Read the following passage carefully:

The Listening Text:

 

Narrator:
Most people love their mobile phone, but some people are worried about the effect that mobile phone signals might have on our health. These signals are sent to and from our mobile phones and mobile devices all the time. Scientists think that the signals are too weak to do any damageto our health. However, mobile phones have not been around long enough for scientists to be certainof this. For that reason, parents of children with mobile phones should gettheirchildrentolimit the amount of time they spend using them. They should also get them to turn off their mobile phones when they go to sleep, or to put them in a different room.

 

Although mobile phone signals are weak, the signals sent from mobile phone masts are much stronger. Some people who live near mobile phone masts, in particular, worry about what the radio waves might do to them. These waves are very powerful and can travel for many kilometres. They can pass through buildings, so they can easily pass through our bodies too. Many people who live close to masts have complained about feeling tired, getting headaches and even getting forms of cancer. But is there really a link between illnesses and radio waves?

 

It seems that there is no proof that radio waves make people ill. In 2014, scientists did an experiment in England. They had ten students move into a house with a mobile phone mast in the garden. They had the mobile phone mast turned on ten days after the students moved in. However, the students thought that the mast was on all the time and they told the scientists that they felt ill. The result of the experiment seems to show that the cause of illnesses might be worrying about the effects of phone masts, rather than the radio waves themselves.

 

However, to be safe, scientists believe that we should have mobile phone masts installed in high or remote areas wherever possible. It’s probably a good idea for people who live close to mobile phone masts to get their health checked frequently, too.

 

Follow this advice and you will be able to get things done on your mobile phone without worrying about your health.

Reflexive Pronouns

 

§ الضمائر المنعكسة هي:

   Singular مفرد: myself   yourself herself himself itself

   Plural جمع  : ourselves yourselves themselves

§ يستخدم الضمير المنعكس عندما يكون المفعول و الفاعل واحد:

§ He hurt himself.                     § He bought himself a new shirt.

§ She looked at herself in the mirror.

§ Hala cut herself when she was peeling يقشر the potatoes.

§ I don’t want you to pay for me. I ’ll pay for myself.

§ يستخدم الضمير المنعكس للتأكيد ويأتي إما بعد الفاعل أو بعد المفعول:

§ I myself did the job. / I did the job myself.

§ ‘Who mended your bike?’ ‘Nobody. I repaired it myself.

§ I am not going to do your homework. You ’ll have to do it yourself.

 

§ في حالة استخدام الضمير المنعكس للتأكيد بعد المفعول ممكن نستخدم قبله BY وممكن من غير BY

· He did the job himself.

= He did the job byhimself.

= Hehimself did the job.

لكن في حالة استخدام الضمير المنعكس بعد فعل لازم (بدون مفعول) لا بد من استخدام BY قبله:

· He livedbyhimself.

· She died all byherself.

يمكن استخدام الضمائر المنعكسة كمفعول مع معظم الأفعال المتعدية (معها مفعول) وأكثر هذه الأفعال شيوعاً ما يلي:

amuse blame cut dry

يسلي يلوم يجرح يجفف

enjoy help hurt introduce

يقدم

kill prepare satisfy teach

يُجهز يلبي

· She introduced herself to everyone.

· Don't blame yourself. It's not your fault.

لاحظ عدم استخدام الضمير المنعكس مع الأفعال اللازمة طالما تعبر عن شيء من المعتاد القيام به

· He washed in cold water.
· He always shaved before going out in the evening.
· Michael dressed and got ready for the party.

ولكن استخدام الضمير المنعكس مع الأفعال السابقة للتأكيد فقط، وليست كمفعول

· He dressedhimself in spite of his injuries.
· She’s old enough to washherself.

  § يستخدم الضمير المنعكس بعد by  بمعني "بمفرده " أو "بدون مساعدة":

 by myself = on my own = alone / without any help

§ I went to the cinema on my own. = alone = by myself

§ Did you paint that picture on your own? = without any help = by yourself.

 

§ لا تستخدم الضمائر المنعكسة بعد حروف الجر الخاصة بالموقع أو المكان أو الاتجاه:

§ She put her bag next to her.           § The car was coming fast towards him.

