Supplementary information signs

МЕТОДИЧЕСКОЕ ПОСОБИЕ

«SAFETY FIRST»

по дисциплине: «Иностранный язык»

 

Уфа

2016.

Аннотация

 

Основная цель данного методического пособия – подготовка студентов к работе на производстве, которая начинается с соблюдения правил техники безопасности. Пособие подготовлено в соответствии с требованиями Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта и примерной программы по дисциплине «Иностранный язык»

В пособии использованы оригинальные англоязычные тексты, частично сокращенные и адаптированные. Для закрепления материала представлен ряд упражнений, которые помогут в кратчайшие сроки расширить и закрепить лексику, необходимую при сдаче любого экзамена по технике безопасности как на английском так и на русском языках.

 

 

Содержание

 

1. Введение…………..………………………………………………… 4

2. Категории знаков техники безопасности………………………….. 5

3. Обозначения знаков техники безопасности……………………… 10

4. Лексические упражнения ………………………………………… 12

5. Тексты для дополнительного чтения………………………………. 20

1. Заключение ………………………………………………………… 25
2. Список использованных источников………………………………. 26

 

Safety first

 

The main causes of accidents in the workplace are not dramatic fires and explosions, but very ordinary accidents that can be easily prevented by workers looking out for their own safety and the safety of others. Many of these accidents are minor, but some cause death or serious injury. The most common cause of accidents is from slips, trips and falls, followed by lifting and carrying. Accidents involving cuts, burns, dropped objects, falling from height, and collisions are also common but often avoidable.

The main preventable measure is safety training. All employees in the oil and gas industry go through regular safety training courses to encourage a strong safety culture. For hazardous areas, employees will be issued with personal protective equipment (PPE) which must be worn in signed areas. Safety boots, hard hats, overalls, gloves, and safety glasses are usually a standard issue. In addition, ear protectors and special trades’ equipment such as welding shields, goggles, and gloves will be issued.

Safety signage has to be followed. Signs are classified with different shapes and colours to denote whether they are mandatory, warnings, or giving information. Most signs are independent of language and use standard symbols as ideograms. The meaning of some of these signs is not always immediately obvious and so they should be learnt. Following information signs is practiced in fire drills where workers must follow signs to safe areas. Those working offshore will attend special courses on helicopter escape, use of life jackets and survival craft, and escape through smoke. There are often opportunities for workers to volunteer as fire officers or firest aiders, and special training is given.

 

Categories of safety signs

Safety signs are divided into categories according to the type of message they are intended to convey. Each category is assigned a specific format and set of colours.

Prohibition Signs

These signs should be used to convey “Do Not” type commands.For example, to indicate that smoking is not allowed or that, where a particular material reacts dangerously with water or water should not be used to extinguish a fire. In the workplace they should be used to reinforce instructions prohibiting dangerous activities. Such instructions, however, should also form part of the employees training. Signs prohibiting an activity consist of a circular red band and single diagonal cross bar descending from left to right at an angle of 45 degrees. The background should be white with the pictogram indicating the nature of the command in black.

Warning Signs

These signs should be used to make people aware of a nearby danger. For example, a flammable liquid store or a laboratory where radioactive substances are in use should have an appropriate warning sign near the entrance. These signs are required by the Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations and in specific cases by the Dangerous Substances (Notification and Marking of Sites) Regulations.Signs warning of a particular hazard consist of a black band in the shape of an equilateral triangle. The background within the band should be yellow with the pictogram indicating the type of hazard in black positioned centrally on the sign.

Mandatory Signs

These signs should he used to indicate actions that must be carried out in order to comply with statutory requirements. For example, self-closing fire doors that must be kept closed to comply with the fire risk assessment should be labeled with “FIRE DOOR KEEP SHUT” signs. An area of a construction site where hard hats should be worn should also have appropriate signs at the entry points. It should he noted that the Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations do not apply to mandatory fire instructions, but apply to health and safety mandatory signs where pictograms are required. The minimum regulatory requirement is for the sign to include an appropriate pictogram. There are no pictograms for fire safety instruction signs and although mandatory in the UK through inclusion in the requirements of workplace fire assessments, such signs are not considered as health and safety signs within these Regulations. Thus the familiar white on blue fire safety mandatory signs using text only will remain in place and will not have to be changed.
Fire instruction notices, which list actions that occupants must carry out in the event of a fire are, by convention, written as white text on a blue background but not in the circular format. The colours are used to convey the mandatory nature of the instructions but because of the amount of text normally needed a rectangular format is used. The general mandatory sign of a white exclamation mark on a blue circle may be used in conjunction with a fire instructions notice.
Signs indicating mandatory requirements consist of a blue circle with the pictogram or text in white positioned centrally.

