B. He had spent a few months in prison because

1. he had wanted to buy a present for his girlfriend

2. he had been caught shoplifting

3. he had no money to buy a silver necklace

 

C. When he left prison

1. he felt very happy

2. he decided to steal again

3. he forgot about his girlfriend

 

D. At a jeweller’s

1. he was shown a diamond ring

2. he saw a nice ring

3. he saw a gold bracelet on the counter

 

E. Nobody was looking at him, so

1. he left the shop

2. he decided to steal a bracelet

3. he asked the assistant to show him a bracelet

 

F. As Mark was afraid of being arrested

1. he ran out of the shop

2. he offered to pay the price of the bracelet

3. he asked the jeweller to take a look at the bracelet

 

G. When Mark heard how much the bracelet cost

1. he asked for some less expensive

2. he went pale

3. he promised to pay £600.

ІV studying year, І term

Theme 12: text “Prosecution”

1. READ AND TRANSLATE THE TEXT.

2. RETELL THE TEXT.

PROSECUTION

The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) The prosecution of offenders in England and Wales is the responsibility of the Crown Prosecution Service. It was set up-in 1986 to prosecute criminal cases resulting from police investigations. The Head of the CPS is the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP). The CPS handles about 1,4 million cases every year and employs about 6,000 staff. Over 2,000 of these staff are barristers or solicitors. The staff are located in 98 offices throughout England and Wales.Before 1986, the police investigated crimes, charged suspects and then took cases to court, sometimes using their own or a local lawyer. This changed under the Prosecution of Offenders Act 1985, which created the CPS and separated the investigation stage from the prosecution stage. Now the CPS makes the decision whether to continue a case and bring to court.

The Prosecution Process After the Police have investigated a crime and passed the papers to the CPS, one of the lawyers — called a Crown Prosecutor—carefully reviews the papers to decide whether or not to go ahead with the case. The prosecutor’s decision is based on the two tests set out in the Code for Crown Prosecutors. The code is a booklet which sets out the general principles which prosecutors must apply when they decide whether to continue a case. The two tests set out in the Code are as follows:

1) Is there enough evidence? 2) Is it “in the public interest” for us to prosecute? A case has to pass both these tests before the CPS can start or continue a prosecution. To examine a case, the prosecutor reviews it to see if there is enough evidence to provide a “realistic prospect of conviction”. If there is not, and the police say there is no more evidence or none will become available in the nearest future, the case will be stopped there. However, the police can be asked to look at the case again, if more evidence becomes available at a late date. If the prosecutor thinks that there is enough evidence to start or continue a prosecution, he or she will then consider whether a prosecution is needed “in the public interest”. This means that the prosecutor must think carefully about all the factors for and against a prosecution, and assess in each case whether a prosecution should go ahead. Some of the public interest factors which are taken into account are set out in the Code for Crown Prosecutors. For example, a prosecution is likely to be needed if: a weapon was used or violence was threatened during an offence;the motive for the offence was any form of discrimination; or the offence was committed against a person serving the public such as a police officer. Crown Prosecutors must always think very carefully about the interest of the victim of the crime. This is an important factor when prosecutors decide where the public interest lies.

Presenting cases in Court If the prosecutor thinks that there is enough evidence, and that a prosecution is needed in the public interest, the case is then presented in the magistrates’ court. The CPS lawyer must present the facts to the court fairly. Criminal cases are divided into the following three types of offence.

1. “Summary only” offences (such as minor motoring offences and disorderly behaviour) are less serious, and can onlybe heard in the magistrates’ court. 2. “Either way” offences are more serious and can be heard in either the magistrates’ court or before a judge and jury in the Crown Court. (These include all cases of theft and some categories of assault). Usually, the magistrates decide whether the case should be heard in the Crown Court But sometimes when the magistrates say they will hear a case, the defendant can choose to be dealt with in the Crown Court. 3. “Indictable only” offences (such as murder or rape) are the most serious, and must always be heard in the Crown Court which has more sentencing powers.

If a defendant is found not guilty, he or she cannot be prosecuted for the same offence.This applies to all types of case. Every criminal case begins in the magistrates’ court. But when cases go on to the Crown Court, The CPS instructs a barrister or a specialy- qualified solictor so that he or she can present the prosecution for the CPS. The powers of police and the procedures which must be followed by them are laid down in Codes of Practice under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act, 1984. These codes cover the powers to stop and search person or vehicles; the searching of premises and seizure of property; detention, treatment and questioning by police identification or suspect, and tape recording of interviews with suspects.

