Vii . Оборот «именительный падеж с инфинитивом»

Этот оборот состоит из существительного ил местоимения (в именительном падеже) и инфинитива, между которыми стоит один из «вводящих» глаголов.

 

These devices known to work properly.

They are known to work properly.

Известно, что эти приборы (они) работают хорошо.

These devices appear to work properly.

По-видимому, эти приборы работают хорошо.

 

1. Если за сказуемым идет инфинитив, проверьте, выражено ли сказуемое одним из вводящих глаголов.

2. Если да, то начинайте перевод такого предложения с «вводящего» глагола. Переведите его неопределенно-личным (известно…) или вводным словом

(по-видимому…).

3. Затем переведите существительное (местоимение в именительном падеже) и инфинитив подлежащим и сказуемым соответственно:

The devices … to work - эти приборы работают

4. Теперь составьте перевод всего предложения:

Известно, что эти приборы работают хорошо.

По-видимому, эти приборы работают хорошо.

 

Чтобы узнавать в тексте такие обороты, заучите следующие глаголы:

to assume to believe to claim to consider to expect to find to hear to know to report to require to say to see to state to suppose to take to think to prove

допускать, полагать полагать, считать  утверждать считать, считаться ожидать, предполагать находить слышать знать (известно) сообщать требовать говорить видеть устанавливать предполагать полагать полагать доказать

is, are assumed is, are believed is, are claimed is, are considered is, are expected is, are found is, are heard is, are known is, are reported is, are required is, are said is, are seen is, are stated is, are supposed is, are taken is, are thought is, are proved

 

Личная форма вышеуказанных глаголов может быть выражена в любом времени страдательного залога (Passive Voice). Следующие глаголы употребляются в действительном залоге (Active Voice):

 

to appear

to seem  > казаться, по-видимому

to happen

 

to prove

              > оказаться

to turn out

 

to be likely > вероятно                (is, are likely)

to be unlikely > маловероятно    (is, are unlikely)

 

to be sure

                 > несомненно

to be certain

 

1. Укажите “вводящие” глаголы. Переведите их:

 

to claim, to be likely, to appear, to get, to use, to turn out, to assume, to apply, to say, to equip, to report, to state, to come, to seem, to be certain, to start, to expect, to know, to take, to va00ry

 

2. Укажите оборот “именительный с инфинитивом”:

 

1. These electrons are said to exist …

2. The atom is assumed to have …

3. The speed of these particles is found to be …

4. The rocket is known to be used …

5. The forces are believed to act …

6. The changes are considered to be …

7. The planet is expected to have …

8. The direction of the current is assumed to be …

9. The speed of these particles seems to change …

10. These conditions are likely to be found …

11. Uranium is likely to exist …

12. The cyclotron appears to develop …

 

3. Переведите, обращая внимание на время сказуемого и форму

инфинитива:

 

1. The results are known to be used …
2. The results are known to have been used …
3. The rocket is found to develop speed …
4. The rocket is found to have developed speed …
5. The rocket has been found to develop speed …
6. The rocket was found to develop speed …
7. The properties of the elements are known to vary …
8. The properties of the elements are known to have varied …
9. Mars is likely to have lost most of its atmosphere …
10. This scientist is supposed to develop …
11. This scientist is supposed to be developing …
12. This scientist is supposed to have developed …

 

4. Переведите на русский язык:

 

1. This experiment turned out to lead to good results.
2. The above mentioned reactions are certain to proceed smoothly.
3. Scientists watched the sputnik received around the Earth.
4. Vacuum tubes are assumed to be basic elements in numerous technical devices now in use.
5. Lightning was proved to be a discharge of electricity.
6. For a long time the atom was thought to be indivisible.
7. The generator referred to above seems to deliver only a small amount of power.
8. The time required for a computer to solve a problem is likely to be measured in seconds.

 

5. Укажите, в каких предложениях употребляется оборот “именительный падеж с инфинитивом”. Переведите предложения:

 

1. These methods were used to find the angles B and C.
2. The engineer was asked to test this motor.
3. Heat is known to be a form of energy.
4. When a body changes its position it is said to be in motion.
5. Metals are considered as ohmic conductors.
6. Coal is considered to be valuable fuel.
7. Radio appeared at the end of the 19-th century.

 

6. Переведите, обращая внимание на инфинитив в различных

функциях:

 

1. One must know beforehand whether sufficient current will flow through the circuit to perform the work to be done.
2. To find an instrument better suited for our testing was the next problem to be solved.
3. The paper is likely to be of interest to many people.