Safe Condition Signs

These signs should he used to indicate escape routes, emergency exits, first aid equipment, emergency showers and the others. Safe condition signs consist of a green rectangle or square with the pictogram or text in white positioned centrally. In the same way as for mandatory signs some UK fire safety signs in this category are not required by the Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations For example “PUSH BAR TO OPEN” is not required to comply and there is no pictogram with that meaning. Such signs are still needed for compliance with other UK legislation.

Exit Signs

In order to comply with the requirements of the Building Regulations, every doorway or other exit providing access to a means of escape, other than exits in ordinary use, should be provided with an exit sign. Installation of signs conforming to British Standard will satisfy both the Building Regulations and the Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals Regulations). In general these Regulations will not require any changes where existing fire safety signs containing symbols comply Fire safety signs, notices and graphic symbols.

Provision of exit signs

The regulations place a duty on employers to ensure that safety signs are provided in circumstances where the risk to the health and safety of employees, identified through the risk assessment requirement contained with the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations cannot be entirely, engineered or managed out of the workplace. It should be noted that the Regulations do not require safety signs to be used where there are no significant risks to the health and safety of employees. The issue which then requires to be resolved is whether it is necessary to indicate exits with signs. In arriving at a decision the fundamental issue which will underpin the process is whether the risk of injury or death to employees from a fire within a particular premises is deemed to be significant enough to warrant the provision of signs indicating fire exit routes and final exits. If it is deemed that the risk is not significant then there is no need to install the signs. Thus, for example, a small, single storey premises with one clearly visible exit should not require a fire exit sign because it would be obvious to staff that the door is their only means of access and hence there should not be a significant risk to their health and safety from fire by not signing the door as an exit. However, those buildings with more complex internal layouts incorporating multiple exits, some of which may not be readily visible nor frequently used, or where large numbers of the public congregate, will require fire exit signs. They should be complete with directional arrows, if there is a significant risk of individuals not being able to find their way to a place of safety in the event of a fire.

Summary of Safety Signs

The pictograms are as shown in the regulations and the completed sign must be in accordance with the appropriate colour’s.

Type

Shape

Colour

Pictograms

PROHIBITION SIGNS
These signs prohibit actions detrimental to safety No Smoking

Circular

Triangular

Circular

Rectangular

Rectangular or Circle

Rectangular

Employer's responsibilities

Under the law employers are responsible for health and safety management. The following provides a broad outline of how the law applies to employers.

It is an employer's duty to protect the health, safety and welfare of their employees and other people who might be affected by their business. Employers must do whatever is reasonably practicable to achieve this.

This means making sure that workers and others are protected from anything that may cause harm, effectively controlling any risks to injury or health that could arise in the workplace.

Employers have duties under health and safety law to assess risks in the workplace. Risk assessments should be carried out that address all risks that might cause harm in your workplace.

Employers must give you information about the risks in your workplace and how you are protected, also instruct and train you on how to deal with the risks. Employers must consult employees on health and safety issues. Consultation must be either direct or through a safety representative that is either elected by the workforce or appointed by a trade union.

The main legislation providing for the health and safety of people in the workplace are the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Acts. They apply to all employers, employees (including fixed-term and temporary employees) and self-employed people in their workplaces. The Acts set out the rights and obligations of both employers and employees and provides for substantial fines and penalties for breaches of the health and safety legislation.

Employer’s duties

The employer has a duty to ensure the employees’ safety, health and welfare at work as far as is reasonably practicable. In order to prevent workplace injuries and ill health the employer is required, among other things, to:

• Provide and maintain a safe workplace which uses safe plant and equipment
• Prevent risks from use of any article or substance and from exposure to physical agents, noise and vibration
• Prevent any improper conduct or behaviour likely to put the safety, health and welfare of employees at risk
• Provide instruction and training to employees on health and safety
• Provide protective clothing and equipment to employees
• Appointing a competent person as the organisation’s Safety Officer

Employees’ duties

The duties of employees include the following:

• To take reasonable care to protect the health and safety of themselves and of other people in the workplace
• Not to engage in improper behaviour that will endanger themselves or others
• Not to be under the influence of drink or drugs in the workplace
• To undergo any reasonable medical or other assessment if requested to do so by the employer
• To report any defects in the place of work or equipment which might be a danger to health and safety

Pictograms

The regulations require all signs should use graphic symbols or pictographs to convey its message but it does not prohibit the use of supplementary text. It indicates the intrinsic features required and some are indicated below,

• The shape and colour’s of signboards are set out, in accordance with their specific object (signboards indicating a prohibition, a warning, a mandatory action, an escape route, an emergency or fire-fighting equipment).
• Pictograms must be as simple as possible and should contain only essential details.
• The pictograms used may be slightly different from or more detailed, provided that they convey the same meaning and that no difference or adaptation obscures the meaning.
• The dimensions and colorimetric and photometric features of signboards must be such that they can be easily seen and understood.

