По формированию навыков работы

Практикум

По формированию навыков работы

Со специальным текстом

И беседы по специальности

 

Учебно-методическое пособие

для студентов 2-го курса

лечебного факультета

ВВЕДЕНИЕ

Медицина – та отрасль, для которой характерны постоянное движение вперед, инновации и, как следствие, динамика профессионального дискурса.

Данное пособие создано с учетом этой специфики. Его цель – развитие навыков чтения аутентичной литературы, как с полным пониманием, так и просмотрового, а также навыков спонтанной и подготовленной речи по медицинской проблематике.

Пособие рассчитано на студентов 2 курса, обучающихся по специальности «Лечебное дело», аспирантов и всех тех, кто интересуется актуальными проблемами и современными векторами исследований в области медицины.

Пособие состоит из 12 основных разделов и 2 глоссариев. Материал разделов пособия соответствует тематике рабочей программы «Иностранный язык специальности» для студентов, обучающихся по направлению подготовки «Лечебное дело» (060101). Каждый из 12 разделов содержит аутентичный текст по актуальной медицинской проблематике, лексические и речевые упражнениями, которые способствуют продуктивному усвоению лексики и дают выход в спонтанную или подготовленную устную речь.

Пособие является источником дополнительного оригинального текстового материала к базовым учебникам.

Содержание

ВВЕДЕНИЕ …………………………………………………………………….

UNIT 1. FLU AND COMMON COLD …………………………………………

TEXT: FLU vs. COMMON COLD.

UNIT 2. PNEUMOTHORAX ……………………………………………………

TEXT: LOUD MUSIC LUNG COLLAPSE WARNING.

UNIT 3. ASTHMA ………………………………………………………………..

TEXT: OVERWEIGHT ‘HIGHER ASTHMA RISK’.

UNIT 4. HYPERTENSION ………………………………………………………

TEXT: ‘BLOOD PRESSURE GENE’ AFFECTS 20%.

UNIT 5. CORONARY HEART DISEASE ……………………………………….

TEXT: CORONARY HEART DISEASE: CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS.

UNIT 6. MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ………………………………………..

TEXT: ‘HEART ATTACK TEST’ DETECTS MORE.

UNIT 7. HAEMOPHILIA AND HEART RISK …………………………………..

TEXT: ‘HIDDEN HAEMOPHILIA’ CUTS HEART RISK.

UNIT 8. GASTROENTERITIS ……………………………………………………

TEXT: HEALTH RISK FROM BAD FOOD HYGIENE.

UNIT 9. HEARTBURN ……………………………………………………………

Text: GENETIC LINK TO HEARTBURN.

UNIT 10. HEPATITIS C ………………………………………………………….

TEXT: WHAT IS HEPATITIS C.

UNIT 11. TUBERCULOSIS. VACCINATION…………………………………..

TEXT: NEW PROTECTION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS.

UNIT 12. DIABETES……………………………………………………………..

TEXT: TYPE 2 DIABETES IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED ‘CAN BE REVERSED’?

ГЛОССАРИЙ 1. АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ ПОДЪЯЗЫКА МЕДИЦИНЫ.

ГЛОССАРИЙ 2. СИМПТОМЫ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ, ИСПОЛЬЗУЕМЫЕ В ПОСОБИИ.

UNIT 1. FLU AND COMMON COLD.

Read the text and do the tasks below.

While reading, find the words and expressions that mean the following: 1) передаваться (об инфекции); 2) заражать; 3) распространенный; 4) штамм; 5) начало (болезни); 6) быстро / постепенно; 7) расстройство ЖКТ; 8) смертельный случай; 9) боль в горле; 10) истощенный (обессиленный); 11) осложнение; 12) подверженный (заболеванию); 13) появляться (о симптомах); 14) полностью выздороветь; 15) длиться.

Flu vs. Common Cold

Flu is a viral infection. It's passed on when people breathe in liquid droplets containing the influenza virus that other people sneeze or cough into the air, or when people touch objects contaminated with the virus. The virus can cause infections all year round, but it's most common in the winter. There are many strains, some of which are worse than others, such as swine flu (H1N1 strain) which has a more rapid onset, high fevers and gastrointestinal upset and has caused many fatalities, even in adults.