§ She took her dog with her.

 § يمكن أن نستخدم الضمائر المنعكسة بعد كثير حروف الجر مثل  after / for / on وغيرها

§The children are old enough to look afterthemselves.

§Try to depend on yourself.

§ يُستخدم الضمير المنعكس oneself ليشير الي الضمير one بمعني المرء أو الإنسان:

§Talking to oneself is the first sign of madness.

بعض الأفعال يحدث فيها تغيير بسيط في المعني عند استخدام ضمير منعكس بعدها كمفعول

· Would you like to helpyourself to another drink?
= Would you like to take another drink?

 

· I wish the children would behavethemselves.
= I wish the children would behave well.
· He foundhimself lying by the side of the road.
= He was surprised when he realised that he was lying by the side of the road.
· I sawmyself as a famous actor.
= I imagined that I was a famous actor.
· She applied herself to the job of mending the lights.
= She worked very hard to mend the lights.
· He busiedhimself in the kitchen.
= He worked busily in the kitchen.
· I had to contentmyself with a few euros.
= I had to be satisfied with a few euros.

 § لاحظ الفرق بين: On his own Of his own &

on his own = alone / without help

 

§ My aunt lives on her own.          

§ Don’t help him. Let him do it on his own.

Of his own = belonging to him and to no one else تدل علي الملكية

 

§ I’d like to have a car of my own.               § He’s got no ideas of his own.

 

§ Idioms with reflexive pronouns: تعبيرات معينة تستخدم فيها الضمائر المنعكسة

 

§ Enjoy yourself = have a good time

§ Help yourself = take what you want

§ Make yourself at home. = behave freely as if it were your own home

§ He made a name for himself. = He became famous أصبح مشهورا

Take care of yourself

§ Behave yourself = be polite /behave well كن مهذبا

Passive questions

§ نحول السؤال إلى جملة        § نحول الجملة إلى  passive ثم إلى صيغة سؤال

§ Did the storm damage the crops?   

·The storm damaged the crops.   

·The crops were damaged by the storm.

· Were the crops damaged by the storm?

§ أو نتبع القواعد الآتيــة:

§ إذا كان السؤال يبدأ بـ do / does

Ё am/is/are + obj. + PP. + by + الفاعل

 

§ Does this company employ many people?            

Are many people employed by this company?

 

§Do they speak Spanish in Ecuador?

-(They speak Spanish in Ecuador.)

-(Spanish is spoken in Ecuador.)

Is Spanish spoken in Ecuador?

§ إذا كان السؤال يبدأ بـ did

 

Ё Was/Were + obj. + PP.

§ Did they attack the enemy?                 

· Was the enemy attacked?

 

§ Where did she keep the books?

-(She kept the books.)

-(The books were kept.)                 

· Wherewere the books kept?

 

Ё Present Continuous: في حالة المضارع المستمر

Am / Is / Are + obj.+ being + PP.

 

§ Are they interviewing the applicants?

· Are the applicants beinginterviewed?

 

 

§Why are they carrying out this project?

-(They are carrying this project).

-(This project is being carried).

  ·Why is this project being carried out?

Ё Past Continuous: في حالة الماضي المستمر

Was / Were + obj. + being +PP.

§ Was she mending the bike?           

· Was the bike being mended?

 

§ Why were the police following him?

-(The police were following him.)

-(He was being followed by the police.)           

· Why was he beingfollowed by the police?

 

Ё Present Perfect    في حالة المضارع التام

Have/Has + obj. + been + PP.

 

§ Has she washed the dishes? 

· Have the dishes been washed?

 

Ё Past Perfect: في حالة الماضي التام

Had + obj. + been + PP.

 

§When had Sarah finished the report?

When had the report beenfinished?

 

ЁModal Verbs (في حالة الأفعال الناقصة)

Will/Can/May/Should….+ obj. + be + PP.

§ When will they reduce traffic congestion?  

 ·When will traffic congestion bereduced?

§ How much should they pay for the house?

How much should be paid for the house?

