Випишіть транскрипцію та вивчить слова

alkali щолок

food їжа

supply запас

vaccines вакцина

penicillin пеніцилін

sulfa сульфамід

category категорія

cathode катод

cause причина

caustic soda їдкий натрій

caution передбачливість

cavity порожнина

cell клітина

central nervous system центральна нервова система

chain reaction ланцюгова реакція

competence здібність, вміння

chromosomes хромосоми

proteins протеїни

gene ген

genetic code генетичний код

chemical reaction/ element хімічна реакція/елемент

oxidation окислення

the secrets of living thing секрети живих організмів

the causes of the diseases причини захворювань

great value велика цінність

methods of prevention and cure методи профілактики та лікування

to keep healthy зберігати здоров’я

a great contribution to science великий вклад в науку

a powerful microscope потужний мікроскоп

environment оточуюче середовище

environmental protection захист оточуючого середовища

an unlimited source of resources невичерпне джерело ресурсів

timber ліс

waste products відходи

pollution забруднення оточуючого середовища

to damage the resources наносити шкоду ресурсам

to cause acid rain викликати кислотний дощ

to lead to damage привести до пошкоджень

abuse of arable lands неправильне використання земель

wildlife дика природа

species of animals and plants види тварин і рослин

the effect of the Chernobyl disaster наслідкиЧорнобильської катастрофи

to be under threat бути під загрозою

to get contaminated бути отруєним

to destroy the ozone layer руйнувати озоновий шар

to protect the water, the air and the earth from pollution

захищати воду, повітря і землю від забруднення

to pump waste gases викидати відпрацьовані гази

water shortage нестача води

Модуль 2 «Студент та його оточення»

Практичне заняття № 1

Тема: Переваги Болонського процесу в Україні.

План роботи

1. Робота над текстом. Дискусія по темі практичного заняття.

Bologna process

The purpose of the Bologna processis to create the European higher education area by making academic degree standards and quality assurance standards more comparable and compatible throughout Europe. It is named after the place it was proposed, the University of Bologna with the signing, in 1999, of the Bologna declaration by ministers of education from 29 European countries in the Italian city of Bologna.

The basic framework adopted is of three cycles of higher education qualification. As outlined in the Bergen Declaration of 2005, the cycles are defined in terms of qualifications and ECTS credits:

1st cycle: typically 180-240 ECTS credits, usually awarding a Bachelor's degree.

2nd cycle: typically 90-120 ECTS credits (a minimum of 60 on 2nd-cycle level), usually awarding a Master's degree.

3rd cycle: Doctoral degree. No ECTS range given.

In most cases, these will take 3, 2, and 3 years respectively to complete. The actual naming of the degrees may vary from country to country.

With the Bologna process implementation, higher education systems in European countries should be organized in such a way that:

- it is easy to move from one country to the other (within the European Higher Education Area) - for the purpose of further study or employment;

- the attractiveness of European higher education is increased so many people from non-European countries also come to study and/or work in Europe;

- the European Higher Education Area provides Europe with a broad, high quality and advanced knowledge base, and ensures the further development of Europe as a stable, peaceful and tolerant community benefiting from a cutting edge European Research Area;

- there will also be a greater convergence between the U.S. and Europe as European higher education adopts aspects of the American system.

2. Виконання після текстових вправ

Task l. Write a thesis plan of this text

Task 2. Answer the questions: 1.What is the Bologna process? 2. Name 3 cycles of the Bologna process. 3. What are their frameworks? 4. In what way the educational process will be organize?

3. Робота з граматичним матеріалом: Прикметник. Прислівник. Ступені порівняння.

Ex. 1. Complete these sentences using the correct form of the adjectives given in brackets. Write the number of the sentence and the correct form of the adjective.

1. What is the (large) city in your country? 2. What was the (happy) day in your life? 3. What is the (bad) habit that you have? 4. Who is the (good) student in your group? 5. What is the (expensive) thing that you have ever bought?

Ex. 2. Complete these sentences using the correct form of the adjectives given in brackets. Write the number of the sentence and the correct form of the adjective.

1. My brother is much... than myself (young). 2. The opera theatre is one of... buildings in the city (beautiful). 3. The sound grew... and... (faint). 4. The party was not so... as Ihad expected (gay). 5. I have no one... than you (near). 6. What is the... news? (late) 7. Yesterday I came home... than usual (late).

4. Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням: текст “ What Is a Food Allergy? ”.

Food allergies occur when your immune system makes a mistake. Normally, your immune system protects you from germs and disease. It does this by making antibodies that help you fight off bacteria, viruses, and other tiny organisms that can make you sick. But if you have a food allergy, your immune system mistakenly treats something in a certain food as if it's really dangerous to you.

The same sort of thing happens with any allergy, whether it's a medicine (like penicillin), pollen in the air (from flowers and trees), or a food, like peanuts. So the thing itself isn't harmful, but the way your body reacts to it is.

What's a Reaction Like?

If a kid with peanut allergy would have eaten that peanut-topped brownie, here's what would happen. Antibodies to something in the food would cause mast cells (a type of immune system cell in the body) to release chemicals into the bloodstream. One of these chemicals is histamine.

The histamine then causes symptoms that affect a person's eyes, nose, throat, respiratory system, skin, and digestive system. A person with a food allergy could have a mild reaction — or it could be more severe. An allergic reaction could happen right away or a few hours after the person eats it.

Some of the first signs that a person may be having an allergic reaction could be a runny nose, an itchy skin rash such as hives, or a tingling in the tongue or lips. Other signs include:

tightness in the throat

hoarse voice

wheezing

cough

nausea

vomiting

stomach pain

diarrhea

Список літератури:

1. Барановська Т.В. Граматика англійської мови. Збірник вправ: Навч. посібник. Видання друге, виправлене та доповнене – Мова англ., укр. – Київ: ТОВ “ВП Логос-М», 2007. – 384с.

2. Л.В. Мисик, А.Л. Арцишевська, Л.Р. Кузнєцова, Л.Л. Поплавська. Англійська мова. Комунікативний аспект. / За ред. доц. Мисик Л.В. – Підручник. – К.: Атіка, 2000. – 368с.

Практичне заняття № 2

Тема: Я – студент факультету біології, географії та екології.

План роботи

1. Робота над текстом. Розповідь про факультет, в якому навчається студент.

I am a student of the faculty of Biology, Geography and Ecology. Our faculty is one of the largest in the University. We study different subjects: Biology, Geography, Ecology, Psychology, Sociology, Physiology, Mathematics and many others. Besides these subjects we study Ukrainian, Philosophy and English. We study English to be able to read scientific books on biology, geography or ecology.

There are many departments in our faculty: of biology, geography, ecology. Besides them there are research laboratories and museums. Every student has an opportunity to work in modern, well-equipped labora­tories, where different problems of biology, geography or ecology are under in­vestigation.

Students are acquainted with all branches of biology, geography or ecology. They are lectured in various subjects of this science. During the first two years we attend lectures on ma­thematics, political subjects and foreign languages. In the third year more narrow specialization begins. We have several specialized courses and addi­tional practical and research work in the subject they have chosen as their future specialty. Besides attending lectures we may join some scientific circle and choose a problem to work on according to our bents. All of us know that biology, geography and ecology are the sciences of glorious past and great future. We do our best to acquire as much knowledge as possible.

Graduates of our institute are assigned to work at laboratories, schools, research institutes. Those who have a bent for research work may apply for a post-graduate course of study.

2. Робота над граматичним матеріалом: Числівники. Кількісні та порядкові числівники.

3. Виконання граматичних вправ.

Ex. 1. Read and write the following cardinal numerals.

a) 3, 10, 15, 20, 34, 87, 2, 18, 58, 67, 94, 17, 11, 31.

b) 22, 24, 33, 41, 58, 60, 77, 81, 99.

c) 100, 151, 234, 347, 444, 591, 638, 761, 893, 913.

d) 1.231, 2.815, 3.211, 5.443, 7.018, 4.405.

e) 23.001, 37.000, 85.018, 10.531, 34.001.

f) 134.568, 213.341, 318.012, 405. 000.

Ex. 2. Form, read and write ordinal numerals from the following.

a) 1,3,10,8,12,14,5,9,7,13.

b) 30,21,84,48,52,63,85,99.

c) 123,100,244,315,418,610,713.

Ex. 3. Read and write the following dates.

8/XII, 13/11, 7/I, 25/IV, 10/III, 1/VII, 3/V, 6/VI, 9/IX.

