Предикативные инфинитивные обороты

1. Сложное дополнение, выраженное предикативным инфинитивным оборотом (объектный, инфинитивный оборот) состоит из:

существительного в общем падеже или местоимения в объектном падеже (me, him, her, it,us, you, them)

+ инфинитив

He wanted me o read this book. – Он хотел, чтобы я прочла эту книгу.

We know her to be a good actress. – Мы знаем её как хорошую актрису.

Этот оборот употребляется после глаголов:

to want – хотеть to wish – желать to know – знать to believe – полагать should/would like – хотелось бы

to think – думать to expect – ожидать to find – находить to consider – считать to feel – чувствовать

to see – видеть to notice – замечать to hear – слышать to have – заставлять to make – делать

После глаголов, выражающих физическое восприятие и ощущения, а так же после глаголов to make и to have в значении «заставлять» инфинитив употребляется без частицы to (см. выделенные глаголы).

We heard him come. – Мы слышали, как он пришёл.

We watched them play chess. – Мы смотрели, как они играют в шахматы.

He made me do it. – Он заставил меня сделать это.

2. Сложное подлежащее (субъектный, инфинитивный оборот) состоит из:

существительного в общем падеже или местоимения в именительном падеже (I, you, she, it, we, they)

+ инфинитив

She is known to speak three languages. – Известно, что она говорит на трёх языках.

He is considered to be a good teacher. – Его считают хорошим преподавателем.

He is said to have played tennis well in his youth. – Говорят, он в молодости хорошо играл в теннис.

Субъектный инфинитивный оборот употребляется после следующих глаголов в страдательном залоге:

think, believe – считать, полагать suppose – gпредполагать consider – считать know – pзнать report – сообщать expect – ожидать, полагать mean – иметь в виду

say –говорить make – заставлять hear – слышать see – видеть notice – замечать find – обнаруживать, находить

Задание 16.1. Переведите предложения. Следите за правильностью перевода форм инфинитива.

1. Jane wants to teach you English. 2. Jane wants to be taught English. 3. The girl likes to read. 4. The girl likes to be read to. 5. Grace is happy to have been invited to the party. 6. She is happy to be invited to the party. 7. He was glad not to be noticed. 8. He was glad not to have been noticed. 9. Are you sorry to have left so early? 10. I am sorry to trouble you. 11. I am sorry to have troubled you.

Задание 16.2. Измените предложение, употребив Perfect Indefinite, чтобы показать, что действие, выраженное инфинитивом, произошло в прошлом.

Model: We are glad to see you. – We are glad to have seen you.

1. She is happy to meet you. 2. You are sure to see him in the library. 3. I am glad to be invited to the party. 4. We are glad to hear the news. 5. She is sorry to keep you waiting. 6. She is sure to be admitted to the institute.

Задание 16.3. Измените предложения, употребив Passive Indefinite. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

Model: We are glad to meet you. – We are glad to be met by you.

1. I don’t want to ask about it. 2. She wants to tell the story. 3. I am glad to invite them. 4. I don’t like to interrupt you. 5. He is happy to paint you.

Задание 16.4. Вместо придаточных предложений употребите инфинитив в функции определения.

Model: This is a list of words, which must be learned. – This is a list of words to be learned.

1. We’ll find someone who will help us if you are busy. 2. The work which is to be done by the students includes written translation from English into Russian. 3. The task which is to be fulfilled is clear to us. 4. He was the first who made a report. 5. This is the article which is to be published next month.

Задание 16.5. Определите функцию инфинитива в следующих предложениях. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. To see is to believe. 2. It’s unpleasant to deal with people like Mr. White. 3. Which way to choose is your own business. 4. There is no time to lose. 5. Here are the papers to be signed. 6. He is too young to understand it. 7. I had nobody to talk to. 8. You have nothing to worry about. 9. To live means to struggle. 10. She was the first to offer her help. 11. I dressed and went out to buy the morning paper. 12. I didn’t know what to say. 13. She seemed to know all about it. 14. The text was too difficult to translate. 15. It’s easy to translate this text. 16. I did my best to stop her. 17. She told me she was too tired to go out. 18. Helen will help you to make tea. 19. He didn’t want to be left alone. 20. His greatest wish was to tell her everything. 21. I have no idea how to let them know. 22. Give me something to read on the train. 23. Mr. Jackson was the first to suggest the idea. 24. There are a lot of things to speak about. 25. He is unlikely to come. 26. I’ve got a lot of things to do.

Задание 16.6.

а) составьте предложение, используя объектный инфинитивный оборот.

I want	you	to forget it
She wants	me	to remember that
They want	us	to take care of the children
We want		the proposal to be adopted
They don’t want		the problem to be solved
Would you like		the job to be done right away
I wouldn’t like		the review to be published
We expect		the fact to be proved everything to be arranged

б) переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. I want you to hurry. 2. He wants you to forget it. 3. Do you want me to sing the paper? 4. Which do you wish your son to do, go into business or become a lawyer? 5. They want the installation to be dismanted.

в) переведите предложения на русский язык. Объясните, почему перед инфинитивом отсутствует частица to.

1. He heard the telephone ring. 2. We watched the planes take off. 3. I saw him get on the bus. 4. Have you ever heard him play the piano? 5. Did any of you see him enter the bank? 6. None of us noticed him put the paper in this case.

Задание 16.7. Замените придаточное предложение субъектными инфинитивными оборотами.

Model: It is said that he knows the subject well. – He is said to know the subject well.

1. It is believed that the expedition will return next Sunday. 2. It is supposed that the students have already submitted their term papers. 3. It was said that the performance had been a success. 4. It is said that she is ill. 5. It is know that he has gone to Moscow. 6. It is reported that great construction work is going on in their city. 7. It is known that the seas surrounding this island are shallow.

Задание 16.8. Переведите предложения.

1. He is considered to be an experienced accountant. 2. Mr. Johnson is believed to be studying French. 3. He is believed to have studied English and Spanish in his childhood. 4. Kate was expected to write from Paris. 5. Mr. Hook was believed to be living in Holland. 6. My friend is believed to have lived in Moscow for over ten years. 7. Ten planes were reported to be taking part in this operation. 8. Ten planes were reported to have taken part in this operation. 9. Mr. Russell was known to have expressed his opinion in his letter to management. 10. My aunt is expected to return from Moscow tomorrow.

Сослагательное наклонение

(Subjunctive mood)

Сослагательное наклонение выражает действие, которое не является фактом действительности, реальным действием, а лишь предполагаемым, возможным, желаемым.

В русском языке сослагательное наклонение имеет одну форму – прошедшее время смыслового глагола + частица «бы», например: хотел бы.

В английском же языке в зависимости от того, насколько реально действие, употребляются различные формы сослагательного наклонения.