Составьте 10 вопросов к тексту A и ответьте на них.

THE LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE

(I)

1.Прочитайте и запомните следующие слова и выражения:

human anatomy

[⸝hju:mǝn ǝ′nætǝmi]

анатомия человека

physiology

[⸝fizi′ɔlǝʤi]

физиология

cell

[sel]

клетка

fuel

[′fju:ǝl]

горючее, топливо

oxygen

[′ɔksiʤǝn]

кислород

blood

[blʌd]

кровь

heart

[hɑ:t]

сердце

circulation

[⸝sǝ:kju′leiʃn]

кровообращение

digestion

[dai′ʤestʃn]

пищеварение

stomach

[′stʌmǝk]

желудок

intestines

[in′testinz]

кишечник

respiration

[⸝respi′reiʃn]

дыхание

passage

[′pæsiʤ]

проход

lung

[lʌŋ]

легкое

nervous

[′nǝ:vǝs]

нервный

brain

[brein]

головной мозг

nerve

[nǝ:v]

нерв

nucleus

[′nju:kliǝs]

ядро

chromosome

[′kroumǝsoum]

хромосома

gene

[ʤi:n]

ген

hereditary

[hi′reditri]

наследственный

nutrient

[′nju:triǝnt]

питательное вещество

waste

[weist]

отходы, продукты распада

 

2. Прочитайте и переведите текст A:

 

OUTLINE OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

 

Let’s speak about human anatomy and physiology, which are the study, respectively, of the normal structure and functioning of the body. Just as houses are built of individual bricks, so is the body made up of millions of microscopic individual units called cells. Each cell has a job to do and must be supplied with fuel and oxygen before it can do. In this respect¹ the body is not different from any other working engine or machine. All engines, machines and body cells are alike in requiring oxygen to burn their fuel and thereby produce the energy needed to perform their functions.

The fuel needed by the body comes from our food, while oxygen is present in the air we breathe. Fuel and oxygen are conveyed in the blood to all parts of the body the heart and circulation.

The food we eat is turned into usable fuel by a process known as² digestion. The digestive system contains the stomach and intestines.

Oxygen is obtained from the air we breathe. The process by which it enters the blood to reach the body cell is called respiration. The respiratory system consists of the air passes and lungs.

Overall control and coordination of body function is effected is effected by the nervous system, which consists of the brain and nerves. The brain may be likened to ³ a computerized telephone exchange with the nerves serving as telephone lines.

There are many different types of cell in the body, depending on their particular function, but they all contain a central nucleus and are bounded⁴ by cell wall. The nucleus is responsible for growth by cell division, and contains chromosomes and genes which transmit the hereditary factors, which make every person a unique individual. The cell wall is sufficiently thin to allow oxygen and nutrients from the blood to enter the cell⁵ and waste products to leave.

 

NOTES:

¹ in this respect – в этом отношении

² known as – известный как

³ may be likened to – можно сравнить с

⁴ are bounded – быть связанным

⁵ to enter the cell – войти в клетку

 

3. Упражнения:

1). Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний:

Иметь дело с

 

Отдельные кирпичики

 

Быть обеспеченным горючим и кислородом

 

Переноситься

 

Для того чтобы попасть в клетки тела

 

Выводиться из тела

 

Общий контроль и координирование

 

Служащие в качестве

 

В зависимости от

 

Отвечает за рост

 

Уникальная индивидуальность

 

Позволять

 

Питательные вещества

 

2). Процитируйте из текста предложения, в которых встречаются следующие слова и словосочетания:

To have a job to do

 

In this respect

 

To come from our food

 

To be turned into

 

To contain

 

To be called

 

To be eliminated from

 

To be likened

 

A cell wall

 

Hereditary factors

 

 

3). Ответьте на вопросы:

- What do anatomy and physiology study?

 

- What is body made up of?

 

- What must each cell be supplied with?

 

- What does the fuel the body comes from?

 

- What is digestion?

 

- What main parts do the respiratory system consists of?

 

- How is cell waste eliminated from the body?

 

- What may the brain be likened to?

 

- The nucleus is responsible for growth by cell division, isn’t it?

 

- What do chromosomes and genes do?

 

- How do oxygen and nutrients enter the cell?

 

 

4). Вставьте предлоги, где это необходимо:

The body is not different … any other machine. A motorcar engine, for example, needs fuel … the form of petrol. This is burned inside the engine to produce the energy which drives the car. But petrol, gas, coal, wood or any other form of fuel can only burn … the presence of oxygen. Thus, all machines and body cell are alike … requiring oxygen to burn their fuel and thereby produce the energy needed to perform their functions. Fuel and oxygen are … blood to all parts of the body.

 

5). Вставьте артикли и притяжательные местоимения, где это необходимо:

… body is made up of millions of cells. There are … different types of cells in … body. But they all have central nucleus and a cell wall. … chromosomes and genes of the nucleus transmit the … hereditary factors of every person. … nucleus is the controlling structure of the cell. It controls …way a cell reproduces and contains genetic material which determines the functioning and structure of … cell. … cell is the fundamental unit of every living thing.

 

 

7). Переведите предложения с русского языка на английский:

Анатомия и физиология человека представляют собой учение о нормальной структуре и функционировании организма человека.

 

Организм человека состоит из миллионов клеток.

 

Для работы и жизни клетки ей необходимы питание и кислород.

 

Пища дает нам энергию, а кислород мы получаем из воздуха, окружающего нас.

 

Система пищеварения включает желудок и кишечник.

 

В процессе дыхания главную роль играют легкие.

 

Функционирование нашего организма контролируется нервной системой, состоящей из мозга и нервов.

 

Каждая клетка состоит из ядра и оболочки.

 

Хромосомы и гены передают наследственные факторы любого человека, делая его уникальным.

 

Оболочка клетки достаточно тонка, что позволяет ей беспрепятственно осуществлять обмен веществ.

 

 

8). Прочитайте и переведите текст В, при необходимости используйте словарь:

The cell is fundamental unit of every living thing. Cells are everywhere in the human body. They are very similar if you look at them with the help of a microscope. The membrane surrounds and protects the internal environment of the cell. The nucleus is the controlling structure of the cell. It controls the way a cell reproduces, and contains genetic material which determines the structure of the cell and functioning. The cell is the smallest biological unit. It represents a minimum unity of relatively independent activity.