National Identification Bureau

Criminal and fingerprint records are among the most important aids in fighting crime and are centralised in the National Identification Bureau at New Scotland Yard. From there a service is provided to all police forces in the country under strict security arrangements.

Headed by a Commander, the National Identification Bureau consists of two parts, the National Criminal Records Office and the National Fingerprint Office.

Fingerprints

The functions of the National Fingerprint Office are:

1. To maintain the national fingerprint records.

2. To put fingerprint information on to the Police National Compu­ter fingerprint file.

3. To compare the fingerprints of persons arrested for criminal offences against the National Fingerprint Collection to identify the individual.

4. To file the fingerprints received from the Governors of Her Majesty's Prisons.

5. To provide help in the investigation of certain crimes and assist in the identification of cadavers and persons suffering from am­nesia.

Records

The functions of the National Criminal Records Office are:

1. To receive notification of people arrested for specified criminal offences. Where identity is established the police officers con­cerned are notified and provided with details of any previous convictions. Where identity is not established, a record is cre­ated.

2. To keep a record of all people who have been convicted of, or are waiting trial for, specified criminal offences.

3. To remove the records of anyone who, having no previous con­victions, is acquitted of the offences which have been notified.

4. To provide reference details on the names file and the convic­tions file of the Police National Computer of anyone recorded in the Bureau.

5. To circulate details of stolen property or people wanted, or suspected of crime.

6. To supply photofit kits to all police forces in the United King­dom. These kits comprise over 700 photographic components from which over one million photofit impressions can be com­piled.

Storage

There are over 5,000,000 records kept on a microfilm system, copies of which are provided to operational police officers on request. The fingerprint impressions are stored as electronic images on videotape. When impressions are required for comparison purposes they are retrieved with the aid of the computers and presented for viewing on visual display units. In addition the original fingerprint impressions are kept on a manual basis.

Disclosure

The Bureau provides a 24-hour service and handles about 1,000,000 enquiries a year, by post, telephone and computer link. Information is given only to serving U.K. police officers needing help in their investigations. The identity of each caller is carefully checked and replies are only given by making a return call to the enquirer's telephone number - which is also checked to ensure it belongs to an authorised user.

The supply of police information about convictions is governed by the general principle that no information is given to anyone outside the police service, however responsible, unless there are weighty considerations of public interest which justify departure from the general rule.

Варіант №3.

ПЛАН РОБОТИ

1. Прочитайте та письмово перекладіть текст.

2. Поставте 10 запитань до тексту.

3. Складіть речення зі словами, які підкреслені в тексті. Вкажіть час та спосіб, підкресліть підмет та присудок. Перекладіть речення.

4. Підберіть статтю на юридичну тему (на рідній мові). Напишіть англійською мовою про що говориться в статті (-20 речень). Стаття додається.

5. Напишіть розповідне, питальне (загальне, спеціальне) та заперечне речення в:

Present Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice).

Past Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice).

Future Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice). Напишіть переклад речень.

6. Напишіть тему “I, my hobbies and my family“ та не менше 8 речень англійською мовою чому ви поступили до ОДУВС.

7. Напишіть прислів’я (10) англійською мовою, їх переклад та запам’ятайте їх.

8. Список літератури.

9. Підпис.

FINGERPRINTS

Very many books and scientific papers have been published on the subject of Fingerprints, and reference to 'the prints from man's hand' can even be found in the Bible.

The study of the application of fingerprints for useful purposes appears to have started in the latter part of the 17th Century when, in 1684, the anatomist Doctor Nehemiah Grew published a paper on the subject which he illustrated with drawings of various fingerprint patterns. About the same period, in Italy, Professor Malpighi was investigating the functions of the skin.

It was in 1860 that the use of fingerprints as a reliable means of individual identification really started. Sir William Herschel, an administrator in the province of Bengal, India, appreciated the unique nature of fingerprints and established the principle of their persistence. Fingerprints are formed in full detail before birth and remain unchanged throughout life unless they are affected by a deep seated injury. A method of classifying fingerprints and research in this field was initiated by Sir Francis Galton and Henry Faulds independently at the end of the 19th century.

The Fingerprint Branch at New Scotland Yard, which started with just three people, has expanded over the years and the present Identification Service is now provided by a staff of600 technical and administrative officers. Today, there are two Fingerprint Bureaux at New Scotland Yard, the National Fingerprint Office (which together with the National Criminal Record Office forms the National Identification Bureau) and the Metropolitan Police Scenes of Crime Branch, which incorporates the Fingerprint, Photographic and Scenes of Crime Examination Services.

The importance of having a National Fingerprint Collection has been recognised by all police forces in the United Kingdom even though they have their own local fingerprint bureaux.

Each day, the fingerprints of people who have been sentenced to a term of imprisonment, and those who have been arrested and charged with other than the most minor offences, are sent to New Scotland Yard for processing. The fingerprints of those who are not subsequently convicted are, of course, destroyed.

One of the primary functions of the National Fingerprint Office is to establish whether the person has a previous record. After a name check has been made, the enquiry fingerprints are compared with the master set of any suggested match. If this proves negative, the fingerprints are coded and the coding transmitted to the Police National Computer at Hendon.

The coding of the enquiry prints is analysed by the computer and only those criminals whose prints could possibly match are listed as respondents on a computer print-out.

Until recently, Identification Officers would make a comparison of the enquiry with the paper fingerprint forms of the respondents, which are all filed in the National Fingerprint Collection, in order to establish whether any computer suggestion was positive.

Within the organisation of the Scenes of Crime Branch there operates a field force of 200 Identification Officers and Scenes of Crime Officers who are responsible for examining Scenes of Crime throughout the Metropolitan Police District. Scenes of serious crime are examined for fingerprints by Senior Identification Officers. The function of these officers is to detect and record any finger and palm marks which an offender may have left at the scene. They also retrieve forensic clues, e.g. blood samples, shoe marks etc., which are then forwarded to the Forensic Science Laboratory for analysis.

