Match the words and their meanings by placing a proper letter on each blank.

__1. engine                   a. thing that is helpful, useful but not an essential part

__2. design                   b. machine that converts energy into power or motion

__3. vehicle              c. drawing from which something may be made

__4. accessory     d. thing to be copied

__5. model                   e. a means of transportation

Use the words to make word partnerships.

racing, various, automatic, simple, limited, electric choice, retarder, lamps, design, car, accessories.

Replace the words in a bold type by their synonyms from the text.

1. Henry Ford showed his car in Detroit.

2. The value of the first car was too expensive.

3. Prices of the car steadily went down.

4. Some companies tried to make the simple car design better.

5. They sold different other accessories.

Read the text again to decide if the statements are true or false. Correct the false ones using the facts from the text.

1. Ford Motor Company sold its first car for low price.

2. A 4-cycle, 2-cylinder, 4 wheeled car was demonstrated in Wisconsin.

3. The Model-T was introduced to the market in 1908.

4. Prices of the car steadily went up as the Model-T became more popular with the consumers.

5. To solve the problem of the engine “kicking” Ford Motor Company invented an automatic spark retarder.

IV. What do you think?

1. When did Henry Ford begin to build “racing cars” for publicity?

2. What was technical characteristic of the Model-T in 1908?

3. How did they call the Model-T when its production was ended in 1927?

4. How much did Ford earn during the years of the Model-Т production?

V. Discuss with your groupmates.

Do you agree that the Automobile Revolution started with the production of the first “racing car” by Ford Motor Company?

 

Radio

I. First thoughts

How do you think a radio operates? Do you know anyone who likes to make different electrical goods such as radios, computers, etc.?

II. Study these words. Make sure you know them.

transmitter, electromagnetic, broadcast, equipment, frequency, message, to invent, receiver, wire.

III. Read the text and do the tasks following it:

Do you have a favorite radio station? What do you like about it? Have you ever wondered how your radio is able to produce the sounds and the music that you like to hear?

Radio programs are sent by a machine called a transmitter to your radio which is called a receiver. The programs don't travel through wires like telephone messages do. They are sent through the air over long distances by electromagnetic waves. These waves are called radio waves and were discovered by a German scientist named Heinrich Hertz. He discovered that these waves could carry sound signals. He also discovered that radio waves have different lengths.

Guglielmo Marconi, an Italian, invented a microphone that changed sound waves into electronic signals, and then he developed a receiver that turned them back into sound again. He also found a way to keep waves of the same length together and keep those of different wave lengths separate. On his equipment, a radio wave looked like a letter "s" lying on its side. Short waves curved up and down more times each second than longer ones, so he divided all the waves by how many times they curved each second or by how frequently they curved. He called each group a frequency. The numbers on your radio dial are different frequencies. Different stations can broadcast their programs at the same time using different frequencies.

Later, scientists found that by using only the top half of a radio wave they could reduce static and other noise that interfered with clear sound. This kind of radio transmission is called FM broadcasting because the frequency has been modulated or changed.

IV. Comprehension Check.

1. Match the words with their meanings placing a proper letter on each blank.

__1. microphone      a. an apparatus which changes radio waves into sounds

__2. to invent           b. the metal in the form of thread

__3. receiver            c. having a magnetic force produced by an electric current

__4. curve                d. an instrument that receives sounds and changes sounds

into electrical energy

__5. to discover       e. to find something for the first time

__6. electromagnetic f. to make or produce something for the first time

__7. wire                  g. a line of which no part is straight and which contains no angles