§ في حالة وجود Who ، تستخدم  by في نهاية السؤال المبني للمجهول

§ Who discovered this island?       

·Who was this island discoveredby?

 

§ Who has stolen the documents?          

·Who have the documents been stolen by?

Exercises on Grammar

Choose the correct answer:

1. I am teaching (I – me - myself – herself) to play the piano.

2. They had to cook for (themselves – yourself – yourselves – itself).

3. He was feeling very sorry for (he – himself – itself – oneself).

4. She walked home by (her – she – herself – themselves).

5. I baked the bread (my – me – him – myself).

6. She mended the car (by her – herself – her – myself).

7. We need a recent photo of (yourself – himself – itself – myself), and fill in this form, please

8. I don’t let my kids (to watch – watching – watched – watch) violent movies.

9. Our boss doesn’t permit us (to eat – eat – eating – eats) lunch at our desks.

10. After Ali broke the neighbor’s window, his parents made him (to pay – paid – paying – pay) for it.

11. He had Nora (make – to make – making – makes) us all some tea.

12. Peter always makes his brother (tidying – to tidy – tidy - tidied) their beds.

13. The Harrisons (have – to have – having - had) the painter paint their house every year.

14. Hind got her older sister (watch -to wash – watched – watching) her clothes yesterday.

15. The boss made him (wearing – wear – to wear - wore) a suit, though he wanted to wear sportswear.

16. The manager got his secretary (to type – type – typing - typed) the documents.

17. If he does not do this work on time willingly, his boss will (make – allow – permit – get) him do it.

18. Mum does not let me (to have – had – has - have) sweets very often.

19. Good-bye, Eduardo and Maria. Please take good care of (yourself – yourselves – themselves - myself).

20. My sister looked at (ourselves – themselves – herself - oneself) in the mirror and then combed her hair.

21. When I have no one to talk to, I talk to (itself – herself – themselves - myself).

22. Have you ever asked (yourself – you – your - myself) this question: ‘Why is the sky blue?’

23. Mary prepared (she – her – hers - herself) for the speech by looking at the notes she had made.

24. Oh no! I just spilled a drink on (yourself – herself – myself - itself). I’ll have to change my clothes.

25. Why don’t we give (us – ourselves – ours - yourself) a few minutes to rest before we leave?

26. (Have – Did - Were – Was) the children taken on a trip?

27. (Had – Were – Has – Was) the room being painted when you arrived?

28. Have all the employees (given – to give – give - been given) a pay rise?

29. Will the new bridge (inaugurate – inaugurated - be inaugurated – be inaugurating) by The President?

30. Why has the film (been banned – banned – banning – to ban) by the government?

31. When (has – had - was – were) the plane hijacked?

32. (Has – Was – Is – Are) the oven been cleaned yet?

33. Milk and honey can help you (falling – fall – fallen – falls) asleep at night.

34. Did you finally get them (going – gone – go - to go) to bed by 9? They should sleep at least 10 hours every night.

35. The museum guide made everyone (leaving – leave to leave - left) the building after the fire alarm went off.

36. We got out of the water and dried (himself – myself – ourselves – itself).

37. I am going to the shops to get (me – myself – himself – herself) some tennis shoes.

38. I love you for (you – me – yourself – itself), not for your money.

39. The manager spoke to me (myself – themselves – her – herself).

40. The house (itself – it's – themselves – its) is nice, but the garden is very small.

41. I'll go and see the minister (him – his - himself – ourselves) if I have to.

42. I often like to spend time (of my own – by myself – by himself – by itself).

43.  You can do that by (your own – alone – yourself – me). You don't have to ask for help.

44. These facts are unimportant in (themselves – itself – them – oneself), but if you put them together, they may mean more.

