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aunaka said: Hearing the explanations, what else did the King, best of the Bharata lineage, ask the wise sage Śukadeva?
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- This is the sin of kings who are like fat crows! It is a sin committed by servants or door-keepers, who are like dogs, acting against their masters.
- By my order Takṣaka will bite this black sheep of his family, offender of my father, trespasser of boundaries.
- O child! When this king, representative of Viṣṇu, disappears, the people, suffering from thieves, like unprotected sheep, will be destroyed in an instant.
- The Lord, the soul of all beings, should forgive the sin committed to your innocent devotee by this boy of immature intelligence.
- The great sage was sorry for the sin committed by his son, but did not think at all that the king had committed an offense when he (the sage) was treated badly.
- Other exalted sages among the devatās, sages of great penance, sages among kings and Aruṇas also came. Welcoming the best of sages, the king bowed his head.
- Having decided in this way the wise king, entrusting the country to his son, sat down facing north on kuśa grass with tips facing east, on the right bank of the river.
- When the best of the kings sat fasting, the devatās in the sky showered the earth with flowers in praise and continually drums sounded in joy.
- We will all remain here until the king, the best of the devotees, gives up his body and attains the supreme planet which is without grief and passion.
- When his guest arrived, Parīkṣit worshipped him with bowed head. The ignorant women and children disappeared. In the worship, Śukadeva sat on a huge seat.
- Otherwise how is it possible that explicitly dying men like us can see a perfected being like you, whose movements are unknown, and is most munificent?
- I ask the supreme guru of the yogīs what is complete perfection and what is to be done at all times for attaining that perfection for a man about to die.
- Being addressed and questioned by the king with sweet words, the great son of Vyāsa, knower of dharma, began to answer.
- O King! There are thousands of topics that can be heard by those who do not inquire about the goal of life, those who are attached to the house and commit five types of violence.
- Deeply attached to his body, children and wife, who are like an army giving protection, though they are false, he sees their destruction but does not see it.
- For persons fixed in jñāna, yoga and karma, gaining such a birth, with remembrance of Nārāyaṇa while rejecting the other processes, is the best.
- O descendent of the Kurus! But you have seven days remaining in your life. Make all necessary arrangements in this time for your destination after death.
- The body of the universal form is more solid than the solid. Within that form, the past, present and future of the universe, the products of the Lord, are seen.
- Pātala are his soles, Rasātala is his heels, Mahātala is his ankles and Talātala is his calves.
- O best of the Kurus! The clouds are his hair. Twilight is his clothing. Avaykta-prakṛti is his intelligence. The moon is his mind, the shelter of all change.
- They say that mahat-tattva is his citta. Rudra is his false ego. Horses, mules, camels and elephants are his nails. All animals are his hips.
- Meditating on the Puruṣa in the Heart
- He is decorated with valuable belt, rings, anklets, and bracelets. His attractive, smiling face is surrounded by spotless, glossy, curly black locks of hair.
- The unchanging Lord reviewed three times the Vedas completely with his intelligence, and determined that process which produces prema in the self.
- Auspiciousness arises for the worshippers of devatās if firm devotion for the Lord arises from association with devotees.
- aunaka said: Hearing the explanations, what else did the King, best of the Bharata lineage, ask the wise sage Śukadeva?
- O learned Sūta! You should tell that to us, who desire to hear. Topics which conclude in discussion of the Lord will certainly appear in the assembly of great devotees.
- Both by rising and by setting, the sun decreases the duration of life of everyone, except one who utilizes the time by discussing topics of the Supreme Lord.
- Do not the trees live long life? Do not the bellows breathe? Do not the village animals and animal-like men eat and mate?
- He completely gave up attachment to body, wife, sons, house, animals, wealth, friends, kingdom, which is constant and strong in others.
- O great devotees! The intelligent Parīkṣit, full of faith in hearing Kṛṣṇa’s activities, asked this question to Śukadeva which you have asked me.
- Sūta said: Being thus requested by the King to speak about the qualities of the Lord, Śukadeva, remembering the Lord of the senses, prepared to answer.
- I offer continual respects to the Lord with all auspicious qualities, whose glorification, remembrance, deity form, topics and worship immediately destroy the impurities of man.
- O King! Brahmā, filled with the Vedas, taught this knowledge, which the Lord had directly spoke to him, to Nārada who asked about it.
- Nārada said: O lord of lords! O creator of the living beings! O first born! You know that knowledge which reveals the truth about the ātmā and Paramātmā.
- Situated in your own energy like a spider creating his web, without fatigue, you protect the living beings within yourself, without being destroyed.
- Though you are like this, you performed great austerities. By this you bewilder us. You produce a doubt that there is some other Lord.
- O son! What you say about me is not untrue, because people, not knowing the difference between me and the Lord say that I have that power.
