crossword;

C) optic chiasm;

D) ophthalmic muscle.

Коваделко

A) malleus;

B) anvil;

C) hammer;

D) stirrup.

Завитка

A) cochlea;

B) stapes;

C) utricle;

D) saccule.

Терти

A) to rub;

B) to scratch;

C) to turn;

D) to aggravate.

 

Виберіть правильний варіант пояснення слова:

Immunity

A) the body’s ability to live forever;

B) the body’s ability to avoid or not be affected by infection or disease;

C) the body’s disability to move;

D) the person’s sudden wish or need to do something, without stopping to think about the results.

Infection

A) an illness that is caused by bacteria or a virus and that affects one part of the body;

B) the chemical processes in living things that change food, etc. into energy and materials for growth;

C) the ability to know something by using your feelings rather than by considering the facts;

D) the study and treatment of diseases and injuries.

Pathogenesis

A) the scientific study about general regularities of development, course and termination of diseases;

B) medical treatment of injuries or diseases;

C) a slight disorder of the brain that causes difficulty in reading and spelling, for example, but does not affect intelligence;

D) pain caused by difficulty in digesting food.

Asthma

A) a medical condition of the oral cavity that causes gingivitis;

B) a respiratory disorder characterized by difficulty in breathing;

C) inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose and mouth;

D) a doctor qualified to treat respiratory disorders.

Hypertrophy

A) underdevelopment of an organ;

B) overdevelopment of an organ;

C) organ excision;

D) organ incision.

Hyposecretion

A) diminished secretion;

B) increased secretion;

C) normal secretion;

D) extremely high secretion.

Intracranial hemorrhage

A) the death of brain tissue;

B) an abnormality of the facial nerve that leads to paralysis of the muscles on one side of the face;

C) abdominal bleeding;

D) bleeding inside the skull.

Osphresiology

A) a scientific study which deals with the reception of sound vibration by the ear;

B) a scientific study of visual sensory system;

C) a science which deals with the study of odours and the sense of smell;

D) a scientific study of tactile perception.

Glaucoma

A) hypertension, blood pressure higher than normal;

B) an increased intraocular tension, “hardening” of the eyeball;

C) a decreased intraocular tension, “lightening” of the eyeball;

D) cloudiness of the lens of the eye.

Ophthalmometer

A) an instrument for measuring the eye;

B) an instrument for measuring the ear;

C) a doctor qualified to treat ophthalmologic diseases;

D) an instrument for measuring the blood pressure.

Cough

A) a sudden explosive movement of air that tends to clear material from the airways;

B) a crowing sound when breathing;

C) the unpleasant sensation of difficulty in breathing;

D) a whistling, musical sound during breathing that result from partially obstructed airways.

Pharyngitis

A) an inflammation of the bronchi caused by an infection;

B) an infection of the lungs that involves alveoli and the tissues around them;

C) an inflammation of the throat, usually caused by a virus but also commonly caused by bacteria;

D) an inflammation of the voice box caused either by a virus or by bacteria.

Encephaloscopy

A) study of the structure and functions of the brain;

B) any disease of the brain;

C) abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain;

D) examination of the brain.

Parkinson’s disease

A) a slowly progressing degenerative disorder of the nervous system;

B) inflammation of the brain caused by a virus;

C) inflammation of both the brain and the spinal cord;

D) a stroke or a transient ischemic attack causing disabling neurologic damage.

Hemiparesis

A) faulty nerve conduction characterized by weakness and quick fatigue of muscles;

B) slight paralysis affecting either right or left side of the body;

C) paralysis affecting all four extremities;

D) very severe paralysis of lower extremities.

Inborn resistance

A) natural inherent power of the body not to be affected by infections, harmful microorganisms, diseases, etc.;

B) the baby’s unwillingness to be born;

C) gynaecological pathology in which a pregnant woman resists giving birth to her child;

D) absence of any forces of the body to fight against infections, harmful microorganisms, diseases, etc.