WORDS AND PHRASES

 

The Crown Prosecution Service – Королівська служба Судового розгляду

to threaten – погрожувати, загрожувати

to handle – мати справу

premise – приміщення, будинок

suspect - підозрюваний

seizure - конфіскація

Crown Prosecutor – Королівський прокурор

detention – затримка, утримання під арештом

evidence – доказ, показання свідків

idetenfication - упізнання

available – що мається у розпорядженні

“either way” offences – менш тяжкі злочини

to assess - оцінювати

assault – напад, погроза фізичною силою

weapon - зброя

rape - згвалтування

violence – насильство, гвалтування

guilty – винний

 

EXERCISES

 

1. Fill in the blanks:

1. The Crown Prosecution Service carries responsibility for... of offenders.

2. The CPS... about 1.4 million cases every year.

3. There are 2.000... and... employed by the CPS.

4. The Police investigates a... and passes the papers to the

5. A Crown... decides whether or not to go ahead with the case.

6. If there is not enough... the case will be stopped there.

7. Some of the public interest factors are... when deciding to prosecute.

8. Crown Prosecutors think very carefully about the interests of the … of the crime.

9. “Summary only” offences include minor motoring... and disorderly....

10. “Either way” offences include all cases of... and some categories of ….

11. “Either way” offences may be tried in either the... or in the Crown Court.

12. “Indictable only” offences must always be heard in the....

13. All... cases start in the magistrates’ courts.

14. The powers of police cover: the searching of... and... of property; identification of..., detention, treatment and questioning.

 

2. Read the following sentences and decide if they are true or false:

1. The Police investigate crimes and have responsibility to prosecute.

2. The investigation stage is separated from the prosecution stage.

3. The Police decide whether to conimue a case and bring it to court.

4. If the prosecutor thinks that there is enough evidence he sends the suspect to trial.

5. The prosecution will go ahead if a weapon was used.

6. If the offence was committed against a person serving the public the prosecutor doesn’t take it into account.

7. Crown Prosecutors must always think carefully about the interest of the suspects.

8. Magistrates try a person accused of murder.

9. The most serious crimes such as murder and armed robbery are called “summary only”oflenecs.

10. “Summary only” offences are tried by magistrates.

11. “Indictable only” offences must always be heard in the Crown Court.

12. “Either way” offences include minor motoring offences and disorderly behaviour.

13. Every criminal case begins in the magistrates’ court.

14. The powers of police include prosecuting and sentencing.

 

3. Find words and expressions in the text which mean:

1. lawyer who has the right to speak and argue as an advocate in higher law courts;

2. anything that gives reason for believing smth, that makes clear or proves smth;

3. violent and sudden attack;

4. lawyer who prepares legal documents, e.g. wills, sale of land or buildings, advises clients on legal matters and speaks on their behalf in lower courts;

5. taking possession of property, etc. by law;

6. unlawful killing of a human being on purpose;

7. commit the crime of forcing sexual intercourse on (a woman or girl).

 

4. Ask questions to get the following answers:

 

1. The Crown Prosecution Service is an organisation independet of, and separate from, the police.

2. The Head of the CPS is the Director of Public Prosecutions.

3. The CPS employs nearly 2.000 lawyers and barristers.

4. The process of criminal justice begins when the police arrest a suspect.

5. A person arrested by a police officer is taken to a police station.

6. The prosecution will go ahead if the motive for the offence was any form of discrimination.

7. Crown Prosecutors must always think very carefully about the interest of the victim of the crime.

8. The case is presented in the magistrates’ court if there is enough evidence.

9. Criminal cases are divided into the following three types of offences: “summary only”, “either way”and “indictable only” offences.