 

 

Заключение

Данное методическое пособие выполнено в соответствии с требованиями Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта и программы по дисциплине «Иностранный язык». Пособие разработано для студентов 3 курса всех специальностей и помогает в освоении профессиональных компетенций.

В пособии представлены знаки техники безопасности по категориям, разобраны часто встречающиеся риски при работе на производстве. Пособие содержит адаптированные тексты для дополнительного чтения. Отдельным пунктом выделены лексические упражнения, цель которых – помочь студентам освоить тематическую лексику, прежде чем приступать к изложению темы.

Пособие является частью учебно-методического комплекса «Иностранный язык». Оно может стать базой для создания контрольно-измерительных материалов по указанной дисциплине.

 

МЕТОДИЧЕСКОЕ ПОСОБИЕ

«SAFETY FIRST»

по дисциплине: «Иностранный язык»

 

Уфа

2016.

Аннотация

 

Основная цель данного методического пособия – подготовка студентов к работе на производстве, которая начинается с соблюдения правил техники безопасности. Пособие подготовлено в соответствии с требованиями Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта и примерной программы по дисциплине «Иностранный язык»

В пособии использованы оригинальные англоязычные тексты, частично сокращенные и адаптированные. Для закрепления материала представлен ряд упражнений, которые помогут в кратчайшие сроки расширить и закрепить лексику, необходимую при сдаче любого экзамена по технике безопасности как на английском так и на русском языках.

 

 

Содержание

 

1. Введение…………..………………………………………………… 4

2. Категории знаков техники безопасности………………………….. 5

3. Обозначения знаков техники безопасности……………………… 10

4. Лексические упражнения ………………………………………… 12

5. Тексты для дополнительного чтения………………………………. 20

1. Заключение ………………………………………………………… 25
2. Список использованных источников………………………………. 26

 

Safety first

 

The main causes of accidents in the workplace are not dramatic fires and explosions, but very ordinary accidents that can be easily prevented by workers looking out for their own safety and the safety of others. Many of these accidents are minor, but some cause death or serious injury. The most common cause of accidents is from slips, trips and falls, followed by lifting and carrying. Accidents involving cuts, burns, dropped objects, falling from height, and collisions are also common but often avoidable.

The main preventable measure is safety training. All employees in the oil and gas industry go through regular safety training courses to encourage a strong safety culture. For hazardous areas, employees will be issued with personal protective equipment (PPE) which must be worn in signed areas. Safety boots, hard hats, overalls, gloves, and safety glasses are usually a standard issue. In addition, ear protectors and special trades’ equipment such as welding shields, goggles, and gloves will be issued.

Safety signage has to be followed. Signs are classified with different shapes and colours to denote whether they are mandatory, warnings, or giving information. Most signs are independent of language and use standard symbols as ideograms. The meaning of some of these signs is not always immediately obvious and so they should be learnt. Following information signs is practiced in fire drills where workers must follow signs to safe areas. Those working offshore will attend special courses on helicopter escape, use of life jackets and survival craft, and escape through smoke. There are often opportunities for workers to volunteer as fire officers or firest aiders, and special training is given.

 

Categories of safety signs

Safety signs are divided into categories according to the type of message they are intended to convey. Each category is assigned a specific format and set of colours.

Prohibition Signs

These signs should be used to convey “Do Not” type commands.For example, to indicate that smoking is not allowed or that, where a particular material reacts dangerously with water or water should not be used to extinguish a fire. In the workplace they should be used to reinforce instructions prohibiting dangerous activities. Such instructions, however, should also form part of the employees training. Signs prohibiting an activity consist of a circular red band and single diagonal cross bar descending from left to right at an angle of 45 degrees. The background should be white with the pictogram indicating the nature of the command in black.