Symptoms include fever, headache, cough, sore throat and muscle aches. They appear quickly, last for about seven days and generally leave you exhausted for weeks afterwards. One minute you're fine, the next you can do nothing.

It's different from the common cold, in which the symptoms come on gradually, usually affecting only the nose, throat, sinuses and upper chest. When someone has a cold, they're still able to get about and usually recover fully after about a week. Flu can cause serious complications, including pneumonia, and can even be fatal.

Certain people are more vulnerable than others to the harm the virus can cause and are advised to have a flu vaccination. They include: everyone over the age of 65; children; people of any age with lung diseases (such as asthma), heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease, diabetes or lowered immunity.

 

Complete the sentences.

1) Flu cannot be treated with antibiotics because …………

2) Flu can be fatal because …………

3) If a person next to you coughs or sneezes, you may…………

4) In case of flu you can’t go to work because …………

5) In case of flu you mustn’t go to work because …………

6) If any of your family has heart disease, he / she …………

7) If you suddenly have fever, headache and muscle aches, you …………

 

Read the text about flu vaccination and use it to ask questions your patient might ask you about it. While reading, find the words that mean the following: испытывать (симптомы), укол, переносить (заболевание).

E.g. Why should I have a flu vaccination every year?

People at risk are advised to have a flu vaccination every year. This is because the flu virus changes slightly every year.

A lot of people think that the flu vaccination can give them flu. However, it doesn't contain the active virus needed to do this. It's true that some people experience symptoms of a heavy cold at the same time or just after they've had the flu shot. This is usually caused by one of the many common cold viruses that are around in the autumn and winter.

Remember, it's still possible to suffer heavy colds after vaccination, as the flu shot only protects people from the flu virus, not other viruses. You can get the flu vaccination from about October each year.

The best way not to get flu is to keep your immune system strong by eating a healthy diet, taking regular exercise, getting enough rest and relaxation and not smoking. You should also avoid people who are coughing and sneezing, especially if they're not covering their mouth and nose.

 

Make your dialogues between

1) a doctor and a patient interested in flu vaccination;

2) a doctor and a patient suspicious about (с подозрением относящийся к) flu vaccination.

UNIT 2. PNEUMOTHORAX.

In addition to the symptoms described in the article, a larger pneumothorax will cause more severe symptoms, including chest tightness, easy fatigue, rapid heart rate, bluish colour of the skin. Can you explain why?

UNIT 3. ASTHMA.

UNIT 4. HYPERTENSION.

Ask your questions.

1) ________________________________? – 350 people were examined.

2) ________________________________? – It is also called hypertension.

3) ________________________________? – It is important because it can increase the chances of heart problems…

4) ________________________________? – The gene produces a protein that controls the function of the kidneys.

5) ________________________________? – It will help us personalize the treatment.

6) ________________________________? – Yes, everybody may be prone to hypertension.

7) ________________________________? – Yes, your family history of high BP can increase your risk of having it.

 

3. Use the article to write about the BP gene research. Write about:

1) the background of the study,

2) the aim of the study,

3) the material and methods,

4) the results,

5) the conclusions.

 

Complete the sentences.

1) Being overweight can be a problem because ………

2) Having sticky blood can be a problem because …………

3) Having a family history of heart disease can be a problem because ………

4) Having cold hands and feet can be a big problem because ………

 

Explain to your patient how to reduce the risk of developing coronary heart disease. Do not forget to mention the factors that cannot be changed, but must be taken into consideration (приняты во внимание).

UNIT 8. GASTROENTERITIS.

Answer the questions.

1) According to the text, is gastroenteritis a serious problem?

2) Why is it sometimes called “stomach flu”?

3) Good food hygiene is one of the ways of preventing gastroenteritis, isn’t it?

4) What examples of bad food hygiene does the article mention?

5) Does everyone suffering gastroenteritis go the doctor?

6) According to the researchers, is it possible to reduce the number of intestine infections? How?

 

UNIT 9. HEARTBURN.