Finger and palm marks are sent to the Metropolitan Police Scenes of Crime Branch at New Scotland Yard where, after various elimination and checking procedures, the finger marks are coded for search on either the Police National Computer (Scenes of Crime System) or the Automatic Fingerprint Recognition System (AFR). The suggested possible fingerprint matches may be compared using the Videofile System or by browsing through the actual fingerprint collections. The Automatic Fingerprint Recognition System is a computerised method of matching fingermarks found at scenes of crime with recorded fingerprints of known offenders. The computer lists, in order of probability, any possible fingerprint matches, but does not itself make any "identical or not identical" decisions. Palm marks are retained for comparison with the palm prints of persons suspected of committing the crime. Final comparisons between crime scene marks and offenders prints and decisions as to the identity are carried out by identification Officers.

One of the earliest cases involving the use of fingerprint evidence was in 1905, when a thumb print left on a cash box at the scene of a murder in Deptford of shopkeepers Mr and Mrs Farrow, was identified as belonging to Alfred Stratton, one of two brothers. As a result of this identification they were jointly charged with the crime and subsequently hanged.

Since then, fingerprint identification has played an important role in many major crime investigations, including such cases as the Great Train Robbery in 1963 and, the sad case of Lesley Whittle, who was found brutally murdered in a drainage shaft in Kidsgrove in 1975 and, the intriguing case of the "Stockwell Strangled who was responsible for the murders of eleven pensioners, in 1986.

Apart from the technical assistance which is given by Fingerprint Staff in the investigation of crime, positive identification by means of fingerprints has given vital help in cases of serious accidents: for example train and plane crashes. They have also been valuable in identifying people who have suffered from amnesia.

Like any other major organisation, the Identification Services are always seeking ways of improving the service provided. Although computerisation leads to greater efficiency, it cannot replace the individual expertise of trained Identification Officers and the final decision as to identity which is always made by a qualified Fingerprint Expert.

Варіант №4.

ПЛАН РОБОТИ

1. Прочитайте та письмово перекладіть текст.

2. Поставте 10 запитань до тексту.

3. Складіть речення зі словами, які підкреслені в тексті. Вкажіть час та спосіб, підкресліть підмет та присудок. Перекладіть речення.

4. Підберіть статтю на юридичну тему (на рідній мові). Напишіть англійською мовою про що говориться в статті (-20 речень). Стаття додається.

5. Напишіть розповідне, питальне (загальне, спеціальне) та заперечне речення в:

Present Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice).

Past Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice).

Future Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice). Напишіть переклад речень.

6. Напишіть тему “I, my hobbies and my family“ та не менше 8 речень англійською мовою чому ви поступили до ОДУВС.

7. Напишіть прислів’я (10) англійською мовою, їх переклад та запам’ятайте їх.

8. Список літератури.

9. Підпис.

THE RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF A CITIZEN

Basically every citizen has the freedom to do and say anything, if it is not against the law. The most important freedom possessed by everyone is physical freedom. This normally means the freedom to live, freedom from assault, from arbitrary arrest and unlawful detention, There is also a right to possess property. This is preserved in the restrictions the law places on theft and damage.

Hand in hand with this is the right a person has to protect both his life and his property. This right is not absolute but confined to using only that force necessary and reasonable. Thus homicide may well be justifiable if that is the only way life can be protected but it is not justifiable to kill a thief who is fleeing.

One of the most frequently claimed "rights" is freedom of speech. This does not mean that you are free to say what you like when you like and where you like. It does mean that you can speak as you please provided it is not in a manner prohibited by law.

These laws are not designed to oppress, but to safeguard other people's freedoms. The restrictions on the freedom of speech include slander, libel and the laws governing the use of insulting, threatening or abusive language or whereby racial hatred might be provoked.

Allied to freedom of speech is the right to march and demonstrate. The freedom to demonstrate is not a right conferred by law as many people believe, but exists because demonstrating is not prohibited by law. However, because demonstrating is not against the law it does not confer the right to people who might be demonstrating to break other laws, notably obstructing free passage along the highway. Legislation has conferred the right to picket peacefully during an industrial or trade dispute, but this right is not extended to other disputes or demonstrations and again it does not permit those involved to break the law.

There is no such thing as complete freedom, but a free society consists of a number of freedoms each of which may be restricted to some extent by legislation. These restrictions are embodied in the law and it is the function of police to enforce these laws. Any reduction in the ability of police to enforce them results in a reduction in the freedom of every member of society.

So much for your main “rights” as a citizen, but how are they to be protected?

Sir James Fitzjames Stephen writing in A History of the Criminal Law of England' in the nineteenth century said “A Policeman has no other right as to asking questions or compelling the attendance of witnesses than a private person has; in a word, with a few exceptions, he may be described as a person paid to perform as a matter of duty acts, which if he so minded, he might have done voluntarily”. This is still, in general, the position today.

The British system of policing relies heavily on public co-operation and approval. Essentially the authority of the police is little different from that of the rest of the community. Since this system depends heavily on co-operation from the community it is important for citizens to realise that they have duties as well as rights. It is the duty of a citizen to obey the law, to keep the peace and to assist the police.

It is this general duty to assist police which causes a few people problems, but this should not be so. The police act for the good of society as a whole. If a person sees a crime being committed, or knows the whereabouts of a criminal who is wanted or has committed a crime, it is not 'telling tales' to inform the police. By helping police we are helping preserve the rights and freedoms of other members of society.

When looking at ways of helping police it is not intended that members of the public involve themselves in situations where there is personal danger. There are many ways they can help without personal risk, such as by promptly informing police of criminal acts, by being prepared to give evidence in Court, by taking measures to safeguard their own property and by willingly co-operating with police when called upon to do so.