Warning Signs

These signs should be used to make people aware of a nearby danger. For example, a flammable liquid store or a laboratory where radioactive substances are in use should have an appropriate warning sign near the entrance. These signs are required by the Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations and in specific cases by the Dangerous Substances (Notification and Marking of Sites) Regulations.Signs warning of a particular hazard consist of a black band in the shape of an equilateral triangle. The background within the band should be yellow with the pictogram indicating the type of hazard in black positioned centrally on the sign.

Mandatory Signs

These signs should he used to indicate actions that must be carried out in order to comply with statutory requirements. For example, self-closing fire doors that must be kept closed to comply with the fire risk assessment should be labeled with “FIRE DOOR KEEP SHUT” signs. An area of a construction site where hard hats should be worn should also have appropriate signs at the entry points. It should he noted that the Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations do not apply to mandatory fire instructions, but apply to health and safety mandatory signs where pictograms are required. The minimum regulatory requirement is for the sign to include an appropriate pictogram. There are no pictograms for fire safety instruction signs and although mandatory in the UK through inclusion in the requirements of workplace fire assessments, such signs are not considered as health and safety signs within these Regulations. Thus the familiar white on blue fire safety mandatory signs using text only will remain in place and will not have to be changed.
Fire instruction notices, which list actions that occupants must carry out in the event of a fire are, by convention, written as white text on a blue background but not in the circular format. The colours are used to convey the mandatory nature of the instructions but because of the amount of text normally needed a rectangular format is used. The general mandatory sign of a white exclamation mark on a blue circle may be used in conjunction with a fire instructions notice.
Signs indicating mandatory requirements consist of a blue circle with the pictogram or text in white positioned centrally.

Safe Condition Signs

These signs should he used to indicate escape routes, emergency exits, first aid equipment, emergency showers and the others. Safe condition signs consist of a green rectangle or square with the pictogram or text in white positioned centrally. In the same way as for mandatory signs some UK fire safety signs in this category are not required by the Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations For example “PUSH BAR TO OPEN” is not required to comply and there is no pictogram with that meaning. Such signs are still needed for compliance with other UK legislation.

Exit Signs

In order to comply with the requirements of the Building Regulations, every doorway or other exit providing access to a means of escape, other than exits in ordinary use, should be provided with an exit sign. Installation of signs conforming to British Standard will satisfy both the Building Regulations and the Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals Regulations). In general these Regulations will not require any changes where existing fire safety signs containing symbols comply Fire safety signs, notices and graphic symbols.

Provision of exit signs

The regulations place a duty on employers to ensure that safety signs are provided in circumstances where the risk to the health and safety of employees, identified through the risk assessment requirement contained with the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations cannot be entirely, engineered or managed out of the workplace. It should be noted that the Regulations do not require safety signs to be used where there are no significant risks to the health and safety of employees. The issue which then requires to be resolved is whether it is necessary to indicate exits with signs. In arriving at a decision the fundamental issue which will underpin the process is whether the risk of injury or death to employees from a fire within a particular premises is deemed to be significant enough to warrant the provision of signs indicating fire exit routes and final exits. If it is deemed that the risk is not significant then there is no need to install the signs. Thus, for example, a small, single storey premises with one clearly visible exit should not require a fire exit sign because it would be obvious to staff that the door is their only means of access and hence there should not be a significant risk to their health and safety from fire by not signing the door as an exit. However, those buildings with more complex internal layouts incorporating multiple exits, some of which may not be readily visible nor frequently used, or where large numbers of the public congregate, will require fire exit signs. They should be complete with directional arrows, if there is a significant risk of individuals not being able to find their way to a place of safety in the event of a fire.

Supplementary information signs

These are signs used to provide additional information. In the Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations these are confined to directional arrows. However, they include various text messages as well as arrows under the description of supplementary signs. To comply with the Regulations where a direction indication is needed the minimum requirement is for a supplementary sign in the form of an arrow. The supplementary text messages in the British Standard such as “Water as an extinguishing agent prohibited” will be acceptable under the regulations only if accompanied by an appropriate pictogram. This is entirely consistent with the philosophy of the British Standard. Supplementary signs consist of a square or rectangle in the appropriate colour with the pictogram or text in white and positioned centrally. The colour should be green where the information supplements a safe condition sign, red where It supplements a fire equipment sign or yellow to supplement a warning sign.
There is a minor conflict between the British Standard and the regulations on the permitted colour of supplementary signs. They allow text to be in black on a white background or white on the appropriate colour. The colour alternative is the only option permitted in the Regulations. Thus the Regulations can be complied with by adhering to this option in the Standard.