Ex. 4. The nine interesting facts below (A—I) include fourteen numbers. Write these numbers in figures, and then add them all together. The total will give you the number which is missing from the other interesting fact (J).

A. In the USA, twenty percent of the beer drinkers drink eighty percent of the beer.

B. An ant can move ten times its own weight.

C.A newly-born crocodile is about three times as long as its egg.

D. A flea can jump two hundred times the length of its own body.

E. Four out of five five-year-old children are afraid of dogs.

F. The average fifty-year-old man has seven hours' sleep each night.

G. It is nine times lighter during a full than during a half moon.

H. The Earth is about twenty-seven miles thicker at the equator than at the poles.___________

I. If you ask fifty people to name any colour, about thirty of them will say "red".

J. A woodpecker can peck times per minute.

4. Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням: текст “White Cells and Infection”.

The Times

20.12.2012.

White Cells and Infection

By James Rodgers

The other type of blood cells is white cells. White blood cellsare cells in the blood that remove dead cells and microbes. White cells look very different from red cells and have different jobs. A study of white cells shows the following facts.

1. They have nuclei.

2. They are larger than red cells.

3. There are several different kinds of white cells.

White cells have a shorter life span than red cells. White cells may live for only ten days. Some are made in the soft centers of bones, while others are made in certain glands of the body. Unlike red cells, some white cells can move out of the blood vessels into nearby body tissues. White cells move like amoebae. They are one-celled protests that move by changing their shapes. White cells move in a similar way by constantly changing their shapes. Notice in the diagrams how a white cell surrounds and "eats" a bacterium”.

A healthy person will usually have about 8000 white blood cells in a small drop of blood. What would happen if there were a large number of harmful bacteria in the body? If many bacteria are present, the number of white cells can increase to about 20,000 in each drop of blood. This increase may take only a few hours.

5. Виконання пілятекстових вправ.

Ex 1. Make the plan to the text.

Ex 2. Write the annotation to the text.

План анотації

1. Назва статті (матеріалу): The title of the article (material) is…

The head-line of the article (material) is…

1. Автор статті (матеріалу): The author of the given article is…

The material is written by…

1. Джерело інформації (місце, дата видання):

The article was published in “The Times”, 7^th June, 2005.

The source of the material is…

1. Короткий зміст статті: The plot of the article:…

The article is about…

The material is devoted to…

The article deals with…

The author in the article raises a very serious (important, urgent) problem, concerning…

1. Структура статті (кількість абзаців, послідовність викладу матеріалу):

At first (firstly) the author gives information about…

Then the narrator writes about…

Finally he/she concludes that…

1. Цільова аудиторія: The article is written (prepared) mostly for…

It is going to be interesting for…

Список літератури:

1. Барановська Т.В. Граматика англійської мови. Збірник вправ: Навч. посібник. Видання друге, виправлене та доповнене – Мова англ., укр. – Київ: ТОВ “ВП Логос-М», 2007. – 384с.

2. Л.В. Мисик, А.Л. Арцишевська, Л.Р. Кузнєцова, Л.Л. Поплавська. Англійська мова. Комунікативний аспект. / За ред. доц. Мисик Л.В. – Підручник. – К.: Атіка, 2000. – 368с.

3. Гужва Т. М. Англійська мова: Розмовні теми: Навч. посіб. Для студентів фак. інозем. філології, університетів, ліцеїв, гімназій та коледжів. – Харків: Фоліо, 2005. – 414с.

 

Практичне заняття № 3

Тема: Молодіжні організації. Студентські свята. Участь студентів у суспільному житті. Традиції університету.

План роботи

1. Підготовка до розповіді про молодіжні організації України.

A student society or student organization is an organization, operated by students at a university,whose membership normally consists only of students. They are often affiliated with auniversity's students' union. Student societies often aim to facilitate a particular activity orpromote a belief system; although some (explicitly) require nothing more than that a member is a(former) student. Some are not affiliated with a specific university and/or accept non-universitystudents.Typical examples are:

Faculty society - uniting students from one university faculty.

Regional society - uniting students from the same region or hometown.

Debating society - political debates.

Film society - often using lecture theatres to show films cheaply on campus.

Hiking club - organising trips.

International student society - introducing international students to one another.

Music society - student ensembles.

Civil Society - to encourage polite behaviour among future leaders.

Science fiction society - meeting to watch science fiction TV and films.