45. One has to learn to control (yourself – myself – oneself – itself).

46. I must have my watch (repairing – repairs – repair – repaired).

47. I'll have someone (decorate – decorated – decorating – decorates) my flat.

48. She got someone (paint – painted – to paint – painting) the house.

49. She is having the computer (to fix – fixes – fixed – fix).

50. We are going to have the carpenter (make – to make – made – makes) some shelves for us.

51. I think you should have your doctor (looking – look – to look - looked) at that cut on your arm. It looks serious.

52. We got our neighbours (look – looking - to look – looked) after our dog while we were away.

53. Have your friend (called – to call – calling - call) me if he has any other questions.

54. We need to have our computer (checked – checking – to check - check) out for viruses.

55. I had to have my digital camera (fixing – to fix – fixes - fixed) after I dropped it in the water.

56. They had it (to do – done- doing - does) by the same person who decorated their old house

57. I had my car (servicing – to service – serviced - service) a fortnight ago

58. They couldn't (get – have – make - do) anyone to fix their burst pipes

59. He (has had – had – is having – will have) tickets sent to his home address yesterday

60. She didn't have time to get to the shops and (get her film developed – develop her film – the film is developed – developing the film).

61. Does your tooth still hurt? Yes, I have to get a dentist (to look – look – looking – looks) at it soon.

62. Have your assistant (send – sent – sending – to send) these letters immediately!

63. We usually (make – get - have – help) the bedroom redecorated every two years.

64. Sarah isn't making her own wedding dress; she (is having – has had – had had – was having) it made by a designer in Italy.

65. Have you ever had anything (to steal – stole - stolen – stealing) from your house?

66. Your hair is too long. You need to have it (cut – cuts – cutting – to cut).

67. I'm going to do my food shopping online and I'm going to have the food (delivering – delivered – t deliver – delivers) to my house.

68. If you can't see properly, you should (have – make – do – take) your eyes tested.

69. Are they going to paint the kitchen themselves or are they going to have it (painting – paint – painted – to paint)?

70. We always get our clothes (washed – to wash – washing – washes).

71. I (get - had - have – will have) my teeth checked yesterday.

72. Ali is getting his car (repaired – repairing – to repair – repairs).

73. Did you have your meal (to prepare – preparing – prepared – prepares)? –No, I didn't have it prepared. I prepared it myself.

74. Fareeda had the dentist (to pull - pull – pulling – pulled) out her bad tooth.

75. The park manager wants to (make – do – help – have) the plants watered every day.

76. Lamia will have some workmen (to decorate - decorate – decorating – decorated) her house.

77. The PE (physical education) teacher had us (running – runs - run – have run) around the playground 4 times.

78. If you don't know how to use the computer, (get – have – make – wait) your older brother to help you.

79. How often do you get your teeth (checked – check – checking – checks) at the dentist's clinic?

80. We are eating in a restaurant tonight because my parents (have – were having - are having – has) the kitchen painted.

81. Ali (gets – is getting – has – had) his eyes tested last week and now he needs to wear glasses.

82. Can I borrow your bike? I can't use mine because I (am having – was having – had had – to have) it repaired.

83. My mother usually gets me (tidying – tidied - to tidy – tidy) my room at the weekend.

84. Ali's homework was not very good, so the teacher had him (do – to do – doing – had done) it again.

85. The manager (had – made – got – get) a technician to install a new computer programme.

86. Peter is going to the stadium this afternoon. Let's get him (buy - to buy – buying – bought) some tickets for next week's match.

87. We don't always have our car (washing – to wash – washes – washed).

88. Ahmed (is having – would have - had – has had) his house painted last week.

89. My parents usually (get – have – make – let) someone to water the plants at the weekend.

90. Tarek has his photos (printing - printed – to print – prints) after he takes them.

91. When my cousins were in England, my uncle had some money (being sent – send - sent – was sent)to them.

92. I (have – am having – to have – let) my teeth checked twice a year.

93. Why (didn't – wasn't – hasn't – won't) I informed of the change of plan?

94. Have my letters (to post – posting – posted – been posted)?                      

95. When (was - were – did – were being) the ancient Egyptians build the Pyramids? 

96. Why have they never (been sent – did send – sent – to be sending) her a reply?    

97. What (is doing – does – is being done – has done) to reduce pollution?    

98. (Am I – Do I – Were I – Had I) have to pay this bill?                                      

