Articulatory and physiological classification of English consonants. Types of consonants. Approximants. Occlusive. Constrictive. Fricative. Plosive. Noise. Bilabial. Clear L.

Articulatory and physiological classification of English consonants. Types of consonants. Approximants. Occlusive. Constrictive. Fricative. Plosive. Noise. Bilabial. Clear L.

Consonants are divided into noise and sonorants. Consonants are made with air stream that meets an obstruction in the mouth or nasal cavities. That is why in the production of consonant sounds there is a certain degree of noise on the articulatory level the consonants change: in the degree of noise (voicing); in the manner of articulation; in the place of articulation.Voiced are [ b, d, g], voiceless are [p, t, f]Approximants are consonants in which the constriction is fairly wide, so that air passes through without creating turbulence or trilling.Occlusive consonants are sounds in the production of which the air stream meets a complete obstruction in mouth.Constrictive consonants are those in the production of which the air stream meets an incomplete obstruction in the resonator, so the air passage is constricted. Fricatives (f, h, g) is a type of consonant made by forcing air through a narrow gap so that a hissing noise is generates.Plosive is a sound produced by forming a complete obstruction to the flow of air out of the mouth and nose.Bilateral – sounds are made by touching the upper and laver lips together. Clear L is a type of lateral sound in which the air escapes past the sides of the tongue, found normally only before vowels.

Connection of Phonetics with other sciences. Principle of transcription, transliteration. Modification of consonants in connected speech.

Phonetics is connected with linguistic and non – linguistic sciences: acoustic, physiology, psychology, logic.The connection of phonetics with grammar, lexicology and stylistics is exercised first of all orthography which in its turn is very closely connected with phonetics. Through the system of rules of reading phonetics is connected with grammar and helps to pronounce correctly singular and plural forms of nouns and another. Phonetics is also connected with grammar through its intonation components phonetics as also connected with lexicology. It’s only due to the presence of stress, or accent in the right place with stylistics through intonation and it’s components, through repetition of words, phrases and sounds.

Speech sounds are seldom said by themselves, they are used in combination with other sounds in connected speech. Isolation of sounds from the flow of speech is to a great degree simplification of real process. In the process of speech the articulatory organs are moving continually and the sounds mostly merge one into another. The sounds are modified by other sounds near to them in the phonetic sequence.

Voiced and voiceless consonants. Voicing. Devoicing. Shwa.

In a voiced consonant, the vocal cords vibrate. When the vocal cords are brought together and vibrate we hear voice. Voiced consonants are [p, d, g, z, ʒ, ʤ]. If vocal cords are apart and don’t vibrate we hear only noise and the consonants are voiceless [p, t, k, f, s, h, ʃ, ɵ, ʧ]. Voicing is a term used to refer to the vibration of the vocal folds. Devoicing is a process affecting a sound which we would normally except to be voiced but which is pronounced without voicing in a particular context.

Scwa is unstressed central vowel. One of the most noticeable features of English pronunciation the phonetic difference between stressed and unstressed syllables.

Articulatory and physiological classification of English consonants. Types of consonants. Approximants. Occlusive. Constrictive. Fricative. Plosive. Noise. Bilabial. Clear L.

Consonants are divided into noise and sonorants. Consonants are made with air stream that meets an obstruction in the mouth or nasal cavities. That is why in the production of consonant sounds there is a certain degree of noise on the articulatory level the consonants change: in the degree of noise (voicing); in the manner of articulation; in the place of articulation.Voiced are [ b, d, g], voiceless are [p, t, f]Approximants are consonants in which the constriction is fairly wide, so that air passes through without creating turbulence or trilling.Occlusive consonants are sounds in the production of which the air stream meets a complete obstruction in mouth.Constrictive consonants are those in the production of which the air stream meets an incomplete obstruction in the resonator, so the air passage is constricted. Fricatives (f, h, g) is a type of consonant made by forcing air through a narrow gap so that a hissing noise is generates.Plosive is a sound produced by forming a complete obstruction to the flow of air out of the mouth and nose.Bilateral – sounds are made by touching the upper and laver lips together. Clear L is a type of lateral sound in which the air escapes past the sides of the tongue, found normally only before vowels.