Find the appropriate equivalent for the given words and word-combinations.

1. primary goal a) умови поставки

2. distribution channel b) маркування

3. to impose penalties c) застосовувати до бізнесу

4. sales strategy d) встановлювати штрафні санкції

5. regulatory requirements e) план просування

6. delivery terms f) канал збуту

7. labelling g) стратегія продажу

8. promotion plan h) адвокат

9. solicitor i) нормативні вимоги

10. apply to business j) головна мета

 

Find words in the text which have a similar meaning to the words and expressions listed below.

a) purchaser f) guarantees k) the same

b) commerce g) extension l) marking

c) deal h) embrace m) tax

d) producer i) to work up n) fines

e) to propose j) to provide o) to influence

 

Underline the correct preposition.

1. Since the company changed management there has been an increase on/of/in profits.

2. It is said that they were responsible to/for/about the damage.

3. The new products will be sold under the Lipton brand and distributed with/to/by Pepsi.

4. There is a 10% penalty for/at/through withdrawing funds in the first 3 years.

5. I will give you the job under/on/in condition that you work hard.

 

UNIT 6

Types of Banks

There are two types of banks: commercial banks and investment banks – or merchant banks as they are called in Great Britain. Commercial banks deal mainly with individual customers, for instance, private citizens, small businesses, and such like. They receive and hold deposits, lend money, exchange foreign currencies, advise their customers how to invest their money, and manage the customer’s accounts (for instance, pay or invest money according to the customer’s wishes). Commercial banks make their profit from the difference between the interest that they pay to people who deposit money and the interest they charge to people who borrow money. This difference is called a margin.

Investment banks deal mainly with rich corporate clients (companies or large firms) or rich individual clients. They aim not so much at lending money but at raising funds for industry (their corporate clients) in different financial markets. Therefore, investment banks act mainly as intermediaries for their customers. They do not themselves make loans, but make their profits from fees paid for their services. Merchant banks in Britain do the same, but they have greater authority because they also offer loans themselves. They finance international trade, deal with mergers, and issue government bonds.

In recent times, the difference between commercial and investment banks has been slowly disappearing as the so-called “financial supermarkets” replace them. These are a combination of a commercial bank, an investment bank, and an insurance company, offering the full range of financial services.

Whether depositing or borrowing money, a customer is most interested in the bank’s interest rate. The minimum interest rate within a certain country is usually determined by the central bank, and the interest rates offered by other banks sometimes fluctuate slightly from time to time, and are publicly advertised by any bank. They are always either higher than or equal to the minimum interest rate fixed for that country.

Speaking

I. Which of the three summaries below reflects the contents of the text most accurately? What is wrong with the other two summaries? Identify the mistakes in them.

a) There are types of banks: commercial and investment banks (merchant banks in Great Britain). Commercial banks deal mainly with individual customers: they receive and hold their deposits, lend money, manage their customers’ accounts, etc. Their profits are made from fees charged to their customers for the bank’s services. Investment banks deal with corporate clients and raise funds for their clients’ projects. Their profits are also made from fees paid to them. Now all commercial and investment banks have merged into “financial supermarkets”. Every bank determines its own interest rate that is advertised to the public.

b) There are two types of banks: commercial and investment banks (the latter called merchant banks in Great Britain). Commercial banks deal mainly with individual customers: they receive and hold their deposits, lend money, manage their customers’ accounts, etc. Their profits are mostly determined by the difference in the interest they pay to people who deposited their money with the bank and the interests they charge to those who borrow money. Investment banks principally deal with rich corporate and individual clients and raise funds for their projects. Their profits are from fees paid to them for their services. Now the difference between commercial and investment banks is slowly disappearing because “financial supermarkets” have appeared, combining the services of commercial banks, investment banks, and insurance companies. Every bank fixes its own rate of interest on the basis of the minimum interest rate determined by the central bank of the country.

c) There are two types of banks: commercial and investment banks (the latter called merchant banks in Great Britain). Commercial banks deal with both individual and corporate customers: they receive and hold their deposits, lend money, manage customers’ accounts, and raise funds for them. Their profits are determined mostly by the interest charged to people who borrow money from them. Investment banks only deal with corporate clients and raise funds for their clients’ projects. Their profits are from fees they charge for their services. The difference between commercial and investment banks is slowly disappearing because “financial supermarkets” have appeared. They combine the full range of services offered by the two types of banks as well as by insurance companies. The minimum rate of interest offered by banks is determined by the central bank of the country, but other banks may fix their own interest rates at levels that may be higher or lower than those determined by the central bank.