Taekwondo society, Karate club - meeting to learn martial arts.

2. Виконання інтерактивних вправ по темі.

Ex.1 Complete the following fragments of the dialogue. Read the dialogue and reproduce it.

A. You are said to have entered the Kherson State University.

B. Це дійсно так. Я дуже рада бути студенткою університету, який є одним з найстаріших університетів в Україні.

A. I am awfully pleased to meet you. Next year I’ll try my best to take entrance exams to an institution of higher learning. Be so kind as to tell me a bit about the university.

B. Сьогодні Херсонський державний університет – один з провідних навчальних закладів України, який налічує декілька факультетів. Очолює його професор О. Ходосовцев.

А. That sounds very interesting. But I’d like to learn more about the University. Is it worth studying at?

B. Щорічно понад 2000 випускників закінчують університет. Повний курс навчання триває 5 років. Випускники нашого університету працюють по всій Україні; вони займають відповідальні державні посади, плідно працюють у парламенті та в народному господарстві. Лише випускники з низьким рівнем знань не завжди можуть знайти роботу за фахом.

A. Thank you for a very good interesting talk. Good bye for now. I hope I’ll see you again soon. Now I’m eager to know the faculty you study at. Maybe, I’ll become your faculty-mate in the nearest future.

B. До побачення. Мені час поспішати на лекцію. Через пять хвилин – лекція з неорганічної хімії.

Ex 2. Make up your own dialogues, using the previous dialogue as a model and making some changes. Make use of the following conversational formulas.

Nice/glad to meet you.

How are you getting on?

What’s the matter with you?

What made you come to the decision?

I haven’t seen you for ages.

Its ages since we met last.

There is heaps of time.

I’m tremendously grateful to you.

It’s very (terribly) good of you.

I’m doing well.

Would you like me to take you to…?

…to come back to…

…in other words …

Do you mean to say…?

Ex 3. Role-playing. You are receiving your fellow-students from the University of Oxford. Some of you are ready to tell them about the history of your Alma Mater: the rest are to be ready to answer guests’ questions.

Make use of the following phrases.

As a far as I know; as far as I’m concerned, as a far as I understand; just on the contrary; I dare to say that …; that’s quite wrong; to make a long story short; I am afraid that’s not quite true; talking, speaking of …; personally, I …; if you ask me…; I am inclined to think…; it’s not to the point…; I don’t quite follow you…

3. Граматичні вправи. Види запитань

Ex 1. Put 4 different types of questions to the following sentences:

1. There is a book on the table. 2. He must work hard today. 3. We are leaving for Kyiv next week. 4. We were reading the whole evening. 5. They don't go to work on Sunday. 6. It is not cold today. 7. Ann has already begun to read а new book. 8. We learn English at school. 9. They will show you how to get there. 10. They finished the translation before the end of the lesson. 11.1 didn't feel well that evening. 12. It wasn't difficult to do this task.

Ex 2 Put the questions to the following sentences:

1. Our family lives in a three-room flat.

2. They went to the same school.

3. He will read this book tomorrow.

4. They are playing chess now.

5. Our friend is working now.

6. Her mother is an accountant.

Ex 3Translate the sentences into English:

1. Вам нравится больше английский язык или французс­кий?

2. Он живет в Херсоне или в области?

3. Она его младшая или старшая сестра?

4. Студенты уже сдали экзамены или нет?

5. Петровы поедут летом на юг или на север?

6. Ваш друг учится в академии или в университете?

7. Он знает ее лучше или вы?

4.Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням: текст “Acid Rains”.

Every year more plants and animals disappear never to be seen again. Strangely, it is the most intelligent but most thoughtless animal that is causing most of the problems - man. Nature is very carefully balanced and if this balance is disturbed, animals can disappear very fast. Every day, thousands of species of animals get closer to extinction.

In many lakes the fish are dying. Fishermen are worried because every year there are fewer fish, and some lakes have no fish at all. Scientists are beginning to get worried too. What is killing the fish?

The problem is acid rain. Acid rain is a kind of air pollution. It is caused by factories that burn coal or oil or gas. These factories send smoke high into the air. The wind often carries the smoke far from the factories. Some of the harmful substances in the smoke come down with the rain hundreds of miles away.