Lymphocyte

A) erythrocyte sedimentation rate;

B) red blood cell;

C) lymph node;

D) white blood cell.

Pathogenesis

A) the scientific study about general regularities of development, course and termination of diseases;

B) medical treatment of injuries or diseases;

C) a slight disorder of the brain that causes difficulty in reading and spelling, for example, but does not affect intelligence;

D) pain caused by difficulty in digesting food.

Asthma

A) a medical condition of the oral cavity that causes gingivitis;

B) a respiratory disorder characterized by difficulty in breathing;

C) inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose and mouth;

D) a doctor qualified to treat respiratory disorders.

Hypertrophy

A) underdevelopment of an organ;

B) overdevelopment of an organ;

C) organ excision;

D) organ incision.

Calcification

A) of, containing, or concerned with lime or calcium;

B) a hormone secreted by the thyroid that inhibits the release of calcium from the skeleton and prevents a build-up of calcium in the blood;

C) the most common nutritional deficiency in the world;

D) the process of calcifying or becoming calcified. A tissue hardened by deposition of lime salts.

Neurectomy

A) the branch of chemistry that studies chemical processes in the nervous system;

B) surgical removal of a nerve or a section of a nerve;

C) a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the nervous system;

D) a tumour of the myelinated sheaths of nerve fibers.

Encephalalgia

A) inflammation of the brain;

B) neoplasm of the spinal cord;

C) examination of the brain;

D) headache.

Antibody

A) a drug that stops the blood from becoming thick and forming clots;

B) a medicine that helps to prevent infection in wounds by killing bacteria;

C) a protein that interacts with antigen that initially stimulated the B lymphocytes;

D) a remedy used to treat allergies, especially hay fever.

Vaccine

A) a substance containing living organisms, killed bacteria or some toxins which is usually injected to prevent diseases;

B) a substance containing alcohol and iodine which is sprayed onto the wound to prevent infection;

C) a substance that people use, especially in their armpits, to prevent or reduce sweat;

D) a substance contained in the bronchi or lungs in any respiratory tract disorder.

Acquired immunodeficiency

A) a diverse condition prevent from birth in which the immune system doesn’t function adequately;

B) a diverse condition that develops later in life in which the immune system functions inadequately;

C) an immunity which may come about through natural processes that may follow exposure to the infectious agent;

D) another name for learned immunity which is obtained or gained.

Autocystoplasty

A) surgery on urinary bladder with the use of skin portions from the donor’s body;

B) self-examination of the urinary bladder with the use of a mirror;

C) plastic surgery on the face with the use of skin portions from the patient’s body;

D) plastic surgery on urinary bladder with the use of skin portions from the patient’s body.

HIV

A) Very Important Person;

B) Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome;

C) Hot Intra-Venous Injection;

D) Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Food allergy

A) an allergic inflammation of the conjunctiva;

B) an acute, generalized, potentially severe and life-threatening allergic reaction;

C) an allergic reaction to a particular meal or food product;

D) a condition in which allergic symptoms develop in response to a physical stimulus, such as cold, heat, or minor injury.

Nasolabial

A) pertaining to the mouth and nose;

B) pertaining to the forehead and lips;

C) pertaining to the nose and lips;

D) inflammation of the nose mucous membrane.

Inspiration

A) breathing in the air;

B) expelling the air from the lungs;

C) a double-folded membrane which envelops each lung;

D) inability to breath in or expel the air.

Pharyngolaryngitis

A) inflammation of the throat and trachea;

B) inflammation of the throat and voice box;

C) diagnostic procedure which visualized trachea and voice box;

D) an instrument used for inspection of the throat mucous membrane.

Dyspnea

A) a whistling, musical sound during breathing that result from partially obstructed airways;

B) pain in the chest that arises from the pleura, lungs or chest wall;

C) a sudden explosive movement of air that sends to clear material from the airways;

D) shortness of breath, the unpleasant sensation of difficulty in breathing.