99.  What time will the meeting (hold – be holding – be held – to hold)?                  

100.  When (were – did – have been – had been) they send the e-mail?            

Communication Skills: Asking for and giving facts

 

Asking for facts	Giving facts
I heard that the ancient Egyptians had illnesses that were similar to ours today. Is that correct/true?	It is possible that…
Could/Can you tell us something about what was eaten at this time?	It is a well-known fact that…
And is it true/right that they did not eat much meat?	We can be confident that…
Is it possible/Do you mean that only rich people ate meat?	We can't be sure of this, but…
And do we know/Can we tell if the ancient Egyptians had doctors?	What is certain is that…

 

Test 1 on Unit 8

A- Vocabulary and Structure

Choose the correct answer:

1- We've got to get our neighbours (to stop – stop – stopping - stops) having loud parties every weekend.

2- The doctor is only allowing people who are family members (to visit – visit – visiting - visited) the patient.

3- The teacher had everyone (to write – written – write - wrote) a story about a special childhood experience.

4- Just wait here. I'll have someone (brought – brings – bring – to bring) your suitcases up to your room.

5- The students got the teacher (postpone – postponing - to postpone - postpones) their test until the following week.

6- Where did you get your car (to repair – repaired – repairing - repairs)? We need some work done on our Toyota and we're looking for a good mechanic.

7- Finding a cure for (cancer –fever – malaria – headaches) is one of the biggest challenges facing medical researchers today.

8- Unlike most systems, this one is very easy to (pull – dwell – fall – install).

9- They planned to build a highway to (link – sink – blink – stink) the two towns.

10- Some people will (earn – win - gain – blame) weight, no matter how hard they try to slim.

11- Firefighters took two hours to (release – please – destroy – pause) the driver from the wreckage.

12- The air is full of millions of (incurable – intolerable - invisible – invaluable) germs.

13- Exposure التعرض to the sun can accelerate يعجل بـ the ageing (mission – task – work – process).

14- The kidney plays a vital role in the (removal – remedial – regional – residual) of waste products from the blood.

15- A red light is usually a (scandal - signal – seasonal – suicidal) for danger.

16- Impure drinking water is a/an (reason - cause – happening – event) of disease.

B- Reading Comprehension

Read the passage then answer the questions:

A panic attack is a sudden feeling of terror. Usually it does not last long, but it may feel like forever. The cause can be something as normally uneventful as driving over a bridge or flying in an airplane. And it can happen even if the person has driven over many bridges or flown many times before.

 

A fast heartbeat, sweaty hands, difficulty breathing or a lightheaded feeling are signs of what is known as a panic disorder. The first appearance is usually between the ages of eighteen and twenty-four. In some cases it develops after a tragedy, like the death of a loved one, or some other difficult situation.

 

In the United States, the National Institute of Mental Health says more than two million people are affected in any one-year period. The American Psychological Association says a panic disorder is two times more likely in women than men. And it can last anywhere from a few months to a lifetime.

 

Some people who suffer a panic attack develop a phobia, a deep fear of ever repeating the activity that brought on the attack. But experts say a panic disorder can be treated. Doctors might suggest anti-anxiety or antidepressant medicines. Talking to a counselor could help a person learn to deal with or avoid a panic attack. There are breathing methods, for example, that might help a person calm down.

 

A panic disorder is included among what mental health professionals call anxiety disorders. A study published last week reported a link between anxiety disorders and several physical diseases. It says these include thyroid disease, lung and stomach problems, arthritis, migraine headaches and allergic conditions.

 

Researchers at the University of Manitoba in Canada say that in most cases the physical condition followed the anxiety disorder. But, they say, exactly how the two are connected remains unknown.

Choose the correct answer:

1-The writer tells us that a panic disorder -------------------.

a) is fatal        b) is curable        c) is incurable d) leads to death

 

2-The relationship between anxiety disorders and physical diseases---------.

a) hasn't been established yet       b) is quite known

c) does not exist at all                d) affects two million people

 

3-The best title to this passage is:

a) allergic conditions                       b) antidepressants

c) physical diseases                         d) mental and physical effects of panic

 

4-People who suffer from panic disorders should seek the help of --------.

a) Surgeons b)researchers c) counselors d) paramedics

 

Answer the following questions:

5-How long can a panic disorder last?

