Look through the text and find the English equivalents to the following words and word combinations; use tem in the sentences of your own.

В качестве примера, говоря по-научному, такой как, и так далее, общеизвестно, таким образом, вышеупомянутый, одновременно, в результате, в настоящее время.

4. Find the participles in the text and define their functions.

5. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the parti­ciple:

1. The girl is finishing her work. 2. The work is being finished by the girl. 3. The girl finishing her work is my sister. 4. Finishing her work, the girl spoke to her friend. 5. The work having been finished, the students went home. 6.Having finished her work, the girl went out. 7. Having been finished in time, the work was given to the teacher. 8. My brother finished his work, his friend having helped him.

6. Compare A. and В. and define the function of the participle.

 

A.	B.
Having brought the dictionaries from the library, the students began to translate the article	T he dictionaries having been brought from the li­brary, the students began to translate the article.

(a) Having finished my translation, 1 gave it to the teacher.

(b) The translation having been finished, I gave it to the teacher.

 

(a) Having finished the experiment, the students left the laboratory.

(b) The experiment having been finished, the students left the laboratory.

7. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Absolute Participle Construction:

1. An object losing its potential power, that power is turned into kinetic power. 2. Water falling from its raised position, power is changed from potential to kinetic. 3. My friend was reading an English article, his brother watching television. 4. Electrical devices find a wide application in every house, a refrigerator being one of them. 5. There being a hydroelectric station at the waterfall, the power of the falling water is used to drive the turbines. 6. The power sources of the world decreasing, the scientists must find new sources of power. 7. There are different sources of power, the sun being an unlimited source of all its forms. 8. Industrial applications of power increasing, more and more power is needed every year.

8. Give short answers to the following questions:

1. Can one form of power be changed into another? 2. Does a generator produce mechanical power? 3. Is the sun an unlimited source of power? 4. Can we employ power directly? 5. Have scientists transformed solar power into electric power? 6. Is potential power the power of motion? 7. Do we need more and more electric power every year? 8. Are there various forms of power? 9. Do you use electric power every day? 10. Can the power of falling water be used to drive the turbines? 11. Is kinetic power the power of position?

9. Form questions for the following short answer s.

Model: Is the sun an unlimited source of power?-it is.

1. Yes, he does.                      6. No, there are not.

2. No, we do not.                    7. Yes, we must.

3. No, they cannot.                 8. Yes, there is.

4. Yes, I did.                           9. No, you may not.

5. No, it is not.                                 10. Yes, we will.

1.

Yes,

10. Translate the following sentences:

1. Падающая вода может приводить в действие турбину 2. Говоря об энергии, мы могли бы упомянуть потенциальную и кинетическую энергию. 3. Работая в лаборатории, студент пользовался электрическими приборами. 4. Прочитав второй текст, мы начали переводить его. 5. Химические источники тока находят ограниченное применение в промышленности.

State the power change that takes place in each of the following devices.

Model: Motor changes electrical power into mechanic: power.

1. generator, 2. lamp, 3. battery, 4. washing machine 5. electric furnace, 6. vacuum cleaner, 7. semiconductor

Describe Fig 1.

Retell the text.

LESSON THREE

ATOMIC POWER

Man has learned to split atoms in order to get great quantities of power. In the XXth century coal was the most important fuel and the  ba­sic source of power.  At present coal and other fuel are replaced by atomic power. Atomic power replacing the present sources of power, we will get more power than we produce today.

The nuclear reactor will pos­sibly be one of the reliable "fur­naces" producing atomic power. Being used to produce power, the reactor produces it in the form of heat. In other words, heat is developed by the splitting of atoms in the reactor. Gas, water, melted metals, and some other liquids circulating through the reactor carry that heat away. The heat may be carried to pipes of the steam-generator containing water. The resulting steam drives a turbine, the turbine in its turn driving an electric genera­tor. So, we see that a nuclear power station is like any oth­er power plant but the familiar coal-burning furnace is replaced by a nuclear one. However, a ton of uranium (nuclear fuel) can give us as much power as 2 1/2 to 3 million tons of coal.

The first industrial nuclear power plant in the world was constructed in our country in 1954. It has already been working for many years. One may mention here that the plant in question was put into operation two years earlier than the British one and three and а half years earlier than the American nuclear power plants.

The Beloyarskaya nuclear power station in the Urals may serve as another example of the peaceful use of atomic power in Russia. Russian scientists and engineers having achieved a nuclear super-heating of steam directly in the reactor itself, it is certainly a new important contribution to nuclear engi­neering. By the way, such a nuclear super-heating of steam directly in the reactor before it is carried into the turbine was achieved for the first time in the world.

We may mention here another important achievement. It is the first nuclear installation where thermal power gener­ated in the reactor is transformed directly into electric power.

Exercises