 

2. Find words or word combinations in the text that mean the following:

a) when one company unites with another company and they make a single company;

b) a combination of a commercial bank, an investment bank, and an insurance company offering different financial services;

c) a client of a bank that is a whole company or a large firm;

d) money put in a bank;

e) percentage of money paid by a bank to people who deposited their money with it; percentage of the loan paid to the bank by people who borrowed money from the bank;

f) to get money for some project (usually through an intermediary);

g) money charged by a bank for its services;

h) the money that is used in various countries;

i) a document issued by a government indicating that the money was borrowed and the government promises to give it back with interest to the holder of the document.

 

Appendix

 

LETTERS AND FAXES

Letters, the traditional form of business communication, are still generally preferred for confidential and very formal correspondence. But faxes (telefaxes) are growing in popularity, due to their speed and convenience. Many companies now have their own fax stationery which resembles a memo (memorandum) in layout. As information about the sender and receiver appears at the top, traditional greetings are often omitted so faxes tend to be more direct.

For information on layout, study the two documents below.

 

 

 

 

 

The

Winnall Manor Road, Winnall, Winchester, Hampshire S098 4HJ letterhead

The name and Telephone Winchester [phone]

position of the Fax [phone]

person who will

receive the letter.

This name and Anna Soriano

address is Purchasing Manager

sometimes Artendo SA Parque Empresarial San Fernando

omitted, as is this Edifico e Esc. B Planta 2

subject heading San Fernando de Henares

Madrid

 

17 March 19xx

Subject: New price lists

 

Mrs is used because

Anna Soriano is a

Dear Mrs Soriano married woman.

Other common titles

End letters that It was very nice to meet you in Madrid last week. As promised, I am enclosing are:

Begin Dear Sir or our new price list, which will become effective next month. Mr for men

Madam, Yours Miss for unmarried

faithfully If you ever come to Winchester, I do hope you will have time to look me up. women

I would be delighted to show you around the site. Ms if the marital

status of a

woman is

Yours sincerely. unknown

David Ellingham Dear Sir or Madam

is used if the name of

pp means pp John Parks the person is not

someone else Overseas Sales Manager known

signed the letter

as Mr Parks was

absent

encs

 

encs means

there are other

documents enclosed with this letter

 

TELEFAX TRANSMISSION

Powermaster Tools

 

Winnal Manor Road, Winnali, Winchester, Hampshire SO98 4HJ

Telephone Winchester [phone]

Fax [phone]

 

 

Information about To: Artendo SA Attention: Anna Soriano

the sender and Purchasing Department

receiver

From: John Parks Subject: New price list

 

Date: 17/3/- - Pages (including this one): six

The number

of sheets to be

transmitted

Greetings are It was very nice to meet you in Madrid last week. As promised, I am sending

often omitted our new price list, which will become effective next month.

in faxes

If you ever come to Winchester, I do hope you will have time to look me up.

I would be most happy to show you around our site.

 

 

Best wishes,

John Parks

Yours sincerely and

Yours faithfully are

used less frequently

in faxes. Best wishes,

Kind regards, or

simply Regards are

common.

 

If you do not receive all the pages, please advise us as soon as possible. In case of a during

transmission

 

 

A. Useful Language: Writing letters.

 

Informal letters

Start with   Dear + first name Hi + first name (=used in very informal letters)   It was nice to hear from you It was great to see you / It was good to see you. I’m having a good holiday in…/ I’m having a good time in… Thanks for the… Sorry I haven’t written for so long. / Sorry I haven’t been in touch.   End with   Look forward to seeing from you soon./ Look forward to hearing from you soon. Hope all’s well.   Neutral – Best wishes (from) With best wishes All the (very) best   Formal – Yours   Informal – Love (from) Lots of love (from) All my love XXXX (=lots of kisses; used especially when writing to your boyfriend or girlfriend)   + your first name.