It is often thought that the police have a limitless power to arrest people, but this is not the case. With the exception of certain Acts of Parliament which specifically give the police the power to arrest people in particular circumstances, the power of arrest possessed by the police for the more serious crimes is little different from that possessed by other citizens. The essential difference is that while a police officer may arrest (without warrant) if he/she has reasonable suspicion that an arrestable offence has taken place, a private person cannot arrest unless an arrestable offence has actually been committed. An arrestable offence is one which carries a sentence of imprisonment of five years or more for a first offence or is designated as such, e.g., stealing or more serious assaults.

Just because a person has been arrested does not mean he has lost his rights. He has the right to be told why he is being arrested, unless his conduct makes this impossible. Although an arrest is an exercise of force he has the right to be arrested without the use of excessive force. He has the right to remain silent at all times and to be reminded of this right. He has the right to contact a solicitor and a friend if this does not hinder the processes of investigation or the administration of justice.

Historically the responsibility for the maintenance of law and order rested on the citizens of the community. The police are paid to perform this function as a full time duty, which is performed on behalf of the community. While the citizen enjoys certain rights he or she also ha s the duty to ensure nobody suffers any loss of their rights. The most important way to discharge this duty is to actively support his or her police force.

Варіант №5.

ПЛАН РОБОТИ

1. Прочитайте та письмово перекладіть текст.

2. Поставте 10 запитань до тексту.

3. Складіть речення зі словами, які підкреслені в тексті. Вкажіть час та спосіб, підкресліть підмет та присудок. Перекладіть речення.

4. Підберіть статтю на юридичну тему (на рідній мові). Напишіть англійською мовою про що говориться в статті (-20 речень). Стаття додається.

5. Напишіть розповідне, питальне (загальне, спеціальне) та заперечне речення в:

Present Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice).

Past Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice).

Future Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice). Напишіть переклад речень.

6. Напишіть тему “I, my hobbies and my family“ та не менше 8 речень англійською мовою чому ви поступили до ОДУВС.

7. Напишіть прислів’я (10) англійською мовою, їх переклад та запам’ятайте їх.

8. Список літератури.

9. Підпис.

THE POLICE AND THE YOUNG OFFENDER

That part of the law dealing with the treatment and punishment of young offenders has always been the subject of controversy and it was only in 1908 that Juvenile Courts were created. Nevertheless it is in this area of legislation that the exercise of discretion by the police is most apparent.

Prior to 1968 it was standard practice of police to charge all juve­nile offenders in the same way as adults.

In 1984 there were changes in the procedure for dealing with ju­venile offenders, which meant that the Metropolitan Police began to divert young offenders who had not committed serious offences from the process of prosecution, in order to avoid attaching the stigma of being labelled as a criminal to a young person from an early age.

The Crown Prosecution Service now makes the final decision as to whether a juvenile recommended for prosecution by police should go to court.

Under the present system, when a juvenile is arrested for a crime he or she is brought to a police station and his or her parents or guard­ian are sent for. The Custody Officer will then establish whether there is sufficient evidence to ensure the likelihood of a conviction before a court. If there is not sufficient evidence to make such an outcome likely, then the juvenile will be released into the custody of his or her parents, having been warned about his or her conduct if necessary, and no further action will be taken. If however, there is sufficient evidence to make a conviction before a court likely, this does not necessarily mean that the offender will be prosecuted.

If the offence is particularly trivial, he or she may still be warned about his or her behaviour and released. Again, no further action will be taken in the case. However, if the offence is not trivial, an imme­diate formal caution may be given; provided that the offender admits his guilt, has not previously been given a caution and his or her pa­rents agree to the caution being administered. In fact, it is only in very serious cases that a juvenile offender may be charged straight away. In most other instances the case is referred to the Youth and Com­munity Section where, after consultation with other agencies and possi­bly a home visit, a decision will be made either to formally caution the offender or to prosecute. In many areas of London cases are now referred to a Juvenile Panel where Social Services, Probation, Edu­cation, Welfare and other agencies make recommendations to police about particular cases. Sometimes the panel may be able to provide assistance to the offender or some diversionary activities to prevent reoffending.

All formal cautions are carried out by a senior police officer of the rank of uniformed Inspector or above, and any such caution may be brought to the attention of the Magistrate should the young offender be subsequently convicted of another offence. Although a young of­fender may be cautioned more than once, he or she may also go to court the first time he or she comes to notice if the offence is serious.

The system means that every case is now decided upon its indi­vidual merits, taking into account both the nature of the offence and the individual concerned. In deciding whether a young offender will benefit best from informal advice, a caution or a prosecution, police discretion plays an important role in the future of that individual. The police hope that no juvenile should ever commit an offence. Should one do so, however, it is now hoped that he or she can be persuaded not to offend again.

ROYALTY AND DIPLOMATIC PROTECTION DEPARTMENT

Royalty Protection is divided into two parts: the Royal Palaces Division, dates back to 1839 and is responsible, for policing the royal residences of Buckingham Palace, Kensington Palace, St James's Palace and Windsor Castle. In Scotland the section is responsible during periods of royal residence, for Balmoral Castle and Holyrood House. The other part of Royalty Protection is responsible for the personal protection of individual members of the Royal family.

The Diplomatic Protection Group is primarily responsible for the protection of Diplomatic premises and personnel, as well as visiting Heads of State and high risk V.I.P.s when they are staying at hotels or other premises. The Group also has responsibility for providing protection to certain political figures; the security at 10 Downing Street, and a support to the protection of London’s Royal Palaces, and the Palace of Westminster which includes both Houses of Parliament.

The Group maintains effective 24-hour protection for high risk and politically sensitive premises by both static policing, at fixed posts and mobile policing using cars, solo motorcycles and personnel carri­ers.