The rain in many places isn't natural and clean any more. It's full of acid chemicals. Acid water hurts when it gets into your eyes. It also kills the plants and animals that usually live in lake water. That is why the fish are dying in lakes.

But scientists are finding other effects of acid rain. In some large areas trees are dying. Not just one tree here and there, but whole forests. At first scientists couldn't understand why. There were no bugs or diseases in these trees. The weather was not dry. But now they think that the rain was the cause. Some kinds of trees cannot live in the soil that is very acidic. Now scientists begin to study the effects of acid rain on larger animals. If even deer are hurt by the rain, what about people? It's a very important question for us all.

5. Виконання пілятекстових вправ

Ex.1. Complete the sentences with the only correct ending.

1). This passage is about________________

A. fishing. C. air pollution.

B. acid rain. D. destructive human activity.

2). Every year thousands of species of animals_______________

A. are hunted for their meat and skins. C. starve to death.

B. migrate to other places. D. die out.

3). Acid rain is caused by

A. natural gas. C. acidic lake water.

B. the ozone layer destruction. D. waste of industrial enterprises;

4). Factory smoke____________

A. stays over the factories. C. can travel hundreds of miles.

B. usually clean now. D: turns into air.

5). Scientists think acid rain____________

A. is killing people. C. helps kill bugs.

B. killing trees. D. lessens pollution.

Ex. 2. Choose the correct answer. Which of the following is true?

A. Dead fish in the lakes is the only problem.

B. If we don't make an attempt to stop acid rains we may never see some animals again.

C. Scientists are sure that acid rains are not harmful for mankind.

Ex.3. What was not mentioned in the text?

A. Fish are unable to live in the water containing acidic chemicals.

B. Coal, gas or oil form dangerous combinations after being burnt.

C. Scientists are sure that if some larger animals can be affected by acid
rains, people may be in great danger.

D. Acid rain is capable of destructingsome rocks and stones.

Модуль самостійної роботи:

1. Дієслово to be, to have.

2. Робота над текстом за темою змістового модуля.

Дієслова “to be”, “to have”

Питання для самоконтролю:

1. Граматичні функції дієслова to beв реченні.
2. Форми дієслова to beв англійській мові.
3. Граматичні функції та форми дієслова to have в англійській мові.
4. Вживання дієслова to beв теперішньому, минулому та майбутньому часі.
5. Вживання дієслова to have в теперішньому, минулому та майбутньому часі.

Вправа 1. Вставте дієслово to be в Present, Past або Future Simple.

1. The students... in the Russian Museum.

2. Last month they...in the Hermitage. There... an inter­esting exhibition there.

3. In two weeks they... in the Tretyakov Gallery. They... lucky.

4. My father... a teacher.

5. He... a pupil twenty years ago.

6. I... a doctor when I grow up.

7. My sister... not... at home tomorrow.

8. She... at school tomorrow.

9.... you... at home tomorrow?

10.... your father at work yesterday?

11. My sister … ill last week.

12. She... not ill now.

13. Yesterday we... at the theatre.

14. Where... your mother now? — She... in the kitchen.

15. Where... you yesterday? - I... at the cinema.

16. When I come home tomorrow, all my family... at home.

17.... your little sister in bed now? —Yes, she....

18.... you... at school tomor­row? — Yes, I....

19. When my granny... young, she... an actress.

20. My friend... in Moscow now.

21. He... in St. Petersburg tomorrow.

22. Where... your books now? — They... in my bag.

Вправа 2. Утворіть із поданих стверджувальних речень заперечні та питальні.

1.I am busy today. 2. He is on duty. 3. She is well. 4. We are ready. 5. They are late. 6. Mary was in the country last month. 7. He was a businessman. 8. Peter and John were in the garden.

Вправа 3. Вставте дієслово to have в Present Simple.

1. We … a good flat.
2. My neighbour … a car.
3. They … a TV set.
4. I … eight English books.
5. She … a new dress.
6. You … a good dictionary.
7. Our room … two windows.
8. Many collective farmers … motor cycles.
9. Our teacher … two daughters.
10. I … a very special reason to go there.

Література:

1. Верба Л.Г., Верба Г.В Граматика сучасної англійської мови. Посібник. – Логос, 1997.- 341 с.

2. Голицынский Ю.Б. Грамматика: Сборник упражнений. – 3-е изд. - СПб.: Каро, 2001. – 512 с.