Match the types of identity thefts with their definitions.

1. bin raiding

2. skimming

3. phishing

4. changing addresses

5. stealing

6. pretexting

 

a. stealing credit/debit card numbers by using a special storage device when processing cards (often in order to make illegal copies);

b. fraudulently gaining access to personal information from financiaal institutions, telephone companies and other sources;

c. taking wallets, mail and other items containing personal information without permission

d. pretending to be a financial institution or company and sending spam or pop messages to get people reveal personal information;

e. sending someone’s billing statements to another location by completeing a change of address form;

f. looking through rubbish for bills and other papers containing detailed information.

 

UNIT 7

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW

ACTIVE VOCAVULARY

own creativity and innovation – владеть творческим потенциалом и инновационными разработками legal rights – законные права intangible products of the intellect – нематериальный продукт разума grant exclusive rights – предоставить исключительные права intangible assets – нематериальные активы copyright – авторское право industrial property – промышленная собственность original creations – исходные создания software – программное обеспечение typography of published editions – печатное оформление текстов copyright holder – владелец авторского права prohibit unauthorized use – запретить несанкционированный доступ infringing on the rights – нарушение прав invention - изобретение for a statutory period of years – на установленный законом срок novel – ранее не существовавший trade mark – торговый знак indicate the identity of a business – указать на конкретную компанию overall presentations – общий вид applicable legislation – соответствующе законодательство distinctive – отличительный от других   an identifier of the origin of the goods – идентифицирующий знак происхождения изделия thereby – в силу этого avoid confusion/deception – избежать путаницы/обмана deception has been deemed – считается, что обман cybersquatting – покупка и регистрация доменного имени, могущего служить торговой маркой, с целью последующей его перепродажи   service mark – знак обслуживания industrial designs – промышленный дизайн product appearance – внешний вид объекта   governed by the statutes – регулируется законом registered owner – владелец регистрации remedies for infringement – средства правовой защиты в случае нарушения result in enforcement actions – привести к принудительным действиям brought against the infringing party – применяемые в отношении нарушившей стороны damages – компенсация ущерба injunction – судебный запрет account of profits – требование отчетности о полученной прибыли extent and nature of the infringement – масштаб и суть нарушения

Intellectual property, often known as IP, is a fast-moving and sometimes complex area of law. It covers a wide range of diverse issues and allows people to own their creativity and innovation in the same way they can own physical property. The term ‘intellectual property’ refers to the group of legal rights (not to the intellectual product itself) connected with the intangible products of the intellect. In other words, under intellectual property law owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of intangible assets. Like other forms of property, intellectual property can be bought and sold.   

IP typically includes two branches, namely copyright and industrial property. The latter includes such major areas as: patent law, trademarks and industrial designs.

Copyrights applies to original creations in the literary, dramatic, musical and artistic fields, sound recordings and broadcasts, including software and multimedia, cable programs, as well as the typography of published editions. Copyright holders possess economic rights associated with their works, including the essential right to prohibit unauthorized use of the works. The most common requirements for copyright protection are that the work must be in material form (i.e. not just an idea) and it must be original in the sense that the work 'originates' from the relevant author. Copyright only provides a partial monopoly in a work, as various rules provide exceptions by which a work may be copied without infringing on the rights of the author.

Patent is a monopoly right in an invention. Patents grant an inventor the right to exclude others from producing or using inventor’s discovery for a statutory period of years, e.g. 20 years in the UK. Most patent legislation requires that a patentable invention: 1) is novel; 2) involves an inventive step; 3) is useful or capable of industrial application; and 4) is an invention. Many things are excluded from patentable subject matter due to unsuitability, public policy and morality.

Registered trade marks are similar to patents in that they provide the holder with an exclusive right to use a 'distinctive' mark in relation to a product or a service. Trade marks are generally names, logos or drawings used to indicate the identity of a business. Trade mark status may also be granted to distinctive and unique packing, color combination, building design, and overall presentations. A common aspect of applicable legislation is that the mark must be distinctive. In other words, it must be capable of functioning as an identifier of the origin of the goods and thereby avoid confusion, deception or mistake. Deception has been deemed to include, for example, the use by another of a domain name that is substantially similar to the trade mark, so-called cybersquatting.

Service marks also receive legal protection but are meant to distinguish services rather than products.

Industrial designs protect elements of product appearance (that is, shape or pattern, not function) resulting from the features of the lines, colors, shape, texture of the product itself or its ornamentation.

Each of the areas is governed by the statutes that set out conditions for creation, the process of registration, rights of the registered owner, remedies for infringement and rights of public to use the property.

Infringement of intellectual property rights may result in enforcement actions being brought against the infringing party. As part of these actions, remedies might include damages, injunctions and account of profits, depending on the right infringed and the extent and nature of the infringement.

 

LANGUAGE FOCUS

1. Give Russian equivalents for the following English words and phrases:

to prohibit unauthorized use to infringe on the rights to avoid confusion/deception legal rights intangible assets copyright industrial property copyright holders statutory period of years trade mark

the origin of the goods cybersquatting service mark remedies for infringement enforcement actions infringing party damages injunction account of profits overall presentations