All officers serving with the Group are volunteers recruited from the ranksof police officers who have some years of operational street duty experience.

Today protection is a highly specialised service in the Metropoli­tan Police, and to operate effectively, close liaison is maintained with other groups in the protection field such as the Special Branch, the Special Escort Group and the Anti-Terrorist Branch.

The senior officer in charge of the Royalty and Diplomatic Pro­tection Department is a Deputy Assistant Commissioner who over­sees the close liaison between units concerned with protection. The Department is the foremost uniformed Anti-Terrorist group within the Metropolitan Police.

Варіант №6.

ПЛАН РОБОТИ

1. Прочитайте та письмово перекладіть текст.

2. Поставте 10 запитань до тексту.

3. Складіть речення зі словами, які підкреслені в тексті. Вкажіть час та спосіб, підкресліть підмет та присудок. Перекладіть речення.

4. Підберіть статтю на юридичну тему (на рідній мові). Напишіть англійською мовою про що говориться в статті (-20 речень). Стаття додається.

5. Напишіть розповідне, питальне (загальне, спеціальне) та заперечне речення в:

Present Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice).

Past Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice).

Future Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice). Напишіть переклад речень.

6. Напишіть тему “I, my hobbies and my family“ та не менше 8 речень англійською мовою чому ви поступили до ОДУВС.

7. Напишіть прислів’я (10) англійською мовою, їх переклад та запам’ятайте їх.

8. Список літератури.

9. Підпис.

SPECIAL ESCORT GROUP

The Special Escort Group of the Metropolitan Police was first formed in November 1952 in preparation for the visit of Marshal Tito, President of Yugoslavia in March 1953. The Group was again used to escort Her Majesty the Queen during her Coronation in June of the same year.

In March 1956, the Group was reformed for the visit of the Soviet Leaders and has been used regularly since then to provide protocol and security escorts for visiting Heads of State and other ceremonial events. Since then the responsibilities of the Group have been ex­panded to include escorting members of the Royal Family and all aspects of security movements, for example the escorting of high-risk prisoners and high value loads, although this type of escort is usually carried out in motor cars.

The Special Escort group is made up of officers selected from the ranks of London's Traffic Patrol The members of the Group are all required to be advanced motor-cyclists and car drivers, having at­tended courses of instruction at the world famous Hendon Police Driving School. They are also trained in the use of firearms and anti-terrorist ambush techniques.

After many years of success in this role, the Special Escort Group became so well known that it was receiving requests from the public for displays of its skill. The idea of the Precision Team, composed of members of the SEG, was developed and came to fruition in 1959.

Since its formation, the Metropolitan Police Motor Cycle Preci­sion Team has been seen by countless numbers of visitors to outdoor shows, ranging from school fetes to county and international shows. The machines used are BMW K100 cc solo motor cycles. Each of­ficer is responsible for the appearance of his machine, which is equipped for normal Traffic Patrol and escort duties and fitted with road tyres.

The display is not one of trick-riding but is a disciplined team ef­fort, an essential requirement of escort duties. The object of such demonstration is to emphasise the control a motor cyclist should be able to exercise over his machine, and the manner in which a power­ful motor cycle can be ridden at varying speeds in a confined area. From the beginning, a balance has been struck between entertaining the public and providing a demonstration of the skill required to carry out Ceremonial Escorts. With this in mind, the Group has developed a programme aimed at the motor cycling public, in the hope of influenc­ing them to become better riders.

The Group's role in providing escorts for Royalty and VIP visitors to this country, demands the same extremely high degree of skill in motor-cycle control, bearing in mind the traffic congestion often found in and around London. Their primary aim is to provide a smooth, punctual and, above all, safe journey.

DOG SECTION

In 1946 the Metropolitan Police decided to look seriously at the possibility of using dogs for police work. By the end of that year there were six Labradors on the strength of the Service. These dogs and their handlers were given a thorough training course and then they were sent to work in Central London. They proved highly successful, especially in such areas as Hyde Park, and as a result it was decided to use dogs throughout the Metropolitan Police District. Today there are over 300 operational dogs working in London.

The most popular dog for police work is the German Shepherd, commonly known as the Alsatian. Labradors and Spaniels are also used and are particularly effective in the field of narcotics and explo­ sives detection.

Since 1960 the Metropolitan Police has been breeding many of its own dogs. During whelping the bitches and their puppies are cared for in the modern breeding block at the Dog Training Establishment at Keston in Kent.

Some of the adult dogs are either gifts or bought from the public. The main qualities required of a police dog are that it should be of a fine physique and good temperament. These dogs are originally kept at Keston for a period of one to three weeks to assess their health and working capabilities.

When a puppy is two months old it is allocated to a handler and goes to live at his or her home. This stage is very important as trust and affection form the basis of a good working relationship. The puppy returns with its handler to the training establishment every month for a check up. When the puppy is nine months old it returns to Keston for a week's training in basic obedience and nosework.

When the dog is a year old it spends twelve to fourteen weeks in training. It is taught to track a ground scent, to search different types of terrain such as open country, woodland and buildings for criminals and property and to give tongue, or 'speak', as soon as it finds what it has been seeking. It is also taught to chase and hold criminals, but it is trained not to bite them indiscriminately.

After this initial course a dog starts work on Division, but with its handler it is required to attend frequent refresher courses at one of the five continuation training centres.

Dog handlers work the same shift system as other officers in the Uniform Branch. They are on patrol for seven hours and the remain­ing hour is allowed for feeding, grooming and exercising the animal.

The real value of a dog is as a deterrent and to detect crime. But of course the type of beat that they patrol varies according to the district in which they serve.