Genetic link to heartburn

Scientists have examined the condition which causes heartburn, known as acid reflux or gastro-esophageal reflux disease. Traditionally, the condition is linked to unhealthy living and a poor diet. The risk factors of heartburn are pregnancy, smoking, eating large meals, being overweight, bending a lot, wearing tight clothing around the waist. According to statistics, up to 20% of the population have symptoms of the condition every week.

The condition is caused by small amounts of acid from the stomach rising up into the esophagus. Unlike the stomach, it does not have a protective lining. So when it is exposed to the acid, it can become inflamed and painful - leading to the sensation we call heartburn. But although heartburn is the most common symptom of acid reflux, it is not the only problem. Regular sufferers are at increased risk of having cancer of the esophagus.

The researchers have found that our genes also play a significant role in determining the risk of developing the condition - one of the most common digestive disorders in the developed world. Dr Trudgill, one of the research team, stresses that environmental factors, such as bad diet, are still important. "People who have symptoms of acid reflux in their family should be even more careful about what they eat, or they may ultimately pay the price and end up with cancer." "There is no question that the symptoms are much worse if you put yourself in a horizontal position with a stomach full of food and fluid so the best way to treat it is not to go to bed right after meals."

Answer the questions.

1) What is heartburn? Is it a common condition?

2) Why is it necessary to study heartburn?

3) What was the aim of the study the article tells about?

4) What did the study reveal?

 

Explain to your patient suffering heartburn why it can be a problem. Tell him / her about the mechanism of heartburn. Give advice how to lower the risk of developing the condition. Try to avoid medical terms.

5. Use the article to write about the heartburn gene study. Write about:

1) the background of the study;

2) the aim of the study;

3) the results;

4) the conclusions.

UNIT 10. HEPATITIS C.

What is hepatitis C?

Hepatitis C is an infection with the hepatitis C virus. Although there is no vaccine to protect against infection, there is effective treatment available. Estimates suggest that 8 out of 10 people don’t know they have it because they have no symptoms. About 75% of these people go on to develop a chronic hepatitis.

Because it can take years, even decades, for symptoms to appear, many people do not realize they have a problem. By the time they become ill and ask for help, considerable damage has been done to the liver.

In most cases, the initial infection doesn't cause any symptoms. When it does, they tend to be vague and non-specific. Possible symptoms of hepatitis C infection include: fatigue, weight loss, loss of appetite, joint pains, nausea, flu-like symptoms, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, alcohol intolerance and pain in the liver area.

The most common symptom experienced is fatigue, which may be mild but is sometimes extreme. Many people initially diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome are later found to have hepatitis C.

Unlike hepatitis A and B, hepatitis C doesn't usually cause people to develop jaundice (i.e. a yellowish pigmentation of the skin). About 1 in 5 people with chronic hepatitis C develops cirrhosis of the liver within 20 years.

 

UNIT 12. DIABETES.

Практикум

по формированию навыков работы

Со специальным текстом

И беседы по специальности

 

Учебно-методическое пособие

для студентов 2-го курса

лечебного факультета

ВВЕДЕНИЕ

Медицина – та отрасль, для которой характерны постоянное движение вперед, инновации и, как следствие, динамика профессионального дискурса.

Данное пособие создано с учетом этой специфики. Его цель – развитие навыков чтения аутентичной литературы, как с полным пониманием, так и просмотрового, а также навыков спонтанной и подготовленной речи по медицинской проблематике.

Пособие рассчитано на студентов 2 курса, обучающихся по специальности «Лечебное дело», аспирантов и всех тех, кто интересуется актуальными проблемами и современными векторами исследований в области медицины.

Пособие состоит из 12 основных разделов и 2 глоссариев. Материал разделов пособия соответствует тематике рабочей программы «Иностранный язык специальности» для студентов, обучающихся по направлению подготовки «Лечебное дело» (060101). Каждый из 12 разделов содержит аутентичный текст по актуальной медицинской проблематике, лексические и речевые упражнениями, которые способствуют продуктивному усвоению лексики и дают выход в спонтанную или подготовленную устную речь.

Пособие является источником дополнительного оригинального текстового материала к базовым учебникам.