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Глаголы- заместители значимой части сказуемого↑ ⇐ ПредыдущаяСтр 9 из 9 Содержание книги
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При повторении составного сказуемого, состоящего из глагола связки be и именной части, выраженной существительным или прилагательным, повторяется только глагол-связка, а именная часть опускается. При повторении сказуемого, состоящего из вспомогательного глагола и значимого, повторяется только вспомогательный глагол (be,have,shall,will,should,would); при повторении модального сказуемого повторяется только модальный глагол (can,could,may,might). В русском переводе сказуемое или повторяется, или опускается: Bush is an engineer. So are Grey and Miller. Буш – инженер. Грей и Миллер – тоже (инженеры). The volume of a gas is dependent on temperature and so is the reaction rate. Объем газа зависит от температуры, и скорость реакции тоже(зависит от температуры). Предложения с вводящим there, конструкция there is (there are) Упражнение 1. Переведите следующие предложения: 1. There is no need to “hunt and peck” for entry keys or memorize the keyboard configuration. 2. However, up to now there has been little effective standartisation of systems techniques. 3. There has been an interest in language translation and, in particular, in the prospects for automatic translation by computer. 4. There is a solar-powered talking watch that not only literally “tells” the time but also but also wakes you up with such alarm messages as “Time to get up, go, go, go”. 5. There are also programs for other types of computers. 6. In this type of application, therefore, there are microprocessor-based surface measurement instruments and also “add-on” systems. 7. When there are many items to be printed, the printing is usually done on a high-speed line printer. 8. If the computer were to print on paper eighty characters wide, there would be eighty hammers in use on the printer. 9. Although chain printers and band printers are very fast, there has been considerable concern about their sloppy printing. 10. There are believed to exist some other species of the same type. 11. There is another similarity between trying to learn to play a musical instrument and trying to learn to use a computer. 12. There seems to be a considerable disagreement between observations of the same phenomenon by different authors. 13. There is another memory cell located in the instruction decoder called the current-address register. 14. In practice there is absolutely no need for this. 15. There were more flexible and mobile devices which could squeeze into narrow openings, move on flat vertical walls, and even on the ceiling. Местоимение it
Упражнение 3. Переведите следующие предложения с местоимением it, предваряющим последующее высказывание: 1. It appears that even a super-computer is powerless in translating, say, an English text into Russian with one-to-one correspondence accuracy. 2. Consequently, it is no wonder that this is an area which is expected to make qualitatively fresh gains. 3. However, as with many other areas of computing technology, it has been much more recently that software developments have made significant changes in the principles of computer functioning. 4. But it would be ideal to store lengthy reference works such as an unabridged dictionary, telephone directories for several cities or dozens of income-tax forms. 5. It seems to function like the five human senses. 6. It is possible to change the void/valid status of a card immediately at the control unit. 7. It is also able to produce an audio-text containing up to 400 characters, punctuate a text and do the simplest arithmetic operations. 8. It is noteworthy that the appropriate programs are designed for the Polish-made microcomputers with which many of the countries schools are equipped. 9. The introduction of the new course in schools made it imperative to reorient the higher educational establishments, too; over a hundred faculties and departments were opened to provide training in information science and computer technology. 10. Many think it will not be too long before robots like these take over from human musicians and artists. 11. It turned out to be that electrons obtained and controlled in the new device have demonstrated a volumetric character, i.e., they moved in three directions. 12. You will find it useful to include the following sections in your documentation: Identification, Contents Page, Summary, Description of the Problem, etc. 13. Having decided what is to be output, it is then necessary to consider the format and general layout. 14. On occasions it becomes apparent from the flowchart or analysis of the problem that a similar calculation will be repeated several times in the program. 15. If a large amount of data is to be processed, it may be advisable to read it from a data file.
Местоимение one Упражнение 4. Переведите следующие предложения. Укажите, где местоимение one заменяет существительное, а где оно является обобщенно-личным местоимением: 1. Like many of the newest pocket-size electronic calculators, this one can do more than simple arithmetic. 2. A designer will enter all the initial data in a computer which will help him try out all possible versions of the unit he is devising and select the best one. 3. One doesn’t have to prepare a new program each time you set a new function to a microprocessor-equipped robot. 4. There are two rational ways in the field of robotics. The first one is to built standardized modules – unified elements on the basis of which it will be easy to assemble robots for the most varied of purpose. 5. One may not be the only person using the program and this is the factor to be considered. 6. The first class comprises radio receivers, TV sets and computers. The second one includes microwave devices such as radars, for example. 7. One believes that the procedure described above will simplify the experiment. 8. One is to make a lot of experiments to make sure that his observation is adequate. 9. The steady state of the gas is supposed to be one which gives no one direction preference over another. 10. Several standard programs can be stored in the computer, and the one required summoned by the push of a button (if this is not done automatically). 11. A moment’s reflection is enough to convince one that the speeds found are not only possible, but reasonable. 12. The procedure is straight-forward and is the one followed throughout the experiment. 13. A one-cell eye isn’t able to do much more then tell the difference between light and dark, while some of the more complex ones are able to see colour and detect movement. 14. The computer is not another human being with whom one can speak easily and clearly in common English. 15. The computer allows one to make calculations in a short time. Слова-заместители that (those), this (these) Упражнение 5. Переведите следующие предложения, выделив предварительно местоимения-заместители и те существительные, которые они заменяют: Глагол do -заместитель сказуемого и глаголы-заместители значимой части сказуемого.
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