With the introduction of personal radio and their specially equipped vans, dog handlers have become increasingly mobile, which has added to their operational efficiency. In addition to searching, chasing and tracking, dogs are also used for recovering stolen property which has been abandoned and for finding missing persons.

Варіант №7.

ПЛАН РОБОТИ

1. Прочитайте та письмово перекладіть текст.

2. Поставте 10 запитань до тексту.

3. Складіть речення зі словами, які підкреслені в тексті. Вкажіть час та спосіб, підкресліть підмет та присудок. Перекладіть речення.

4. Підберіть статтю на юридичну тему (на рідній мові). Напишіть англійською мовою про що говориться в статті (-20 речень). Стаття додається.

5. Напишіть розповідне, питальне (загальне, спеціальне) та заперечне речення в:

Present Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice).

Past Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice).

Future Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice). Напишіть переклад речень.

6. Напишіть тему “I, my hobbies and my family“ та не менше 8 речень англійською мовою чому ви поступили до ОДУВС.

7. Напишіть прислів’я (10) англійською мовою, їх переклад та запам’ятайте їх.

8. Список літератури.

9. Підпис.

POLICING FROM THE AIR

Helicopters are part of the Air Support Unit of the Metropolitan Police. The Unit is based at Lippitts Hill in open country near Epping Forest and the facilities there include a hangar, a control room over­looking the landing pad, workshops, service bays and stores.

From this base, the helicopters, with a maximum speed of 150 knots (173 mph), can be over anywhere in the Metropolitan Police Area within 15 minutes' flying time.

The basic flying pattern for the helicopter is to carry out a fixed number of routine patrols (about 1 ^1\2 hrs), Monday to Friday. During the evening, after rush-hour and at weekends the helicopters are available on an 'as required' basis. In an emergency, a helicopter can be in the air at very short notice - any time of the day or night.

The list of police operations in which the helicopters may be called upon for help is endless. Crowd control, traffic control, searching and pursuing and any situation in which observation from the air is of special value are all part of the helicopters' workload.

A typical day's operations recently included going to the scene of an armed robbery in South London, observing the build-up of a traf­fic jam on a main road into North London and a search for a stolen lorry in an area of parkland, golf course and market gardens. In a typical month, the Air Support Unit will take part in 450 assignments of all kinds.

The Metropolitan Police helicopters of the Air Support Unit are observation and communication platforms in the sky and their equip­ment for these jobs must be the best available.

Each helicopter can be quickly fitted with the "Heli-Tele" air-to-ground colour television system. With this, colour TV film of anything happening on the ground can be relayed back to Scotland Yard (via a mobile receiver station if necessary) and the film taken can be re­corded for later viewing. In addition, the Bell 222s carry 'Night Sun' a powerful searchlight which can be steered down and focused from the helicopter cabin and 'Sky Short' a 200 watt output public address system. A British Aerospace 'Steady Scope' monocular (a type of binoculars) is also carried.

Radio Communications between air and ground cover all Metro­politan Police Channels, Air Traffic Control at Battersea and Heathrow and all UK aeronautical channels.

The helicopter pilots are civilians from Bristow Helicopters. The observers (there are normally two in each aircraft) are experienced Metropolitan Police officers who have been specially trained for this job.

The Metropolitan Police helicopters must observe strict rules ope­rating over the densely populated London area. They normally fly at I heights of between 800 and 1500 feet, but when they are in the neigh-bourhood of Heathrow, their maximum height may be much lower. Generally speaking they only fly outside the Metropolitan Police area when in "hot pursuit" of a suspect vehicle and, in one case, they pursued such a vehicle up the M1 as far north as Daventry before police on the ground could move in and stop the driver.

THAMES DIVISION

In the 1790's the West India Company of Merchantmen decided to form their own river patrol to protect their cargoes against looting and pilfering which were rife at the time. From this small beginning the idea of a river police was developed.

The first Marine Police Office was opened in 1798 on the site of the present Divisional Headquarters of Thames Division at Wapping. This consisted of a judicial department as well as a police depart­ment and was under the control of a resident Magistrate. In 1839 the Police Office was made part of the 10 year old Metropolitan Police and the judicial department became the Thames Police Court.

In the early days, the police officers carried out their work in row­ing boats and sailing craft but in 1910 motor boats were introduced. Today duty boats constantly patrol the river 24 hours a day, together with launches used by senior officers both for ordinary duty and ceremonial occasions. Apart from carrying gear required by Statu­tory and Port Regulations, the boats are also equipped with drags, lifebuoys, buoyant cushions, salvage gear and first aid equipment in­cluding a stretcher and a resuscitator.

Thames Division covers 54 miles of river from Dartford Creek to Staines Bridge and is served by three police stations. Some of these were originally hulks, but they have now been replaced by buildings on shore. The one exception is the station at Waterloo Pier, which is housed on a pontoon and remains unique as the only floating police station in London. All the officers are volunteers drawn from every other Branch and Division in the Force. Numbers of them have served with the Royal or Merchant Navies. All officers can swim, have a high stand­ard of first aid and are required to pass an examination in the man­agement of boats and navigation.

The beat and patrol systems which operate on the river are simi­lar to those on land and have the same broad function to perform. This is the protection of life and property of all those connected with the river, whether they work there in the wharfs, live there or spend their leisure time on pleasure craft. In addition, Thames Division also has responsibility for dealing with vessels in collision, fires on ships, barges or wharfs, the salvage of property which has come adrift and the securing of drifting barges.

Wapping is also the headquarters of the famous Underwater Search Unit - the police frogmen. The Unit consists of nine divers with an Inspector in charge. It was first formed on a part-time basis in 1962 but, as the demands for its services grew, it became full-time in 1964. The Unit operates throughout the Metropolitan Police Dis­trict and is used to search rivers, flooded gravel pits and quarries, ponds, canals and waterways to recover missing persons, stolen prop­erty and weapons and other articles used in crime.