Bronchoconstriction

A) narrowing of the bronchus lumen;

B) swelling of the mucosa of the bronchial tube;

C) originating from the bronchi;

D) surgical alteration of the configuration of a bronchus.

Peripheral nervous system

A) the nervous system that consists of the brain and the spinal cord;

B) the nervous system that consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves, which carry impulses between the brain and the head and neck;

C) the nervous system that consists of 31 pair of spinal nerves, which carry messages between the spinal cord and the chest, abdomen, and extremities;

D) the nervous system that consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves.

Smell

A) tactition – the sense of pressure perception;

B) olfaction – one of “chemical” senses;

C) gustation – one of “chemical” senses;

D) audition – the sense of sound perception.

Gustation

A) taste – one of “chemical” senses;

B) smell – the other “chemical” sense;

C) hearing – the sense of sound perception;

D) touch – the sense of pressure perception.

Iris

A) the black area in the middle of the iris;

B) the circular, coloured area of the eye;

C) the front relatively tough white outer layer of the eye;

D) a transparent dome on the surface of the eye.

Ossicles

A) tympanic membrane;

B) external auditory meatus;

C) three tiny bones;

D) small tubes that connect the middle ear with the bed of the nose.

Dermatotherapy

A) treatment of skin diseases;

B) any skin eruption due to emotional stimuli;

C) an instrument used for inspection of the skin;

D) inspection of the skin, usually with the aid of a lens.

Antibody

A) post-mortem examination of the body;

B) glycoprotein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign bodies;

C) examination of tissue removed from the body to confirm the diagnosis;

D) paralysis of one side of the body.

HIV

A) half intra-venous;

B) Very Important Person;

C) Human Infectious Viruses;

D) Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Rhinology

A) knowledge concerning throat;

B) a doctor qualified to treat ear diseases;

C) knowledge concerning the nose;

D) pertaining to the nose and mouth.

Neurodermatitis

A) typically develops in areas where something, such as a tight garment, rubs or scratches the skin;

B) results from direct contact with one of many irritants or allergens;

C) causes a red rash with a yellowish and somewhat “oily” scale;

D) often occurs with allergies and frequently runs in families in which other family members have asthma or hay fever.

Dermatotherapy

A) pertaining to the mucous membrane and the skin;

B) ossification of the dermis;

C) any disease of the skin;

D) treatment of skin diseases.

Myringoplasty

A) plastic surgery of the Eustachian tube;

B) plastic surgery of the pinna;

C) plastic surgery of the eardrum;

D) inflammation of the eardrum.

Labyrinth

A) the external part of the ear and the ear canal;

B) the part of the ear containing eardrum and a chain of three ossicles;

C) also called the inner ear, a complex structure consisting of the cochlea, the semicircular canals, utricle and sacule;

D) also called the pinna or auricle, which consisting of cartilage covered by skin is rigid yet flexible.

Iridoplegia

A) bleeding from the iris;

B) paralysis of the iris sphincter;

C) any pathology of the iris;

D) blood in the retina.

Conjunctiva

A) a thin membrane of the eye;

B) the front relatively tough white outer layer of the eye;

C) a membraneous lining inside the sclera;

D) the black area in the middle of the iris.

Anaesthesiologist

A) a doctor trained to administer anaesthisia;

B) instrument for measuring tactile sensitivity;

C) excessive sensitiveness;

D) a doctor trained to treat vision impairment.

Neurasthenia

A) weakness of the voice from fatigue;

B) fragility and weakness of blood vessels;

C) faulty nerve conduction characterized by weakness and quick fatigue;

D) psychoneurosis characterized by abnormal fatigability.

Cerebrotomy

A) inflammation of the brain;

B) incision of part of the brain;

C) inflammation of the spinal cord;

D) headache.

Pectoralgia

A) pertaining to the breast or chest;

B) pain in the chest;

C) difficult breathing;

D) the expectoration of blood or blood stained sputum.