- I meditate on the Supreme Lord Vāsudeva, by whose insurmountable māyā people call me the guru of the universe.
- I am created by him. Inspired by the Lord’s glance, I create what is already created by the Lord -- the witness, the soul situated in all beings.
- Second Description of the Universal Form: Vibhūtis of the Lord
- From his body hairs arose all trees by which sacrifice is performed. From his hair and beard arose clouds and from his nails arose lightning, minerals and metals.
- brahma-nārada-saṁvādaḥ
- Parīkṣit’s Questions
- Please describe the various yugas, their durations, their dharmas, and the astonishing activities of the yugāvatāras of the Lord.
- O Brahmā! All auspiciousness to you! Please ask your desired benediction from me, who can award all benedictions. Endeavors in the process of bhakti end in seeing me.
- Brahmā said: O Supreme Lord! You, the controller of all beings, are situated in their intelligence. You know what all beings desire to do by unimpaired intelligence.
- Follow my instructions in detail, with extreme concentration. You will not be bewildered at any time during your lifetime and its subdivisions.
- Ten Characteristics of a Purāṇa
- a-kathā refers to descriptions of the Lord’s avatāras and their devotees, filled with various stories.
COMMENTARY
After the worshippers of various devatās have their desires fulfilled what goal do they achieve? Nothing. But if they receive mercy of devotees then they attain bhakti. The worshippers of devatās (yajatām) will attain the highest good (niḥśreyasoḍayaḥ), if (yad) an attitude of service (bhāvaḥ) to the Lord arises because of association with devotees. Otherwise no good arises, because the devatās cannot bestow the highest good. The Lord says:
ye ’py anya-devatā-bhaktā yajante śraddhayānvitāḥ |
te ’pi mām eva kaunteya yajanty avidhi-pūrvakam ||
ahaṁ hi sarva-yajñānāṁ bhoktā ca prabhur eva ca |
na tu mām abhijānanti tattvenātaś cyavanti te ||
Those who are devoted to other gods and with faith worship them--they also worship me, but by the wrong method, O son of Kuntī.
I am the enjoyer and master of all sacrifices. Those who do not know me in truth fall down. BG 9.23-24
Worship of the devatās is not a cause of developing bhakti to the Lord at all. Association with devotees is the only method. That association is unpredictable as explained before.
|| 2.3.12 ||
jñānaṁ yad āpratinivṛtta-guṇormi-cakram
āt ma-prasāda uta yatra guṇeṣv asaṅgaḥ |
kaivalya-sammata-pathas tv atha bhakti-yogaḥ
ko nirvṛto hari-kathāsu ratiṁ na kuryāt ||
TRANSLATION
If jñāna, the path approved for attaining the Lord, which creates indifference to the multitude of material guṇas, arises and is followed by satisfaction of the self, which creates complete detachment from the guṇas, then bhakti-yoga should arise. Experiencing bliss in bhakti, how can that person not have attraction for topics of the Lord?
COMMENTARY
“It is improper take shelter of one deity at the end of life after taking shelter of someone else for one’s whole life. How can it be proper to make the person who has always worshipped some devatā develop devotion to the Lord at the end?”
Such worshippers of devatās are actually very low, because even the worshippers of brahman take to the worship of the Lord. The progression is shown in this verse.
When (yad) there arises jñāna, which destroys the multitude of whirlpools of the guṇas, which brings satisfaction of the self, by which there is detachment from material enjoyment, and which is the path approved for merging, then bhakti-yoga arises.
One should not worry that one cannot attain association of devotees since that mercy is spontaneous, as explained previously. By the mercy of the Lord, Sanaka and others attained bhakti. By the mercy of devotees, persons such as Śukadeva attained bhakti through kīrtana and other processes. Who absorbed in the happiness of bhakti (nirvṛtaḥ) would not have attachment (ratim) for topics of the Lord? This means that the person without attachment for the topics of the Lord is not happy at all. Here the superiority of pure bhakti to karma, jñāna, yoga and worship of devatās is shown. And whatever they aim to achieve in those processes is accomplished by bhakti alone. And for all those persons practicing various methods, the highest result (prema) is finally attained by only bhakti. Thus pure bhakti which disregards karma and jñāna, without any of those desires, whose principle activities are hearing, glorifying and remembering the Lord, is the method of producing prema. This is the opinion of Śukadeva. Among those methods, chanting the name of the Lord is the supreme method. Thus five items (karma, jñāna, yoga, bhakti and prema) have been delineated. This is the meaning of the section in summary.
|| 2.3.13 ||
śaunaka uvāca—
ity abhivyāhṛtaṁ rājā niśamya bharatarṣabhaḥ |
kim anyat pṛṣṭavān bhūyo vaiyāsakim ṛṣiṁ kavim ||
TRANSLATION
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