Выражение желания, намерения, решимости

Желания и намерения выражаются многофункциональными глаголами will и would, употребляемые с 1-м лицом ед. и мн. числом в конструкции с несовершённым инфинитивом. Обычно с первым лицом употребляется shall, а употребление will придаёт оттенок решимости и желания. В таких случаях модальный глагол will не сокращается до 'll и является ударным в предложении; на русский язык или не переводится совсем или переводится как "хотеть", "непременно" и т.п.
I will do it whether you like it or not. Я всё равно это сделаю, хочешь ты или нет.
I will answer you as soon as I can. Я непременно отвечу тебе, как только смогу.
I will let you know! Я непременно дам тебе знать!
I would tell you, I swear! Я бы сказал тебе, клянусь!
Кроме того, would довольно часто используется в конструкциях:
would rather предпочтительнее, пожалуй
would better лучше
would sooner скорее
I'd rather go for a walk. Пожалуй, пойду, прогуляюсь.
I'd better pay more at once instead of paying every week. Я лучше сразу заплачу больше, чем буду платить каждую неделю.
She'd sooner break up with me then apologize to me. Она скорее расстанется со мной, чем попросит прощения.

Will и would в отрицательной форме употребляются с одушевлёнными существительными для выражения отказа и нежелания, а с неодушевлёнными указывают на нефункционирование, сопротивление или противодействие:
I won't come back here again. Я ни за что не вернусь сюда снова.
She won't go to the cafe. Она не хочет идти в кафе.
Would в значении отрицания может употребляться как для настоящего, так и для прошедшего времени:
I wouldn't lend him even a pence. Я не хочу одалживать ему даже пенни.
I invited Eric several times, but he wouldn't come. Я приглашал Эрика несколько раз, но он не пожелал прийти.
The window won't open. Окно никак не открывается
The car wouldn'r start. Машина никак не заводится.
The pen won't write. Ручка не пишет.
Will и would в вопросах выражают вежливые просьбы, предложения и приглашения. Would является менее официальным и более вежливым глаголом и чаще соотносится с разговорным стилем.
Will you have some more juice? Хотите ещё соку?
Will you give him this package? Вы не передадите ему эту послыку?/Передайте ему эту посылку, пожалуйста.
Will you wait a few? Подождите немного, пожалуйста./Не подождете немного?
Более вежливый would:
Would you show me that vest? Будьте добры, покажите мне вон ту жилетку.
Would you help me? Не могли бы вы помочь мне?
Кроме того, would часто встречается в разговорной речи в таких устойчивых выражениях как:
Would you mind... Будьте добры.../Будьте любезны.../Вы не против...
Would you like... Не желаете ли вы.../Хотите...
Would you be so kind as to... Не будете ли вы так добры.../Будьте добры...
Would you mind clothing the door? Вы не против закрыть дверь?/Будьте любезны, закройте дверь.
Would you like to take a walk? Хочешь погулять?/Не желаешь прогуляться?
Would you be so kind as to remove your finger from the pie? Будьте добры, уберите палец от пирога.

Модальный глагол need выражает необходимость и употребляется только в вопросах и отрицаниях.
You needn't lie to me. Тебе не нужно мне врать.
В речи need в основном используется не как модальный, а как обычный (смысловой) глагол и, соответственно, употребляется со вспомогательными глаголами, частицей to и принимает окончания, зависящие от времени.
You don't need to lie to me. Тебе не нужно мне врать.

Аналогичная ситуация наблюдается в случае с глаглом dare, который имеет переводы: "сметь", "посметь", "отваживаться", "дерзать" и т.п. Dare так же может употребляться как смысловой и как модальный глагол, но на деле употребляется в основном в качестве модального (в отличие от need). Dare в качестве модального глагола используется только в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях.
Dare you use my own knowledge against me? Ты смеешь использовать мои знания против меня же?
I dare to ask you a private question. Я осмелюсь задать тебе личный вопрос.

 

Изучив теоретический материал, выполните грамматические упражнения. При возникновении трудностей, получите разъяснение по непонятному материалу, у одногруппников или преподавателя.

Write sentences about yourself using the ideas in brackets.

1. (something you used to be able to do) I used to be able to sing well.

2. (something you used to be able to do) I used ---

3. (something you would like to be able to do) I'd ---

4. (something you have never been able to do) I've ---

 

2. Complete the sentences with can/can't/could/couldn't + one of these verbs:

come cat hear run sleep wait

1. I'm afraid I _can't come_ to your party next week.

2. When Tim was 16, he was a fast runner. He --- 100 meters in 11 seconds.

3. Are you in a hurry?' 'No, I've got plenty of time. I ---.'

4. I was feeling sick yesterday. I --- anything.

5. Can you speak up a bit? I --- you very well.

6. 'You look tired.' 'Yes, I --- last night,'

 

Complete the answers to the questions with was/were able to.

1 A: Did everybody escape from the fire?

B: Yes. Although the fire spread quickly, everybody _was able to escape._

2 A: Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house?

B: Not really. Ann had given us good directions and we ---

3. A: Did you finish your work this afternoon?

B: Yes. There was nobody to disturb me, so ---

4. A: Did the thief get away?

B: Yes. No one realised what was happening and the thief ---

 

Complete the sentences using could, couldn't or was/were able to.