For nearly 200 years now, the Thames has been constantly pa­trolled. Many of the docks and wharfs in the Pool of London have closed and the use of the river is now turning to water sports and leisure which have their own problems of crime and accidents. There is little doubt that Thames Division will continue to provide a valuable service for as long as people and craft are on the river.

Варіант 8.

ПЛАН РОБОТИ

1. Прочитайте та письмово перекладіть текст.

2. Поставте 10 запитань до тексту.

3. Складіть речення зі словами, які підкреслені в тексті. Вкажіть час та спосіб, підкресліть підмет та присудок. Перекладіть речення.

4. Підберіть статтю на юридичну тему (на рідній мові). Напишіть англійською мовою про що говориться в статті (-20 речень). Стаття додається.

5. Напишіть розповідне, питальне (загальне, спеціальне) та заперечне речення в:

Present Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice).

Past Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice).

Future Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice). Напишіть переклад речень.

6. Напишіть тему “I, my hobbies and my family“ та не менше 8 речень англійською мовою чому ви поступили до ОДУВС.

7. Напишіть прислів’я (10) англійською мовою, їх переклад та запам’ятайте їх.

8. Список літератури.

9. Підпис.

MOUNTED BRANCH

The origins of the Mounted Branch go back well before the foun­dation of the Metropolitan Police. In 1758 there was the first mention of men on horses being employed as peace officers in London - they were attached to Sir John Fielding's office in Bow Street, where he was a Magistrate.

Then, in 1760, Sir John devised a 'Plan for preventing Robberies within twenty miles of London' and asked for a regiment of light horse to be stationed in the area, to keep watch at toll-gates and turnpikes, and to intercept criminals. This 'Horse Patrol' consisted of eight horses and men.

The regular Bow Street Horse Patrol began in 1805 and it pro­vided patrols on all main roads up to twenty miles from Charing Cross. Its original strength was 52 ex-calvalrymen, all aged over 35 and married. Each man carried a sabre, pistol, truncheon and a pair of handcuffs and wore a blue greatcoat and trousers, black leather hat and stock, white leather gloves and scarlet waistcoat - the latter giv­ing rise to their nickname of 'Redbreasts'. This was the first 'uni­form' ever to be issued to any police force.

In 1813 the control of the Bow Street Horse Patrol passed to the Home Secretary and in 1821 their numbers were increased. Then, in 1829, the first foot duty officers of the Metropolitan Police appeared on the streets, but it was not until 1836 that the Horse Patrol was incorporated into the Force, becoming the nucleus of the present day Mounted Branch.

In those days the chief purpose of the Branch was country pa­trols, but with the advent of Chartism in the late 1830s mounted police were mobilised in central London for the first time to keep public order. They proved most successful and as a result it was decided to have more mounted officers stationed in inner London to deal with such troubles and to help regulate processions, ceremonial occasions and large gatherings. This, of course, remains the principal function of the Mounted Branch today.

After the end of the First World War in 1918. Lt-Col Percy Laurie of the Royal Scots Greys retired from the Army and took up an appointment with the Metropolitan Police, later becoming Assistant Commissioner. He took complete charge of the Mounted Branch and made its reorganisation his first task.

In 1920 Imber Court, at East Molesey in Surrey, was opened as the central Mounted Branch Training Establishment. The principles of training, feeding and general care of the horses laid down then still hold good to a large degree today.

The Mounted Branch has some 200 horses and 236 officers. It is under the control of the Assistant Commissioner for Territorial Op­erations with a Superintendent as its operational head. The organisa­tion of the Branch is governed by the need for mounted patrols in the Metropolitan Police District in particular areas - which is frequently reviewed in the light of changing circumstances.

As with any other specialist Branches, an officer must complete two years foot duty before applying for a post in Mounted Branch. This is to ensure that he or she is well grounded in general police work. The majority of recruits to the Branch have no previous expe­rience of working with horses, but after a preliminary interview each applicant receives a 22 week course at Imber Court, and is taught how to ride and the general care of a horse and its equipment.

At the end of this course officers are posted to one of the larger stables as 'Mounted Reserve'. This means that they do not at first have a horse, but gain further experience riding other horses when officers are on leave or sick. This period usually lasts for about 6 months, at the end of which the officers are permanently established.

Most of the horses are bought in Yorkshire where the require­ments are well known to the farmers and breeders, but occasionally they are purchased elsewhere or a gift horse is received. Only mares or geldings are used, and, ideally, they should be 3 to 4 years old, 16 hands high and of a good general colour.

Each horse is named according to the year of purchase, the initial letter of each name being the same, i.e. 1979 purchases all begin with 'H', 1980 with I, and so on. Bearing in mind that the value of a horse increases with the training received and experience gained with the average period of service being about 14 years - the eco­nomics of the Mounted Branch compare favourably with motorised units.

The horse's training is designed to produce a quiet, well-man­nered animal that is well-balanced, obedient, and accustomed to moving traffic and to unusual sights and sounds; it must also work equally well alone and in the company of other horses. The basic training of an average horse takes about 6 months, but there are no hard and fast rules, it is never hurried and can be divided into three stages.

First the horse is handled and lunged. Then training is carried out from the saddle and the horse is first introduced to waving flags and rattles as a preliminary preparation for ceremonial duties. Tape re­corders and amplifying equipment are used in the covered riding school to simulate such noises as railway trains and football matches. When the horses have grown used to this, the third stage of their training is continued out in the open. Crowd control is carried out by teaching the horses to move sideways into groups of people. This has been found to be the safest and most effective method. During all this training the greatest care is taken not to over-face ox frighten the horse - the whole system is based on encouragement and re­ward.

When a horse has finished its training at Imber Court, it is allo­cated to an experienced officer who is responsible for the final stage, which takes place on the streets doing the various duties which com­prise the working life of a police horse.