Cough

A) a sudden quick movement of air which tends to clear material or substances from the nose;

B) a crowing sound heard during treating mainly during inhalation;

C) a reflex in which the lungs and airways are protected;

D) a condition in which the level of oxygen in the blood becomes dangerously low or the level of carbon dioxide becomes dangerously high.

Expiration

A) the spelling of the air from the lungs;

B) the inhaling of the air into the lungs;

C) coughing up of pus from the lungs;

D) suffocation or strangulation.

AIDS

A) Affected Individual Disorder Severely;

B) Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection;

C) All Injured Doctors’ Sufferings;

D) Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.

Trachea

A) throat;

B) voice box;

C) windpipe;

D) cilia.

Cytokines

A) large white blood cells that ingest microbes and antigens;

B) proteins that interact with the antigen that initially stimulated the B lymphocytes;

C) 18 proteins which act in a cascade, with one protein activating the next protein;

D) “the messengers” secreted by cells of the immune system in response to stimulation which amplify some aspects of the immune system and inhibit others.

Bronchitis

A) inflammation of the bronchi;

B) an instrument used for inspecting bronchi;

C) inflammation of the lungs;

D) a doctor qualified to treat the diseases of the bronchi.

Hyposecretion

A) diminished secretion;

B) increased secretion;

C) normal secretion;

D) extremely high secretion.

Intracranial hemorrhage

A) the death of brain tissue;

B) an abnormality of the facial nerve that leads to paralysis of the muscles on one side of the face;

C) abdominal bleeding;

D) bleeding inside the skull.

Osphresiology

A) a scientific study which deals with the reception of sound vibration by the ear;

B) a scientific study of visual sensory system;

C) a science which deals with the study of odours and the sense of smell;

D) a scientific study of tactile perception.

Brain

A) the enlarged and highly developed mass of nervous issue that forms the upper end of the CNS;

B) the portion of the CNS enclosed in the vertebral column;

C) a part of the CNS that lies beneath the cerebrum just above the brain stem and coordinates the body movements;

D) fluid, which flows over the surface of the brain between the meninges, fills internal spaces within the brain, and cushions the brain against minor injury.

Babinski’s reflex

A) an immediate involuntary response of the patient Babin to the eaten poisonous meal;

B) a test in which a doctor asks a person to touch his nose with a forefinger, next to touch the doctor’s finger, and then to repeat these actions rapidly;

C) a test in which the patient is asked to touch his nose, first with his eyes open, then with his eyes closed;

D) a reflex which is tested by firmly stroking the outer border of the sole of the foot with a blunt object and in which the toes curl downward.

Blindness

A) the inability to hear;

B) the inability to see;

C) the ability to see very distinctly;

D) the inability to taste.

Audiometry

A) study of the sense organs;

B) method of hearing loss measuring;

C) instrument for measuring smell sensitivity;

D) impairment of vision and audition.

Labyrinth

A) the external part of the ear;

B) the middle ear;

C) the inner ear;

D) external auditory meatus.

Corium layer

A) also called the dermis is a living tissue composed of blood and lymph vessels and nerve fibers, which lies directly below the external layer of the skin;

B) a skin layer composed of connective tissue which specializes in the formation of fat;

C) a total name for all the three layers of the skin;

D) the outermost, totally cellular layer of the skin forming the waterproof, protective wrap of the body surface.

Lymphocytes

A) large white blood cells that ingest microbes and antigens;

B) relatively small cells of the lymphatic system which fall into B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and natural killer cells;

C) proteins that interact with the antigen that initially stimulated the B lymphocytes;

D) 18 proteins which act in a cascade, with one protein activating the next protein.

Autotrepanetion

A) treatment by administration of the patient’s own blood;

B) erosion of skull bones in patients suffering from brain tumours;

C) self-destruction of tissues or cells;

D) vaccine prepared from the parent’s own tissue or secretion.