1. My grandfather was a very clever man. He _could_ speak five languages.

2. I looked everywhere for the book but I _couldn't_ find it.

3. They didn't want to come with us at first but we _were able to_ persuade them.

4. Laura had hurt her leg and --- walk very well.

5. Sue wasn't at home when I phoned but I --- contact her at her office.

6. I looked very carefully and I --- see a figure in the distance.

7. I wanted to buy some tomatoes. The first shop I went to didn't have any but I --- get some in the next shop.

8. My grandmother loved music. She --- play the piano very well.

9. A girl fell into the river but fortunately we --- rescue her.

10. I had forgotten to bring my camera so I --- take any photographs.

 

 

Работа с языковым материалом.

Прежде чем приступить, к работе над темой необходимо ознакомиться и выучить новый лексический материал.

To wake up- просыпаться

to get up — вставать, подниматься
to have to + inf. — вынужден что-либо сделать
to make bed — застилать постель
to put smth on — надевать что-либо
to have breakfast — завтракать
it takes – требуется (It takes me 10 minutes to get to the college)

to have a lot of work to do — иметь много дел
to prefer — предпочитать
to sweep — подметать
to dust — вытирать пыль
furniture — мебель
carpet — ковер
vacuum-cleaner — пылесос
to go shopping — ходить по магазинам
to have opportunity — иметь возможность

Прежде чем подготовить сообщение о своем рабочем дне, ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. When do you usually get up on your working day?

2. Which of the activities do you do in the morning?

3. What do you have for breakfast?

4. How much time does it take you to get to the college?

5. When do your classes begin?

6. Where do you have lunch?

7. What do you usually have for lunch?

8. Do you go in for sports?

9. What do you usually do in the evening?

10. When do you go to bed?

 

Прочитайте и переведите следующие тексты. Подготовьте сообщение о своем рабочем дне. Используйте эти тексты в качестве образцов.

My Week-day

I am very busy on my week-days. My week-days do not differ much one from another. On week-days my working day begins early in the morning. My school starts at 8 o'clock, so I have to get up at 7, to be ready in time.

I never wake up myself, my mother always wakes me up. Sometimes I do my morning exercises, then I rush to the bathroom. I clean my teeth, wash my face. The cold water makes me feel not so sleepy. Then I go back to my room, make the bed. I switch on my radio, usually I listen to radio.

I put on my clothes, comb my hair, put a little make-ups. By that time my breakfast is ready (my mother cooks it for me). At a quarter to eight I grab my bag and rush to my school. My school starts at 8 o'clock and I don't like to be late.

Usually I have six or seven lessons a day, it lasts till 3 o'clock. After each lesson there is a break, so I can talk to my friends or eat my sandwich. When school is over I go home.

First of all I need to walk my dog. Then I have my dinner and a little rest. The teachers give us a lot of homework, so I start doing it about 16.30 or 17.00. As a rule it takes me two or three hours to do my home assignments.

My parents get home about six o'clock. We watch soapopera on TV, have supper together. We share all the news, I tell about the lessons and school. After it, I help my mother to do some work about the house — wash dishes, sweep the floor, clean the room.

Twice a week in evenings I go play tennis. When I do not go to play tennis, I stay home and watch TV, listen to the music, read magazines. Sometimes my friends call me and we go for a walk.

At eleven o'clock tired after a long working day I go to bed and fall asleep.

My working day

I'd like to describe you my working day. All the days looked very much the same.

As a matter of fact, I am not an early-riser. I hate getting up early, but I got used to it. On weekdays I usually get up at 7. Г do my morning exercises. Then I wash my face and hands and clean my teeth. I don't take a shower in the morning. I usually prefer doing it after coming from school.

At half past seven I am ready to have my breakfast. I like to have a light breakfast which consists of a cup of coffee or tea and some cheese or sausage sandwiches. After breakfast I leave for school.

My school is not far from my house. Usually I walk there. It takes me 10 minutes to get to school. Lessons begin at 8:30 a. m. and finish at about 3 p. m. Six or seven lessons a day is the ordinary timetable. I seldom have lunch in the school canteen. I usually take a packed lunch with me.

Twice a week I stay at school after classes to play basketball.

When I come home my parents are out, they work till 6 o'clock p. m. and my Granny doesn't live with us. That's why I take my dinner from the fridge and warm it up myself. While having dinner I usually like to listen to the music. After dinner 1 rest a little. Sometimes I read a book or watch TV for about half an hour or talk to my friends over telephone.

After that I start doing my home assignments. It takes me about four or five hours to cope with my homework properly. And besides I work hard at those subjects in which I should take my entrance exams. Twice a week I go to have private lessons in Maths in order to improve my knowledge.

As a rule, I finish doing my homework at about 9 o'clock. But one day a week is not so busy. This is Thursday. On Thursday we have six lessons and I have no private lessons. So I am free about 2 o'clock. And after dinner I usually help my mother.

Sometimes I do shopping or pick up clothes at the cleaners or do the ironing.

I usually have supper at 7 o'clock p. m. My parents are at home at this time. We gather in the kitchen and while having supper we share the day news and plan our next day. Then I go on with my work. At 10 I go to bed.

Тема «Мой свободный день»

После изучения данной темы вы должны

Знать: слова, выражения по теме.

Уметь: рассказать о своем свободном дне, задать вопросы своему собеседнику о его досуге.

Грамматика: знать образование и употребление прошедшего простого и прошедшего длительного времен.

ТЕМА

My day off.