6-Why do you think more women than men have a panic disorder?

7-Find words in the passage which mean:

a) with nothing exciting or unusual happening

b) someone whose job is to help and support people with problems

8-What does the underlined word 'it' refer to?

 

C- Writing

Write an email of about 180 words to your English friend Robert, inviting him to visit Egypt. Your name is Ahmed and your email address is: [e-mail]. Robert's email address is: [e-mail]

A) Translate into Arabic:

1-The food crisis is affecting over three billion people—almost half the world’s population. The cause of the present crisis is food price inflation.

2-Protecting endangered species and cleaning lakes and seas has a positive effect on the environment.

B) Translate into English:

1- الذين يعيشون في المدن معرضون لأخطار التلوث البيئي أكثر ممن يعيشون في الريف.

2- لا بد من بذل المزيد من الجهود لحماية الأنواع النادرة من النباتات والحيوانات من الإنقراض.

Test 2 on Unit 8

    A- Vocabulary and Structure

Choose the correct answer:

1- Instead of buying a new bicycle, why don't you have your old one (to fix – fixing – fixed – being fixed).

2- Can you help me (paint – painting – painted – to painting) my living room next weekend?

3- My mom always makes me (cleaning – to clean – clean -cleaned) up my room on Saturday mornings.

4- We had our landlord (fix – to fix – fixes - fixed) the broken window.

5- We got the computer guy (installing - to install – to have installed - install) the new software for us.

6- Your car engine is making some strange sounds. Why don't you have a mechanic (looking – looked – look – to look) at it?

7- She spent a considerable (mount – count – discount – amount) of money on clothes.

8- I have been working all day, but I feel as if I have (chained - achieved – charged – challenged) nothing.

9- (Annually – Manually – Gradually – Punctually), she realized that he wasn't telling her the truth.

10- The (ends - results – faults – salts) of the opinion poll showed that most women supported this action.

11- I've asked my neighbour to (water – alter – barter – enter) the plants while I'm away.

12- You should check the plant for any (impossible – incredible - visible – admirable) signs of disease.

13- Where (did the money hide – has the money hidden – was the money hidden – can the money hide)?

14- When (did the shopping do – will the shopping be done – can the shopping do – would the shopping do)?

15- My elder brother had me (mending – mended – to mend – mend) the bicycle for him.

16- The surgeon hadthe nurse ( take – taken – took – takes) the patient's temperature.

B- Reading Comprehension

Read the passage then answer the questions:

            Despite the many medical advances made in recent times, there is still no widely accepted theory on why we age. One hypothesis is that as we age, our internal organs gradually lose their ability to function effectively. Therefore, if our immune or nervous system degrades, the result could produce characteristics that we normally associate with aging.

 

A related theory considers cell division, and states that our cells can only divide a limited number of times before dying. This has been proven with certain cells grown in culture in laboratories. Thus, it may be that as cells reach their reproductive limit and die, the body ages. This limit can also be affected by genetic mutations which can shorten the cell’s lifespan. The only exception to this is, unfortunately, cancer cells, which seem to be able to reproduce indefinitely. There is exciting research being conducted now that looks at how cancer cells reproduce. The aim, of course, is to find a cure for cancer, but if we could find a way to stimulate the body’s healthy cells to reproduce indefinitely, or at least extend the number of times they divide, then a side benefit of such research could be much longer, and healthier lives.

 

B) Answers the following questions:

5. How many theories does the author present on aging?

6. What is the primary focus of cancer research?

7. What is the difference between cancer cells and healthy cells?

8-Find words in the passage which mean:

a) A quality of something or someone

b) A place where scientific experiments are carried out

 

C- Writing

Write an essay of about 180 words about:

“The best ways to improve Egypt’s economy”

A) Translate into Arabic:

1-Pesticides and insecticides seriously upset the balance of nature and may cause some diseases.

2-A quarter of an aspirin tablet, taken in regular doses, can be enough to prevent heart attacks.

