Decrease in protheosynthesis

102. A 29-year-old patient was delivered to a hospital because of intoxication with carbon monoxid e. Objectively: the patient presents with symptoms of severe hypoxia - evident dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardi a. What compound is produced as a result of intoxication with carbon monooxide?

Carboxyhemoglobin

104. A patient with obliterating endarteritis underwent ganglionic sympathectomy. What type of arterial hyperaemia should have developed as a result of the surgery?

Neuroparalytic

105. In the second week of being ill wit viral hepatitis a patient presented with sleep disorder, headache, aggressiveness, unbearable skin itch. Objectively: AP drop, decrease in blood coagulation and reflectory activity, bradycardi a. What is the cause of these changes?

Cholemia

106. While examining a blood smear taken form a patient and stained by Romanovskys method a doctor revealed some protozoa and diagnozed the patient with Chagas diseas e. What protozoan is the causative agent of this disease?

Trypanosoma cruzi

107. A patient with diabetes mellitus lapsed into diabetic coma as a result of acid-base disbalanc e. Specify the type of disbalance:

 

Metabolic acidosis

108. Before a tooth extraction a 48-year-old female patient received an injection of diazepam. Anxiolytic effect of this drug can be explained by:

Interaction with benzodiazepine receptors

109. A victim has a left-sided comminuted fracture of cheekbone accompanied by loss of skin sensitivity above it. What nerve is damaged?

Zygomaticofacial

110. A patient diagnosed with morphinism has been admitted to the narcological department. A doctor noted a decrease in pharmacological activity of morphin e. Repetitive use of a drug may result in tolerance to its effect, and this phenomenon is called:

Addiction

111. A 2-day-old baby has yellowish skin and mucous membranes. This might be caused by the temporary lack of the following enzyme:

UDP-glucuronil transferase

112. A 60-year-old patient consulted a doctor about retrosternal pain arising immediately after physical exercis e. He was prescribed nitroglycerin. The medication relieved retrosternal pain but the patient got acute headach e. What is the likely mechanism of this side effect?

Intracranial pressure rise

113. A victim who had been rescued from under the ruins was found to have confused mental state, multiple subcutaneous haemorrhages on his head and neck, small wound on the fac e. There was a scalping in the posterosuperior parts of head and a significant deformation of head contours. What bones might have been damaged?

Parietal and occipital bone

114. In the focus of inflammation the vessels of microvasculature exhibit an increased permeability and hydrodynamic pressure ris e. Inter-tissue fluid has an increase in osmotic concentration and dispersity of protein structures. What type of edema will develop in this case?

Combined

115. A child has abnormal formation of tooth enamel and dentin as a result of low concentration of calcium ions in bloo d. Such abnormalities might be caused by deficiency of the following hormone:

Parathormone

116. A 49-year-old woman spent a lot of time standing. As a result of it she got leg edem a. What is the most likely cause of the edema?

Increase in hydrostatic pressure of blood in veins

117. A 47-year-old female patient was diagnosed with a tumour of the tongue apex. Metastases are likely to spread into the following regional lymph nodes:

Submandibular

118. Purulent discharges of a patient with a mandibulofacial phlegmon contain spheroid microorganisms making S-shaped colonies with golden pigment that produce lecithinase, plasmocoagulase, hemolysin and decompose mannitol under anaerobic conditions. Specify the kind of microorganisms that had caused the suppuration:

S. aureus

119. A patient was delivered to a hospital with the fracture of mandible and considerable bleeding in the region of fractur e. What artery is likely to be dameged?

Inferior alveolar artery

120. A patient consulted a dentist about the temporomandibular joint arthritis. The dentist administered an ointment containing diclofenac sodium. What is its mechanism of action?

Cyclooxigenase inhibition

121. A patient who has been treated for viral hepatitis B developed symptoms of hepatic insufficiency. What changes indicating disorder in protein metabolism are likely to be observed in this case?

Absolute hypoalbuminemia

122. After a severe trauma of visceral cranium a patient has a deglutition disorder with food getting to the nasopharynx. This is the result of the following muscles disfunction:

M.levator veli palatini

123. After an attack of bronchial asthma a patient had his peripheral blood teste d. What changes can be expected?

Eosinophilia

124. Among the specific hypocholesterolemic drugs the most effective are those blocking the synthesis of endogenic cholesterol in liver. Which of the below listed drugs has such mechanism of hypocholesterolemic action?

Lovastatin

125. A patient of oral surgery department has developed a purulent complication. Bacteriological analysis of the wound discharge allowed to isolate a culture producing a blue-and-green pigment. Which of the listed microorganisms may be a causative agent of the infection?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

126. A 32-year-old female patient suffers from gingivitis accompanied by gum hypoxi a. What metabolite of carbohydrate metabolism is produced in the periodontium tissues more actively in this case?

Lactate

127. Analysis of a newborns urine revealed phenylpyruvic aci d. Its presence in urine is associated with the following pathology:

Phenylketonuria

128. HIV has gp41 and gp120 on its surface interacts with target cells of an organism. Which of the following human lymphocyte antigens is gp120 complementary bound with?

CD 4

129. A 50-year-old male patient suffers from chronic bronchitis, complains about dyspnea during physical activity, sustained cough with sputum. After examination he was diagnosed with pulmonary emphysem a. This complication is caused by:

Decrease in lung elasticity

130. A man is eating dry foo d. Which salivary glands secrete the largest amount of saliva in this case?

Parotid

131. For infection prevention a patient who underwent appendectomy was prescribed a cephalosporin antibioti c. Antimicrobial activity of these antibiotics is called forth by the disturbance of the following process:

Microbial wall formation

132. A 20-year-old patient complains of morbid thirst and huperdiuresis (up to 10 l daily). Glucose concentration in blood is normal but it is absent in urin e. The patient has been diagnosed with diabetes insipidus. What hormonal drug is the most appropriate for management of this disorder?

Vasopressin

133. A shepherd who has tended sheep together with dogs presents with chest pain and blood spitting. X-ray examination revealed a roundish neoplasm in his lungs. Immunological reactions confirmed the provisional diagnosis. Specify the helminth that might have caused this disease:

Echinococcus

134. According to the phenotypic diagnosis a female patient has been provisionally diagnosed with X-chromosome polysomi a. This diagnosis can be confirmed by a cytogenetic metho d. What karyotype will allow to confirm the diagnosis?

 

ХХХ)

135. In course of an experiment a white rat was being stimulated with a stress factor (electric current). The researchers could observe muscle hypononia, arterial hypotension, hypothermi a. What period of general adaptation syndrome is it?

Shock phase

136. A female patient with a tumour of pancreas has developed mechanic jaundice resulting from compression of a bile-excreting duct. Which duct is compressed?

Ductus choledochus

137. A patient has been admitted to the oral surgery department with a fracture of malar arch. The patient presents with difficult mouth opening. This state is caused by the dysfunction of the following muscle:

Masticatory

138. A male patient consulted a dentist about an acute toothach e. Examination revealed a carious cavity in the upper premolar on the right. The carious cavity reaches the pulp. What is the most likely caries complication causing the toothache?

Pulpitis

139. Before the infiltration anaesthesia a patient had been tested for sensitivity to novocain e. The reaction turned out to be positiv e. Which of the below listed drugs can be used for anaesthetization in this case?

 

Lidocaine

140. As a result of a road accident a 26-year-old man is in the torpid phase of shock. Blood count: leukocytes - 3,2×10⁹/l. What is the leading mechanism of leukopenia development?