Formal letters

Start with   Dear Mr/Mrs/Ms + family name (you use Ms when youdon’t know if the woman is married or not) Dear Dr/Professor + family name Dear Sir (=used when you don’t know the man’s name) Dear Madam (=used when you don’t know the woman’s name) Dear Sir or Madam (=used when you don’t know if you are writing to a man or woman) To Whom it may Concern (=used when you don’t know the person’s name)   I am writing to ask whether/ to say that… I am writing in reply to your advertisement… Please could you send me /I would appreciate if you could send me/I would be grateful if you could send me… I enclose my CV/a cheque for… End with   Yours truly (= used in American English) Yours sincerely (= used in British English when you know the person’s name) Yours faithfully (= used in British English when you don’t know the person’s name)

 

B. Useful Language: Email structure

 

One of the advantages of emails over normal 'snail-mail' letters is that they are quick and direct. We send an email for a particular purpose and we expect a fast response or immediate action. For emails - whether formal or informal - to be most effective, it is a good idea to give them a clear, logical structure.

Salutation: As in letter-writing, the salutation can be formal or informal, depending on how well you know the person you are writing to.

Dear Mr, Mrs, Ms...	-A formal form of address, also used when first contacting a person.
Dear John	-Less formal. Either you have had contact with this person before, or they have already addressed you by your first name.
Hi/Hello Mary or just the name	-Informal, usually used with colleagues you often work with. In the U.S.A. and the U.K. also sometimes used at first contact.
no salutation	-Very informal, usually used in messages which are part of a longer email exchange.

Opening sentence: This is used to explain why you are writing. (Remember: the opening sentence should always start with a capital letter.)

I'm writing to…

-More formal introduction to say why you are writing.

Conclusion: This is where you tell the reader what kind of response, if any, you expect.

Looking forward to your reply.	-Friendly ending, can be used in formal or informal correspondence.
Hope to hear from you soon.	-Informal ending to indicate a reply is necessary.

Close: Like the salutation, this can vary from formal to very informal.

Yours sincerely	-Very formal, rarely used in email correspondence.
Regards/Best wishes	-Most commonly used close, can be used in formal and informal emails.
Bye/All the Best/Best	-Friendly, informal close.
James/Mary	-Name only (or initials) is also common when writing to close colleagues.

 

 

USEFUL PHRASES AND VOCABULARY FOR EMAIL

 

Salutations When you don’t know the name: Dear Sir or Madam To whom it may concern Hello (no salutation)     When writing to a group: Dear all Hi everyone When you know the name: Dear Mr, Mrs, Ms… Dear John Hello Pat Hi Mary Hey John Mira (no salutation)	an attachment. When things go wrong: I’m afraid you forget to attach the file /… I’m afraid I can’t open the file / document. Can /Could you send it again in…format, please? Requesting action Have you … yet? Can you send … to me by Friday, please? I need … by Thursday. Please get / keep in touch. Keep me posted.
Opening sentence Replying to an email: Thanks (very much) for your email. This is to say thanks for your email.   Giving a reason: I’m (just) writing to… clarify… Just a (quick) note to… conform… Just a short email to… inform you… follow up on… let you know… reply to… request… tell you… thank you… update you…	Replying to an enquiry Thank you for your interest. I’m pleased to send you… I’m sending you … (in an attachment) Please find the requested information attached. We hope you find this satisfactory. We hope you are happy / satisfied with this. Thanks for choosing… When there will be a delay: Your request is being processed. We are working on your request.
Attaching files   I’m sending you / attaching… I’ve attached… Please find attached… I’m sending you the price list/document as an attachment. When things go wrong: I’m afraid you forget to attach the file /… I’m afraid I can’t open the file / document. Can /Could you send it again in…format, please?	Informing I’d like to inform you of… Just a few comments about your last mail: I’m writing to tell you about / let you know… Just a note to say … Here’s the low-down on… Just to update you on … FYI: This is to let you know… Hope this helps. Let me/ us know if you need anything else.
Making enquiries I am interested in receiving / finding out… I would like to receive… We would be grateful if… Could/ Can you please send me…? Please send me… Would you be able to (help)…? Can you help? I’d appreciate a reply asap. Please answer asap.	Requesting action Have you … yet? Can you send … to me by Friday, please? I need … by Thursday. Please get / keep in touch. Keep me posted.
Replying Thanks for your email… In reply to your email, here are… Re your email, I … You’ll find the info (mation) attached. I’ll get back to you asap… I’ll follow up the points mentioned in your email…	Giving bad news We regret to tell /inform you … I’m sorry,but… I am afraid that… Unfortunately, …
Making arrangements Just a quick note to arrange a time to meet. I’m writing to set up / arrange… Is … OK? Where should we meet? Should I pick you up at/from…? Could you collect me at …?	Complaining I’m writing to complain (about) … We’re not happy with… I was disappointed to find/ hear… I’m afraid that… Unfortunately, …
Confirming arrangements   I’d like to confirm… Just writing to confirm… Tuesday is good for me. Please send me an email by 5 pm today to confirm this. Looking forward to seeing/meeting…   Changing arrangements I’m sorry but I can’t do/make Thursday. This is to let you now that I’ve had to put off/postpone… I’m writing to call off /cancel … I’m afraid I can’t make /manage Friday. How about… instead?	Apologizing For a delay in answering: I do apologize for the delay in replying. Sorry for the delay in getting back to you. Sorry this is so late. For not being able to help: Sorry, I don’t know. I’m afraid I can’t help you. For something more serious: We must apologize for… We deeply regret… My sincere apologies (close) We apologize for any inconvenience caused. Please accept our apologies. I’m so sorry…
Friendly ending When you want a reply: I look forward / Looking forward to hearing from you / to your reply. Hope to hear from you soon. I’d appreciate a reply asap. Offering more help: Do not hesitate to contact us if you need any assistance. Feel free to get in touch … if you have any other questions if you need more help. With any questions. Let me know if you need anything else /if I can help you further. General: Thanks for your help / cooperation. Hope all is well with you. Have a nice day / weekend!	Giving good news I am /We are pleased to inform you … I’m happy to tell you… You’ll be happy / delighted to hear that… Close   Your sincerely Kind /Best regards Regards Best wishes All the best Best See you (soon) Take care Bye (for now) [just the name or initials] [no close]