B) Translate into English:

1-يمكنك أن تحقق كل أهدافك في الحياة اذا تحليت بالصبر والإرادة القوية.

2-النظافة الشخصية ضرورية للوقاية من معظم الأمراض المعدية.

“Never stop and never sit!
Work hard and stay fit!
Success will come one day,
To those who dream and
never quit!”

References:

1-Hello! Year 3 – Textbook

Collins Dictionary

Macmillan Dictionary

English Grammar Today

Practical English Usage

English Grammar in use

Different websites

Join our group on Facebook:

www.facebook.com/groups/highschoolinegypt

 

Essam Wahba

The Listening Text:

 

Narrator:
Most people love their mobile phone, but some people are worried about the effect that mobile phone signals might have on our health. These signals are sent to and from our mobile phones and mobile devices all the time. Scientists think that the signals are too weak to do any damageto our health. However, mobile phones have not been around long enough for scientists to be certainof this. For that reason, parents of children with mobile phones should gettheirchildrentolimit the amount of time they spend using them. They should also get them to turn off their mobile phones when they go to sleep, or to put them in a different room.

 

Although mobile phone signals are weak, the signals sent from mobile phone masts are much stronger. Some people who live near mobile phone masts, in particular, worry about what the radio waves might do to them. These waves are very powerful and can travel for many kilometres. They can pass through buildings, so they can easily pass through our bodies too. Many people who live close to masts have complained about feeling tired, getting headaches and even getting forms of cancer. But is there really a link between illnesses and radio waves?

 

It seems that there is no proof that radio waves make people ill. In 2014, scientists did an experiment in England. They had ten students move into a house with a mobile phone mast in the garden. They had the mobile phone mast turned on ten days after the students moved in. However, the students thought that the mast was on all the time and they told the scientists that they felt ill. The result of the experiment seems to show that the cause of illnesses might be worrying about the effects of phone masts, rather than the radio waves themselves.

 

However, to be safe, scientists believe that we should have mobile phone masts installed in high or remote areas wherever possible. It’s probably a good idea for people who live close to mobile phone masts to get their health checked frequently, too.

 

Follow this advice and you will be able to get things done on your mobile phone without worrying about your health.

Read the following passage carefully:

 

Food from the air

Everyone has seen plants growing, but have you ever thought where they get their food? In 1652, a European scientist called Van Helmot asked this question. Before this time, it had always been thought that plants must get their food from soil. However, Van Helmot decided to test the theory with experiments.

First, he dried some soil, put it into a pot and weighed it. After a small tree had ben weighed, it was planted in a pot and rain water was added. Then, he had the tree watered regularly with rain water.

After five years, the tree was removed from the pot and weighed again. He found that the tree had gained a huge amount of weight. When he got the soil weighed, however, it was almost exactly the same weight as it had been five years earlier. Van Helmot thought this was strange, but decided that the extra weight of the tree must have come from the water. He did not realise that the tree was being fed by another invisible food.

We now know that plants and trees make their own food. Their leaves are like factories that produce everything they need, so that plants can change the energy from the sun into chemical energy. During this process, oxygen and sugar are produced. The oxygen is released back into the air, and the sugar is used by the plant as food.

Choose the correct answer:

1-It had always been thought that plants got their food from (sunshine – soil – rainwater – air).

2-Van Helmot decided to do his experiments to (prove that what most people thought was right – show that what most people thought was wrong – check people’s ideas – prove that other scientists’ ideas were wrong).

3-The tree was different after the experiment as it (weighed more – had fewer leaves – weighed less – ate more).

4-After his experiment, Van Helmot thought the tree’s extra weight had come from (the soil – water – light from the sun – oxygen in the air).

Answer the following questions:

5-What did Van Helmot want to find out by doing his experiments?

6-What does the underlined word “it” refer to?

7-Why do you think trees are important?

8-Find words in the passage which mean:

a) unusual and unexpected, or difficult to understand

b) to understand a situation

Word Study & Language Notes

 

۩ cause (v) + n يُسبب

· A lot of research shows that smoking can cause cancer.