The results of the training can be seen every year at the Metro­politan Police Horse Show at Imber Court-this is usually held around June each year.

On a normal day a mounted officer patrols for up to 4 hours, the rest of his 8 hour tour of duty being spent grooming, on general stable work and cleaning tack. On patrol he or she has the same duties as 'foot' colleagues, but, of course, has the added advantage of extra height and more chance to observe when assisting with traffic con­trol, dealing with crime rowdyism and other offences which might require police action.

The duty of the Mounted Branch is crowd control, whether it be a ceremonial occasion, a big sporting event or a demonstration. It has been argued that a trained man on a trained horse can do the work of a dozen foot police on such occasions.

Варіант №9.

ПЛАН РОБОТИ

1. Прочитайте та письмово перекладіть текст.

2. Поставте 10 запитань до тексту.

3. Складіть речення зі словами, які підкреслені в тексті. Вкажіть час та спосіб, підкресліть підмет та присудок. Перекладіть речення.

4. Підберіть статтю на юридичну тему (на рідній мові). Напишіть англійською мовою про що говориться в статті (-20 речень). Стаття додається.

5. Напишіть розповідне, питальне (загальне, спеціальне) та заперечне речення в:

Present Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice).

Past Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice).

Future Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice). Напишіть переклад речень.

6. Напишіть тему “I, my hobbies and my family“ та не менше 8 речень англійською мовою чому ви поступили до ОДУВС.

7. Напишіть прислів’я (10) англійською мовою, їх переклад та запам’ятайте їх.

8. Список літератури.

9. Підпис.

 

FORENSIC SCIENCE LABORATORY

In 1929, Sir Arthur Dixon, Assistant Secretary of State at the Home Office, wrote a memorandum on the need to make use of science in police investigations.

Lord Trenchard, the Metropolitan Police Commissioner, decided that although the Force, as it was then called, could call on various eminent scientists, it was time to establish science within the Force itself. The Home Secretary, Sir John Gilmour, agreed and on April 10 1935 he officially opened a Metropolitan Police laboratory at the Police College at Hendon.

During the 1930s, a number of provincial police forces started their own laboratories. One by one these came under Home Office control to form the basis of what was to become the Home Office Forensic Science Service. With a staff of about 340, including over 200 graduate scientists (many with PhD degrees) the Metropolitan Police Laboratory has become one of the world's largest forensic sci­ence laboratories and it is widely acknowledged as a leader in its field.

The main purposes of the Laboratory are to help London's police to investigate crime and to provide scientific evidence and expert interpretation for the courts. Scientists examine items submitted by investigating police officers and, when necessary, they give scientific assistance and advice at scenes of crimes or other incidents.

The Laboratory uses new discoveries in science to improve the range and quality of its services. The Laboratory also trains the users of its services so that they may understand its capabilities and the significance of the results obtained. It handles more than 18,000 cases a year, ranging from theft to terrorism.

The kind of work undertaken by the Laboratory includes analysis for alcohol in blood and urine specimens in drink-driving cases; analy­sis for heroin, cocaine and other drugs', fire investigation where ar­son is a possibility, and accident investigation in particularly serious (often fatal) road accidents. It analyses natural and synthetic fibres and fibre dyes; examines guns; analyses gunshot residues; exam­ines documents in cases of suspected fraud and other serious inci­dents; and analyses tool and other kinds of marks. Footwear marks continue to be a valuable aid in crime investigation, especially for armed robberies.

Scientists also analyse poisons and noxious substances of vari­ous kinds, as well as traces of paint, glass and other materials. Blood grouping and DNA profiling form an increasingly important part of the work of the Laboratory.

Forensic science is a demanding profession, because scientists may have to appear in court as Expert Witnesses. Whereas most people are only allowed to give the court evidence about facts - what they personally saw or heard - an Expert Witness advises the court on what interpretations the evidence will bear and what interpretations it will not bean In these circumstances scientists can expect to be subject to searching cross-examination.

SPECIAL BRANCH

The Special Branch of the Metropolitan Police was formed in 1883. The authority for its formation was given by the Assistant Commis­sioner for Crime at the time on the instructions of the Home Secre­tary.

The Branch was formed to combat the activities of the Fenians and, because of this, was originally known as the 'Special Irish Branch'. The 'Fenians' were Irish Republican extremists who, seek­ing Home Rule for Ireland, were at that time placing bombs in various public buildings in London and at one point tried to blow up Scotland Yard itself.

The Special Irish Branch was very successful in its efforts and after three years' Irish' was dropped from its title. It was expanded to deal with security problems at the Jubilee of Queen Victoria in 1887 and still later with foreign anarchists who were regarded as a danger to society.

Except for a period during the first World War, the Special Branch has formed part of the CID throughout its existence and is today headed by a Deputy Assistant Commissioner. The members ot the Branch are police officers recruited from either the Uniform Branch or other parts of the CID and are subject to exactly the same condi­tions and regulations as all other police officers.

Despite the air of mystery sometimes attributed to the Branch in spy novels and TV series, it is in fact merely one of the specialist units used to provide efficient policing by the Force. Crimes commit­ted for political reasons or against the State are still crimes. Political assassination is still murder and a terrorist bombing amounts, tech­nically, to serious criminal damage or assault although both may be more dramatic and treated more seriously both by the police and the Courts.

This means that, as with all crimes, the police have a primary responsibility of prevention and if that is not achieved, the identifi­cation, arrest and prosecution of those responsible. Special Branch, therefore, always works within the law and the criminals it deals with have the same rights as any others.

The work of Special Branch is not widely publicised and is often, therefore, misrepresented. Its prime functions may be broken down as follows:

• to keep a watch on the movements of undesirables through air and sea ports;

• to carry out enquiries from the Home Office in cases where aliens apply for British nationality;

• to help guard Government ministers and foreign VIPs visiting Britain;

• to supply information about the activities of organisations or individuals who threaten the security of the country or seek to cause the breakdown of law and order.

