Вспомните формы инфинитива, проанализируйте и пе­реведите следующие предложения.

1. A printer is an example of a device to produce output in a human-readable format. 2. The high-speed devices to be used as secondary storage are both input and output devices. 3. The progress of electronics to have resulted in the invention of elec­tronic computers was a breakthrough (прорыв) of the second part of the 20^th century. 4. Mendeleyev's periodic law to have been accepted as a universal law of nature is of great importance nowadays. 5. When output is available, output interfaces must be designed to reverse the process and to adopt the output to the external environment. 6. The memory stores the instructions and the data to be quickly retrieved on demand by the CPU. 7. Computers to have been designed originaly for arithmetic pur­poses are applicable for great variety of tasks at present. 8. The film to have been running for over a month this year attracts at­tention of many spectators. 9. The CPU of a computer to be arranged in a single or very small number of integrated circuits is called a microprocessor. 10. Russia was the first country to start the cosmic era.

7. Прочтите внимательно текст, составьте аннотацию на английском языке, озаглавьте текст. Для составления аннотации используйте следующие клише:

The text / article under review ...(gives us a sort of infor­mation about...)

The article deals with the problem ...

The subject of the text is ...

At the beginning (of the text) the author describes... (dwells on ...; explains...; touches upon ...; analyses...; comments ...; characterizes ...; underlines ...; reveals ...; gives ac­count of...)

The article begins with the description of ...,a review of...,the analysis of...

The article opens with ...

Then (after that, further on, next) the author passes on to..., gives a detailed (thorough) analysis (description), goes

on to say that...

To finish with, the author describes ...

At the end of the article the author draws the conclusion that...;

 the author sums it all up (by saying...)

In conclusion the author...

* * *

As it is well known, a computer cannot perform or complete any useful work unless it is able to communicate with its exter­nal environment. All data and instructions enter and leave the central processing unit through primary storage. Input-output devices are needed to link primary storage to the environment, which is external to the computer system. So input devices are used to enter data into primary storage. Output units accept data from primary storage to provide users with information or to record the data on a secondary storage device. Some devices are used for both the input and output functions.

The data with which these devices work may or may not be in a form that humans can understand. For example the data that a data entry operator keys into the memory of a computer by typing on a keyboard are readable by humans. However, the data that tell a computer about the performance of an automo­bile engine are not in a form that humans can read. They, are electrical signals from an analog sensor. Similarly, output may be on a printed page, which humans can read easily, or upon some other medium where the data are not visible, such as on magnetic tape or disk.

As we know, all of the data flow from input to final output is managed by the control unit in the CPU. Regardless of the na­ture of the I/O devices, special processors called I/O interfaces are required to convert the input data to the internal codes used by the computer and to convert internal codes to a format which is usable by the output device.