10. If a defendant is found not guilty, he or she cannot be prosecuted for the same offence.

 

5. Answer the following questions:

 

1. What is the responsibility of the Crown Prosecution Service?

2. Who makes the decision whether to continue a case and bring it in court?

3. What are the two tests set out in the Code for Crown Proseutitors?

4. What factors are taken into account for a prosecution?

5. When is the case presented in the magistrates’ court?

6. What “summary only” offences do you know?

7. Where may “either way” offences be tried?

8. What are the most serious offences?

9. Where do all criminal cases start?

10. Does the Crown Court have more sentencing powers than the magistrates’ court?

 

ІV studying year, І term

Theme 31: text “The duties of the police forces”

1. READ AND TRANSLATE THE TEXT.

2. RETELL THE TEXT.

 

RECRUITMENT

Entry requirements vary from one force to another.

Age. The minimum age for appointment as a constable is 18 ½ although some forces have a higher minimum age. There is no upper limit.

Qualifications. Candidates should have achieved a good educational standard. However, regardless of educational attainmem there is an entrance test which is taken by all candidates. This Initials Recruitment Test helps to identify whether you have the skills for the job. It consists of five separately timed tests each designed to meaure a different ability. These are:

* the ability to spell words and construct sentences property,

* the ability to check information quickly and correctly;

* the ability to solve numerical problems accurately;

* the ability to reason logically when given facts about events,

* the ability to observe scenes carefully and recall details accurately.

Physical fitness. If you are thinking of joining the Police Service you must be physically fit. Before appointment all candidates are medically examined and must be certified by a registered medical practitioner, approved by the police authority, as being in good health, of sound constitution, and fitted both physically and mentally to perform the duties of a constable.

Eyesight. Good eyesight is important and all forces require high standard of eyesight. No force can accept candidates with only one eye or those who suffer from squint or other morbid conditions of the eyes (or lids of either eye). Applicants are normally required to produce an optician’s test certificate issued within the preceding 12 months.

Most forces will accept a candidate who wears contact lense or glasses. Colour vision is also important and no force will accept a candidate who is unable to distinguish the principal colours — red, green and violet.

Nationality. Applicants to the Police Service are required to be British citizen or Commonwealth citizens whose stay in the United Kingdom is not subject to restrictions, or citizens of the Irish Republic.

Heigh. There are no minimum or maximum height requirements.

Criminal record. When making an application for appointment to any chief officer of police you should mention any criminal record which you have.

As a new recruit you will be given the training necessary to equip you for the job. All police officers do basic training and have a two year probabation. Initial training comprises a two year modular system. The twoyear raining cycle is outlined below.

§ One and a half weeks at your force’s local centre being given basic information and time to discuss hopes and fears in relation to the job.

§ Two and half weeks at a police station giving you a chance to observe working environment.

§ A ten week residential course at a national police training centre where you learn and are trained in relation to the professional and personal skills and abilities you need for the job. (Everything from

community awareness to punctuality!)

§ Five weeks on the beat with a tutor constable guiding you through incidents, procedures and paperwork.

§ Additional training and skills learning at a national police training centre through simulation exercises and classwork.

§ Back to the police station for five weeks with a tutor constable. Later you will go on individual patrol.

Promotion. Promotion opportunities exist for all police officers. After their first two years as a probationary constable, officers can work towards their sergeant and then their inspector exams with the help of an excellent training programme.

ІV studying year, І term

Theme 14: text “The duties of the police forces”

1. READ AND TRANSLATE THE TEXTS.

2. RETELL THE SECOND TEXT.

 

DUTIES

The duties of the police forces of the United Kingdom include the provision of police cover at major airports (Heathrow, Gatwick, etc.) but the police carry no responsibility for the running of prisons, for immigration or for customs and excise duties. The duties and responsibilities of police are:

a) the protection of life and property;

b) the prevention of crime and detection of offenders; and

c) the preservation of public tranquillity.

These principles were accepted by all police forces in the United Kingdom.

In 1990 the Association of Chief Police Officers set out the purpose for the police service of today:

“The purpose of the police service is to uphold the law; to prevent crime; to bring to justice those who break the law; to keep the Queen Peace; to protect, help and reassure the community. We must be compassionate, courteous and patient. We need to be professional, calm and restrained in the face of violence and apply only that force which is necessary to accomplish our lawful duty. We must strive to reduce the fears of the public and to reflect their priorities in the action we take. We must respond to well - founded criticism with a willingness to change”.