Useful verbs (in context)

 

to apologize I’d like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.

to appreciate We’d appreciate a reply…/ I’d appreciate it if you could send me

to arrange I’m writing to arrange a meeting …/Can you arrange for some-

body to collect me…?

to ask (if) Could I ask you to send me …?/This is to ask if you could…

to assist Please let us know if we can assist you in any way.

to clarify I am writing to clarify the terms of the agreement.

to complain I’m writing to complain about…/I’m afraid I must complain

about…

to confirm I’d like to confirm my booking/the date of our next meeting.

to contact Please contact Mr … at our London office.

to enquire I’d like to enquire about…

to follow up Just wanted to follow up on that unpaid invoice.

to get in touch Please get in touch (with me) asap.

to inform FYI: This is to inform you that …/inform you of a problem…

to let sb know Can you let me know the price of…?/This is to let you know

that we…

to need I need those figures on my desk before tomorrow’s meeting.

to postpone I’m afraid we’ve had to postpone the conference.

to put off Sorry, but we’re going to have to put off the meeting till next

week.

 

Abbreviations and acronyms

Common abbreviations:

 

& (ampersand) and Jan January

+ and/plus Feb February

ad (vert) advertisement Mar March

am in the morning Apr April

appt appointment May May

asap as soon as possible Jun June

at the mo at the moment Jul July

eg for example Aug August

etc etcetera/ and so on Sept September

ie in other words Oct October

info information Nov November

pls please Dec December

pm in the afternoon

re regarding/about Email, chatroom, and messaging:

rep representative FAQ frequently asked

rgds regards questions

w/e weekend Thx thanks

wk week TIA thanks in advance

yr year/your IMO in my opinion

CU see you

Mon Monday FYI for your information

Tues Tuesday BTW by the way

Wed Wednesday Fwd forward

Thurs Thursday LOL laughing out loud

Fri Friday 2 to

Sat Saturday U you

Sun Sunday RU are you

 

ЗМІСТ

 

UNIT 1 ………………………………………………………………….………
UNIT 2 ………………………………………………………………….………
UNIT 3 ………………………………………………………………….………
UNIT 4 ………………………………………………………………….………
UNIT 5 ………………………………………………………………….………
UNIT 6 ………………………………………………………………….………
APPENDIX ……………………………………………………………………..

 

 

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Підвисоцька Галина Володимирівна

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БІЗНЕС – КУРС АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ

 

Навчальний посібник

 

Тем.план 2011, поз. 249

 

Підписано до друку 12.05.2011. Формат 60х84 1/16. Папір друк. Друк плоский. Облік.-вид. арк. 3,05. Умов. друк. арк. 3,02. Тираж 100 пр. Замовлення №