Special Branch is concerned with contravention of the Official Secrets Acts and the prosecution of spies. It is fully occupied with combating the activities of the IRA in Great Britain in just the same way as its early forerunners, the Special Irish Branch, acted against the Fenians of the 19th Century.

Варіант №10.

ПЛАН РОБОТИ

1. Прочитайте та письмово перекладіть текст.

2. Поставте 10 запитань до тексту.

3. Складіть речення зі словами, які підкреслені в тексті. Вкажіть час та спосіб, підкресліть підмет та присудок. Перекладіть речення.

4. Підберіть статтю на юридичну тему (на рідній мові). Напишіть англійською мовою про що говориться в статті (-20 речень). Стаття додається.

5. Напишіть розповідне, питальне (загальне, спеціальне) та заперечне речення в:

Present Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice).

Past Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice).

Future Indefinite Tense (Active Voice), (Passive Voice). Напишіть переклад речень.

6. Напишіть тему “I, my hobbies and my family“ та не менше 8 речень англійською мовою чому ви поступили до ОДУВС.

7. Напишіть прислів’я (10) англійською мовою, їх переклад та запам’ятайте їх.

8. Список літератури.

9. Підпис.

CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION DEPARTMENT

The CID was organised in 1842 when six officers were selected to form the first Detective Department^ following two attempts on Queen Victoria's life and an outbreak of major crime in London. Now there are about 3,500 men and women detectives working in plain clothes on London's streets.

All of them are selected for their patience and tact, then trained to make the best use of their aptitude for detective work.

2,000 of them work from police stations in the 75 Divisions that make up the 787 square miles policed by the Met. Each Divisional CID office is run by a Detective Chief Inspector, Detective Ser­geants and Detective Constables to deal with crime investigations. The Detective Chief Inspector is responsible to the Divisional Chief Superintendent on all crime matters. The Division can call on the expertise of more senior Detective Officers - Detective Superin­tendents and Detective Chief Superintendents, who are based on each of the five Areas within the Met - in cases of murder, rape and other serious crime.

Before becoming a detective each officer must have completed two years service as a uniformed constable on probation and have served on a local crime squad, which is made up of qualified CID officers and uniformed officers working in plain clothes.

The constable will then be recommended by his Divisional Super­intendent as being suitable for CID work. He will go on to face a selection board made up of two senior CID officers and a senior uniformed officer.

If selected, the officer will have to carry out further study in his own time, then attend a training course at the Detective Training School at Hendon.

1,500 officers are split into a number of branches and squads; the principle ones are:

The Major Investigation Reserve, which can be called upon to investigate murder and other serious crimes within the Metropolitan Police District and conducts enquiries both at home and abroad on behalf of the Director of Public Prosecutions or other Government bodies.

The Extradition, Illegal Immigration and Passport Squad investi­gates organised crime relating to the obtaining of British Passports and illegal immigration. It also deals with the extradition of fugitive offenders to Foreign and Commonwealth Countries.

The Central Cheque Squad investigates offences and collates in­formation about organised cheque, travellers cheque and credit card frauds committed against the clearing banks and major stores within the Metropolitan Police District.

The Stolen Motor Vehicle Investigation Squad started life as part of the Flying Squad, but became a squad in its own right in 1960. It is staffed by specialists in the examination of suspect cars. They are particularly adept in spotting cars produced by 'ringers', the thieves who “ring the changes" on cars by building them from stolen parts. The squad also specialises in the investigation of organised theft from industrial car plants.

The Serious and Organised Crime Squad was formed to deal with organised crime in London, its successes have earned the men who work for it the name of 'The Gangbusters'.

The Central Robbery Squad, deals with investigating major armed robberies at banks, building societies, security vehicles and similar commercial targets in the Metropolis. Sometimes these investigations involve officers travelling to other parts of the country and abroad.

The Regional Crime Squad is a national network of crime squads working under a National Coordinator and dealing with serious crime.

The No.9 Regional Crime Squad covers London and is made up of Metropolitan Police Officers and officers from the City of London Police. The squad works closely with the Central Robbery Squad as well as with other Regional Crime Squads, using and acting on infor­mation gleaned from their own confidential sources.

Members of the Regional Crime Squad and the Central Robbery Squad often use their own cars fitted with multi-channel radios, which can be tuned to the frequencies used by police forces all over the country. Each car is also fitted with a short-wave set for car to car communication. This makes it difficult for criminals 'to listen in' and get advance warning of a squad's movements.

The Criminal Intelligence Branch is the branch which collects and stores information about known and important criminals - their move­ments, habits and associates.

The branch is also responsible for supplying all the back-up serv­ices required by detectives working in the field, including the Laboratory liaison staff- It also has an equipment unit which develops and Operates technical aids used by police.

The Metropolitan and City Police Company Fraud Department, toore commonly known as the Fraud Squad, is staffed by officers from both forces and was formed in 1946 with the sole object of dealing with complex and protracted fraud cases.

Its investigations mainly concern limited companies, banks and businesses specialising in money investment at home and abroad and dealings in shares and securities. A sign of the times is that the Fraud quad now has the national responsibility of keeping records on corruption in public Life.

Fraud Squad investigations can take detectives to different parts of the world and at any one time the squad is concerned with several Hundred criminal allegations involving in excess of 1250 million.

The Special Branch was formed in 1883 under the title of Special Irish Branch. Its activities were concerned with investigating Fenian bombings and the Fenians themselves, who were Irish terrorists op­erating in London and the provinces. The word Trish' was dropped from the name three years later and the Special Branch's scope was Widened to include providing personal protection and involvement in Matters of national security.