Упр. 35. Завершите предложения, используя глаголы в скобках.

THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

Past Perfectобразуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в форме прошедшего времени (had) и формы причастия прошедшего времени смыслового глагола: I had worked, hehad worked, wehad worked.

Утвердительная форма                          Отрицательная форма              Вопросительная

I had walked                                   I had not walked        I hadn’t walked             Had I walked?

You had walked                             You had not walked  You hadn’t walked        Had you walked?

He hadwalked                               He had not walked     He hadn’twalked         Had he walked?

She hadwalked                             She had notwalked   She hadn’t walked        Had she walked?

It had walked                                  It had notwalked        It hadn’t walked            Hadit walked?

We had walked                              We had not walked          We hadn’t walked         Had we walked?

You had walked                             You had not walked  You hadn’t walked         Had you walked?

They had walked                           They had not walked They hadn’t walked      Had they walked?

СЛУЧАИ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ:

1. Для выражения прошедшего действия, которое уже совершилось до определенного момента в прошлом.

Этот момент может быть определен

a) такими обозначениями времени, как: by 5 o’clockк пяти часам, by Saturdayк   субботе, by the end of the year к концу года, by that time к тому времени и т.п.

We had translated the article by 5 o’clock.                               Мы перевели статью к пяти часам.

By the end of the year he had learnt                                         К концу года он (уже) научился

to speak French.                                                               говорить по-французски.

 б) другим (более поздним) прошедшим действием, выраженным в Past Simple.

We couldn’t get into the house because                         Мы не могли попасть в дом,

I had lost the key.                                                            потому что я потерял ключ.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ

You went back to your home town after many years and found that many things were different.

 

1. My friend Henry was no longer there. He _________________(go) away.

2. The local cinema was no longer open. It ________________(close) down.

3. Mr Johnson was no longer alive. He ______________(die).

4. I didn’t recognize Mrs Johnson. She ________________(change) a lot.

5. Bill no longer had his car. He _________________(sell) it.

6. Jane was no longer alone. She ________________ (marry) Steve.

7. The old local shop was no longer there. They ________________(build) a new one.

8. Mrs White was no longer blond. She _________________ (become)grey.

 

Упр. 36. Раскройте скобки. Употребите глаголы в Past Perfect.

 

1. By 7 o’clock I (pack) my suitcase and was ready to start.

2. Tom wasn’t at home when I arrived. He just (go) out.

3. By the time I got home everybody already (go) to bed.

4. Mary looked happy. She (find) her ring.

5. I knew the actor well. I (see) him in many plays.

6. Jane was busy in the kitchen. She (not cook) the dinner yet.

7. She told me she (work) in France and Germany.

8. He (finished) his new novel by the end of the month.

9. Nick thought that his father (not come) home yet.

10. Tom (return) from the cinema by 5 o’clock.

11. Yesterday I found the book which I (lose) in summer.

12. All my friends were glad to hear that I (pass) all my exams.