Key examples to be memorized.

 

It is hot. Is it hot? It is not hot. It’s difficult to get there.

 

 

Illustrative Examples

It is cold.

Is it cold? Yes, it is. No, it is not cold today. It is warm.

What time is it? It is five o’clock.

What date is it today? It is the 7^th of February.

What day is it today? It is Monday.

What month is it? It is October.

Is it far from there? No, it is not. It is near. It is easy to get there.

 

Vocabulary to be learnt

season- пора року	to spend(spent) – проводити
to snow - йти (про сніг)	to enjoy- насолоджуватися
ground - земля	to swim –плавати
pleasant – приємний	to look – виглядати. You look fine today.
to go in for - займатися	to look like – бути схожим to be like -
to skate – кататися на ковзанах	to change – змінюватися
to ski – кататися на лижах	cloud – хмара
sun – сонце	cloudy – хмарно
to shine – світити	dark – темно
warm – теплий	inside – в приміщенні
to appear –з’являтися	outside - зовні, надворі
to become – становитися	windy – вітряно
weather- погода	leaf – лист (leaves)
to rain – йти (про дощ)	little by little – мало помалу
sky –небо	everywhere – всюди
in the open air – на відкритому повітрі	everybody –всі, кожен to freeze - морозити

Grammar

The Impersonal it

	Subject	Predicate	Adverbial modifier
	It	is cold	today
	It	is not cold	today
Is	it	cold	today

 

It

is easy is difficult is impossible

to get there

XI. Practice

Exercise 1. Express your surprise and give short affirmative (negative) answer as in the model.

It is windy today. Is it really windy today? Yes, it is. No, it is not.

Model:

 

1. It is rainy in November. 2. It is easy to learn French. 3. Is it warm in the room? 4. It is cold in winter. 5. It is warm in winter in the Crimea. 6. It is necessary to speak English every day. 7. It is bad weather today.

 

Exercise 2. Object to the sentences. Use the phrases: No, it is not so. I’m afraid you are wrong. I can’t agree with you.

It is two o’clock. No, it is not. It is not 2 o’clock. It is ten minutes past two.

Model:

 

1. It is winter now. 2. It is raining now. 3. It is easy to do this. 4. It is 10 below zero. 5. It is dark in the corridor. 6. It is interesting to read this book.

 

Exercise 3. Translate into English.

1. В кімнаті холодно. 2. Тут темно. 3. Тепло. 4. Цікаво читати цю книгу. 5. Зараз йде дощ. 6. Взимку часто йде сніг. 7. Мені важко перекласти цей текст. 8. Необхідно прочитати цю статтю. 9. Неможливо зрозуміти, що він хоче сказати.

 

Grammar.

Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs

Positive degree	Comparative degree	Superlative degree
long big easy	longer bigger (than) easier	the longest the biggest the easiest
beautiful difficult	more beautiful more difficult	the most beautiful the most difficult
good (well) bad (badly) much, many little	better worse more (than) less	the best the worst the most the least

as … as – такий … як (так само … як)

not so … as - не такий … як,(не так …як)

the more …. the better - чим більше … тим краще

 

Exercise 1. Translate the following sentences:

1. You are taller than me. 2. We started earlier than you. 3. He was more careful than she. 4. This student is the most attentive in our group. 7. Better late than never. 8. She was not so attractive as her mother. 9. His work is as difficult as mine. 10. The more we learn, the more we know.

 

Exercise 2. Fill in as…as, so …as or than

1. Our house is not … big … yours. 2. The new cinema is much bigger … the old one. 3. This text is easier … that one. 4. The house I live in is … old … yours. 5. My composition is not … long … hers. 6. Mike is … tall … Peter.

 

I. Practice

Exercise 1. Object to the following sentences as in the model. Use the phrases: I don’t agree with you… On the contrary. It’s not quite so.

This text is as interesting as that one. I don’t agree with you. This text is not so interesting as that one. This text is duller than that one.

Model:

 

 

1. In Kislovodsk it is as hot as in Sochi. 2. This boy is as tall as that one. 3. The weather is as cold today as it was yesterday. 4. This lesson is as difficult as that one. 5. Our flat is as large as yours. 6. Books in Ukraine are as expensive as books abroad. 7. I am busy today as you are. 8. This story is as long as that one.

 

XII. Reading and Comprehension

Read and translate the text.

The Seasons and the Weather

There are four seasons in a year: spring, summer, autumn and winter- Every season lasts about three months.

Winter usually begins in December and ends in March. It is cold in winter and it often snows. There is much snow on the ground. It gets dark early in the evening. It gets light late in the morning. In winter we have the shortest days and the longest nights. It is difficult and unpleasant to get up early in the morning in winter because it is dark and cold.

But winter is a good time for sports. In winter we can go in for such kinds of sport as skating and skiing. It is very pleasant to go skiing in the country on a bright sunny day. At the end of winter the sun begins to shine as brightly as in spring, but it is not so warm as in spring yet.

Spring comes at the end of March. The sun begins to shine more brightly, the days become longer and the first spring flowers appear everywhere. Everything is so fresh and so beautiful, even the people look younger. Everybody enjoys the beginning of spring. Most people say that spring is the best season of the year.

At the beginning of spring it is still cold, but at the end of it, it gets much warmer. Sometimes it rains. Of course in spring it is much warmer than in winter but it is not so warm as in summer.

Summer is the warmest season of the year. It begins in June and ends in August. In summer it gets light early in the morning and it gets dark late in the evening. In summer we have the longest days and the shortest nights. It often rains but the rain is warm and does not last long. Most people have their holidays in summer and spend a lot of time in the open air. It is not pleasant to stay in town in summer, and most people leave town for the country. We can swim and bathe, we can play tennis and football. We enjoy our holidays if the weather is fine.

After summer comes autumn. Autumn is a beautiful season. Many people say that autumn is the most beautiful season of the year. Autumn is very beautiful at the beginning when it is still warm and the trees are getting yellow and red. They look so beautiful. There are a lot of brown, yellow and red leaves everywhere in the ground. Little by little the days become shorter and the nights become longer. It gets colder and colder. In October and November it often rains. Sometimes it even snows. It gets windy. There appear dark clouds in the sky. Of course it is not so cold as in winter yet, but we know that winter is coming. It is more pleasant to stay inside than to be outside. Some people say that is the worst time of the year.

What is the weather like today?

What weather are we having today? - Яка сьогодні погода?

It is raining (snowing).

It is freezing hard.

It is going to rain (to snow).

It is getting warmer (colder).

The weather is fine (bad, warm, cold, rainy, sunny, coldly, windy)

It is warm (cold) today.

It is raining hard (fast).

It looks like rain – Схоже на дощ.

It is cloudly today. - Сьогодні пасмурно

What a lovely day! – Який гарний день.

It keeps fine. - Стоїть хороша погода/

The weather is going to change for the better (worse).