What happens at the end of the MBO period?

At the end of the agreed period, the superior and subordinate meet to review and appraise the subordinate’s performance.

How do we now see the importance of verifiable obj?

At this point we can see the importance of having set variable goals, so that success can be measured, and also the importance of the subordinate’s having shared in setting the objectives, so that he or she will be able to explain any failure.

Why did the subordinate share in setting the goals?

At this point we can see the importance of having set variable goals, so that success can be measured, and also the importance of the subordinate’s having shared in setting the objectives, so that he or she will be able to explain any failure.

What happens after the subordinate’s performance is appraised?

They attempt to identify problems together, to plan solutions for these, and to set new objectives for the following period

How does MBO affect the planning of operations?

The advantages of MBO should be obvious. Instead of simply planning operations, the manager has to plan improvements.

How does a subordinate show that his or her plans are practical?

To ensure that these plans are practical, the manager has to show the methods that he (or she) will use in carrying them.

Why are the mutually agreed objectives recorded?

The superior helps the subordinate set objectives that harmonize with the organization’s overall goals and aren’t too difficult to attain. The mutually agreed objectives are then recorded.

What increases a manager’s motivation for realizing objectives?

The fact that the objectives are written down forces him to recognize his responsibilities, and the fact that he helped set his own goals gives him increased motivation for realizing them

2.2

Why was supervision less important before the Industrial Revolution?

Before the Industrial Revolution supervision was less important because there were small shops with not so many workers

What is the purpose of modern industrial management?

During the last hundred years, however, has industrial management grown into a highly organized set of modern methods for achieving efficiency

In public administration why is efficiency desired?

Efficiency means getting results with the least possible waste of time, effort, and money. Therefore, efficiency is the aim of all management, both public and private

What are the special functions of a top manager?

The manager’s job is to get people to do things efficiently. The top manager manages other managers, chooses and trains them, plans their operations, and checks results.

What is similar about all managers problems?

All managers have practical and complex projects, but they utilize methods based on a growing body of knowledge

What is the purpose of time and motion studies?

Time and motion studies are carried out to improve workers’ efficiency

Do specialists get their training on the job?

Yes, they do. Foremen give on-the-job training to workers

Why is it necessary to supervise the flow of work in manufacturing?

The flow of work is supervised to avoid any unplanned idleness of workers or equipment

What is done for each step in manufacture?

Each step in manufacture is planned in detail and the cost of each step is carefully calculated.

Why do supervisors consult specialists regularly?

Supervisors consult experts regularly in order to master new techniques.

What are some ways of getting greater efficiency from workers?

Personnel managers have learned to obtain greater efficiency from workers by providing rest periods and by improving morale through better heating, lighting, safety devices, cafeterias and recreation facilities-even when these have not been demanded by labor unions.