۩ cause (v) + مفعول  + T0+inf.

· The poor harvest caused prices to rise sharply.

۩ cause (n) + of سبب

· Unemployment is a major causeof poverty.

لاحظ أن cause عادة تستخدم عندما نتحدث عن سبب شي سيء حدث

· Smoking is one of the causesof heart disease.

· What was the causeof the fire?

۩ cause (v) + something + for + someone

· Bad weather iscausing problems for many farmers.

۩ cause (n) قضية (يؤمن بها الشخص ويؤيدها)

He has strongly supported the causeof renewable energy since 1990.

۩ cause for (n/U) داعِ لـ/باعث علي (القلق/الخوف)

There is no causefor concern; she’s going to be fine.

۩ Reason + for + noun // V + ing

· She gave no reasonsfor her decisions.

۩ Reason +why … بعدها جملة

· I’d like to know the reasonwhy you are so late.

۩ Ill = sick

· She has been ill since she was born.

۩ Ill = bad / harmful

· The fish tasted bad, but we suffered no ill effects.

۩ illwith + (a disease)

· She was illwith cancer.

۩ Fallill = be taken ill = become ill

· She was unlucky to fallill on holiday.

۩ illness / disease

· He missed five days of school because of illness.

لاحظ أن كلمة illness تشير أيضاً الي الفترة التي يستغرقها المرض ولذلك يمكن أن نستخدم قبلها صفات مثل short/long/brief

· She died after a shortillness.

۩ install يقوم بتركيب (جهاز)

· He’s getting a phone installed tomorrow.

۩ install يقوم بتثبيت برنامج علي الكمبيوتر

· Installing this software takes several minutes.

۩ install يُنصِّب شخص (رئيساً مثلا)

· He was installed as president last May.

۩ Installation تركيب/تثبيت/تنصيب

· Can you help me with the installation of this new anti-virus software?

۩ Installment قسط/تقسيط

· You can buy this machine in installments.

۩ Link صلة/رابط/علاقة/حلقة اتصال

· Egypt is trying to establish more trade links with some Asian countries.

۩ Link ربط/وصّل/ارتبط

· Scientists now link certain types of cancer to the amount  of junk food that people consume.

· All the computers in this building are linked together.

۩ Link رابط (الكتروني)

· To join our group, click on the link below.

www.facebook.com/groups/highschoolinegypt

۩ Be closely linked with/to something يرتبط ارتباطاً وثيقاً بـ

· Smoking iscloselylinkedto lung cancer.

۩ Sign or Signal?

أحياناً sign تعطي نفس معني signal  = يقوم بعمل اشارة ولا سيما باليد

· The hotel manager signed / signaled to the porter to carry my bag.

· He signed / signaled to me to sit down.

۩ Sign (n) لافتة من الورق أو الخشب أو المعدن مدون عليها تعليمات أو تحذير...الخ

۩ Traffic sign لافتة مرور

· The trafficsign says 90 mph. If you exceed the speed limit,

you’ll pay a fine.

۩ Trafficsignal اشارة المرور

· You must stop when the trafficsignal is red.

۩ Sign بادرة أو علامة أو أثر لوجود أو حدوث شيء

· There is no sign of life on Mars. ليس هناك أثر لوجود حياة علي كوكب المريخ

· Silence is a sign of consent. السكوت علامة الرضا

۩ Sign رمز يمثل شيء (ولا سيما في الرياضيات/رمز أو علامة لعملة)

· The plus sign (+) represents the operation of addition.

+ Addition                      الجمع

̶     Subtraction                  الطــرح

ч Division                        القسمـة

Ч Multiplication             الضـرب

$ dollar sign                    علامة الدولار

۩ Sign دليل علي وجود مرض أو اضطراب (في الطب)

· He had no signof coronavirus infection.

۩ Sign (v) يُوقِع                   ۩ signature توقيع

· He refused to sign the contract. رفض أن يوقع علي العقد

۩ Signin / signout يسجل الدخول / الخروج (من موقع مثلا)

· It’s very easy to signin or out of your Google account.