Rhinolalia

A) change in speech as a result of the pathology in nose structures;

B) inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose and voice box;

C) allergic rhinitis;

D) any disease of the nose.

Larynx

A) throat;

B) windpipe;

C) trachea;

D) voice box.

Cyanouria

A) subjective visual perception of the blue colour;

B) bluish colouration of the skin and mucous membranes;

C) discharging of urea coloured blue;

D) discharging of urea coloured red.

Amnesia

A) a disorder characterized by the tendency to have recurring seizures;

B) the total or partial inability to recall recent or remote experiences;

C) the death of brain tissue resulting from the lack of blood flow;

D) bleeding inside the skull.

Neuralgia

A) formation of the nervous tissue;

B) trauma of the nervous system;

C) acute pain along a peripheral sensory nerve;

D) inflammation of a peripheral nerve.

Glaucoma

A) hypertension, blood pressure higher than normal;

B) an increased intraocular tension, “hardening” of the eyeball;

C) a decreased intraocular tension, “lightening” of the eyeball;

D) cloudiness of the lens of the eye.

Ophthalmometer

A) an instrument for measuring the eye;

B) an instrument for measuring the ear;

C) a doctor qualified to treat ophthalmologic diseases;

D) an instrument for measuring the blood pressure.

Cough

A) a sudden explosive movement of air that tends to clear material from the airways;

B) a crowing sound when breathing;

C) the unpleasant sensation of difficulty in breathing;

D) a whistling, musical sound during breathing that result from partially obstructed airways.

Pharyngitis

A) an inflammation of the bronchi caused by an infection;

B) an infection of the lungs that involves alveoli and the tissues around them;

C) an inflammation of the throat, usually caused by a virus but also commonly caused by bacteria;

D) an inflammation of the voice box caused either by a virus or by bacteria.

Encephaloscopy

A) study of the structure and functions of the brain;

B) any disease of the brain;

C) abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain;

D) examination of the brain.

Parkinson’s disease

A) a slowly progressing degenerative disorder of the nervous system;

B) inflammation of the brain caused by a virus;

C) inflammation of both the brain and the spinal cord;

D) a stroke or a transient ischemic attack causing disabling neurologic damage.

Hemiparesis

A) faulty nerve conduction characterized by weakness and quick fatigue of muscles;

B) slight paralysis affecting either right or left side of the body;

C) paralysis affecting all four extremities;

D) very severe paralysis of lower extremities.

Diagnosis

A) the act of discovering or identifying the exact cause of an illness or a problem;

B) a change in your body or mind that shows that you are not healthy;

C) the state of being physically or mentally ill;

D) an illness affecting humans, animals or plants, often caused by infection.

Vitamins

A) macronutrients needed by the body in large quantaties;

B) components of many enzymes affecting important chemical reactions throughout the body;

C) fragility and weakness of blood vessels;

D) essential micronutrient, required by the body in small amounts for maintenance of metabolism.

Neurology

A) a group of nerve cells forming a nerve center;

B) a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the nervous system;

C) trauma of the nervous system;

D) a physician specializing in the field of neurology and trained to diagnose, treat, and manage patients with neurological disorders.

Myelitis

A) inflammation of the brain;

B) inflammation of the gray substance of the brain;

C) inflammation of the spinal cord;

D) any disease affecting the gray substance of the spinal cord.

Nociception

A) the perception of pain;

B) the perception of balance or acceleration;

C) the sense of cold and the absence of heat;

D) the sense of pressure perception.

Iridectomy

A) pertaining to eyes and face;

B) excision of the iris thickened part;

C) paralysis of the iris sphincter;

D) bleeding from the iris.

Oval window

A) tympanic membrane;

B) external auditory meatus;

C) the entrance to the inner ear;

D) a small tube that connects the middle ear with the back of the nose.

Dermatalgia

A) inflammation of the skin;

B) ossification of the dermis;

C) any disease of the skin;

D) localized pain confined to the skin.