 

LIFE STORY

 

Alan is 17 years old. He wants to join the Police Service. It is a tradition in his family to become a police officer. His grandfather was a Constable. He was proud of his job. Alan’s father is a Traffic Warden. He is a civilian employed by the Police. He wears similar unform and works on foot in City centre. He is responsible for controlling the parking of traffic, moving people on where they have overstayed their parking time and giving out fixed penalty tickets for the more persistent parking offenders. Alan’s elder brother Peter, who is now 20 years old, attends a twenty week training course at Peel Centre, Hendon. Alan envies his brother. It’s great to be a recruit at Hendon! Hendon is not like an ordinary educational establishment. The recruits are not tied to their desks — police work is brought to life by acting out incidents. The whole class attend at the scene of practical incidents staged by Police Officer Instructors.

Students are expected to take action as if they were on normal duty. And it is much more interesting than to sit in the classrooms. Peter is saying that he enjoys basic law, police procedure and how to handle people. Alan’s mother says that Hendon helps Peter become more skilful, patient and sensitive. After initial training, Peter will join his new Division and for the first ten weeks will be taken under the wings of an experienced tutor Sergeant and Constable. During these early weeks working on the streets of London, he will, under supervision and guidance, learn out the local area, the people. and the problems that confront police officers. Later, after about a year ‘s total service, the officers will complete a further two weeks training at an Area Training Unit. After the initial two years Peter will be confirmed as Constable. Being a PC means that officers will often need to act quickly. His grandfather used to say: “Crime doesn’t clock on or off”. All day and all night policemen have to safeguard homes and property, even life itself.

Alan is interested in fingerprint identification. That’s why after initial training he is going to enter the Fingerprint Branch at New Scotland Yard. Alan thinks that fingerprint identification plays an important role in many major crime investigations. But it will be in future. Now Alan must prepare himself for taking the Initial Recruitment Test. If you are thinking of joining the Police Service you must be physically fit. So, Alan does his morning exercises every day. He goes to learn Karate two evenings a week. He is already as tall as his brother and growing into a man very fast!

 

ІV studying year, І term

Theme 15: “PRACTICE WORK “

1. LOOK AT THE PICTURE AND READ THE TEXT.

WANTED FOR MURDER PETER ROLAND ANDERSON Aliases: Peter Roland, Andrew Rolands Andy Peters Description Warning Age:30, but looks younger This man is armed and dangerous. Height: 6’2’’ (1 m 90 cm) If you see him, don’t approach him, Weight:175 pounds (80 kg) but contact the nearest police station Build:medium immediately Hair:black Eyes: blue Complexion: pale; scar under right eye; prominent nose Nationiality: British Occupation: mechanic

2. READ THESE THREE TELEPHONE CONVERSATIONS WITH PEOPLE WHO THINK THEY HAVE SEEN Anderson. ONLY ONE PERSON HAS SEEN THE REAL Peter Anderson. WHICH ONE?

Telephone conversation I

—North Yorkshire Police.

—Hello. Listen. I’ve just seen Peter Anderson! In the …

—One moment, please.

—Peter Anderson! The murderer! He’s here in Newtown! I saw him in the street! He…

—One moment, please

—He is a big man, with short black hair and a scar on his face. He’s 25 or …

—What is your name, please?

—Mrs Collins. He’s 25 or 26. He’s got …

—Your address, Mrs Collins?

—blue eyes, I think. And what a big nose he’s got! I know it’s him.He’s wearing a black

jacket and green trousers.

 

Telephone conversation 2

—Thames Valley Police,

— Hello. I’ve seen Peter Anderson.

— One moment, please.

— Hello. Detective Sergeant Callen speaking. Can I help you?

— Yes. I’ve just seen Peter Anderson. In the post office. Here in Chilton.

— Can I have your name and address, please, sir?

— Robert Sands. 17 High Street, Chilton. I’m sure it was Anderson. He’s very tall, with

long dark hair, a big nose, green eyes, and a scar on the left—hand side of his face. About 35 years old.

— What was he wearing?

 

Telephone conversation 3

—... and can you describe the man, Mr Harris?

— Yes. He’s quite tall, about 25 or 30, with long fair hair, big ears and a scar under his left eye. Oh, and he’s got a big nose.

— Colour of eyes?

— I’ve no idea.

— What was he wearing?

— A blue jacket and brown trousers …

ІV studying year, І term

Theme 16: “PRACTICE WORK “