Заглавная страница Избранные статьи Случайная статья Познавательные статьи Новые добавления Обратная связь FAQ Написать работу КАТЕГОРИИ: АрхеологияБиология Генетика География Информатика История Логика Маркетинг Математика Менеджмент Механика Педагогика Религия Социология Технологии Физика Философия Финансы Химия Экология ТОП 10 на сайте Приготовление дезинфицирующих растворов различной концентрацииТехника нижней прямой подачи мяча. Франко-прусская война (причины и последствия) Организация работы процедурного кабинета Смысловое и механическое запоминание, их место и роль в усвоении знаний Коммуникативные барьеры и пути их преодоления Обработка изделий медицинского назначения многократного применения Образцы текста публицистического стиля Четыре типа изменения баланса Задачи с ответами для Всероссийской олимпиады по праву Мы поможем в написании ваших работ! ЗНАЕТЕ ЛИ ВЫ?
Влияние общества на человека
Приготовление дезинфицирующих растворов различной концентрации Практические работы по географии для 6 класса Организация работы процедурного кабинета Изменения в неживой природе осенью Уборка процедурного кабинета Сольфеджио. Все правила по сольфеджио Балочные системы. Определение реакций опор и моментов защемления |
Disorder of ammonia neutralization↑ ⇐ ПредыдущаяСтр 2 из 2 Содержание книги
Поиск на нашем сайте
185. An embryo had its external layer of dental saccule experimentally destroye d. What dental structure wont have any further development? Periodontium 186. An inflammation is characterized by the dilatation of blood capillaries in the region of injury, reduced circulation, increased permeability of vessel walls. What cells play the main part in the development of these changes? Tissue basophils 187. On the 2-3 day after stomach resection a patient is still experiencing a failure of intestinal peristalsis. In order to stimulate the motility of gastrointestinal tract the following drug should be administered: Proserin 188. A 65-year-old patient with chronic heart failure has been taking digitoxin in self-administered dosages for a long tim e. She was admitted to the hospital for general health aggravation, arrhythmia, nausea, reduced diuresis, insomni a. What is the primary action to be taken? To withhold digitoxin 189. Elderly people often complain of joint pain that can be associated with age-related changes of tissue covering the joint surfac e. What tissue is it? Hyaline cartilage 190. There is a strict time limit for people to stay at a height of 8000 m above sea level without oxigen cyllinders. Specify the life-limiting factor in this case: Partial pressure of oxygen in air 191. During an acute experiment some of diluted solution of hydrochloric acid was injected into the duodenal cavity of an experimental animal. This will result in hypersecretion of the following hormone: Secretin 192. Microscopic examination of a parenchymatous organ revealed that its epithelial cords formed glomerular, fascicular and reticular zones. The central part of the organ was presented by accumulations of chromaffin cells. Specify this organ: Adrenal gland 193. A section of pulmonary tissue has a large-meshed look due to the sacciform and cylindric dilatation of the bronchi; microscopical examination of the bronchial wall reveals a leucocytal infiltration with neutrophil prevalence; elastic, muscle fibers as well as cartilage plates are partly destroyed and replaced by the connective tissu e. The adjacent pulmonary tissue has inflammation foci, fibrosis areas, vascular sclerosis and signs of emphysem a. The right ventricle hypertrophy is present. What is the most likely diagnosis? Multiple bronchiectasis 194. A 1,7-year-old child with a developmental delay and manifestations of self-agression has the concentration of uric acid in blood at the rate of 1,96 millimole/l. What metabolic disoder is this typical for? Lesch-Nyhan syndrome 195. Two weeks after haemotransfusion a patient has developed fever. What protozoal disease can be suspected? Malaria 196. Examination of a kidney tissue sampling revealed leukocyte infiltration of interstitial tissue; miliary abscesses; dystrophic tubules filled with desquamated epithelium and leukocytes. What is the most likely diagnosis? Pyelonephritis 197. A veterenary attendant working at a cattle farm complains of joint pain, fever, indisposition and sweating at nighttime that he has been experiencing for a month. Giving the regard to such presentations and occupational history the doctor suspected brucellosis. What material taken from this patient is to be analyzed in a common microbiological laboratory? Blood serum 198. After a tourniquet application a patient was found to have petechial haemorrhages. The reason for it is the dysfunction of the following cells: Platelets 199. A patient has a trauma of sternocleidomastoid muscl e. This caused a decrease in value of the following indicator of external respiration: Inspiratory reserve volume 199. A month after a serious operation a 38-year-old patient has recovered and has now positive nitrogen balanc e. Urine of this patient may be found to have low concentration of the following nitrogen-containing substance: Urea 200. During a visit to a dentist a patient has developed collaps e. What drug can be applied to manage this situation?
Mesaton
9.0 Фармакологія A woman with ischemic disease has been taking an antianginal medication that has the following properties: dilates coronary arteries, peripheral vessels (arterial and venous), reduces the need of myocardium in oxygen, improves endocardial blood circulation. Name this preparation: A Nitroglycerin A patient has been taking glucocorticoids for a long time. Drug withdrowal caused acute attack of his disease, blood pressure reduction, weakness. What are these occurences connected with? A Adrenal glands insufficiency A teenger had his tooth extracted under novocain anaesthesia. 10 minutes later he presented with skin pallor, dyspnea, hypotension. When this reaction is developed and the allergen achieves tissue basophils, it reacts with: A IgE 48 hours after tuberculine test (Mantoux test) a child had a papule up to 10 mm in diameter on the spot of tuberculine introduction. What hypersensitivity mechanism underlies the mentioned changes? A Cellular cytotoxicity A 25 year old patient had in the dentist's room a sudden attack of bronchial asthma. The doctor gave him salbutamol in the form of inhalation. What is the mechanism of action of this preparation? A Stimulates β2-adrenoreceptors A patient has myocardial infarction with thrombosis of the left coronary artery. What pharmocological preparation group should be used to reestablish blood flow? A Fibrinolysis activators During the ether narcosis a patient had evident bradycardia with threat of cardiac arrest. What medication should be used to accelerate heartbeat under condition of narcosis that shouldn't be interrupted? A Atropine
A patient with stomatitis was prescribed a medication of sulfanamide group. What is the mechanism of its antibacterial effect? A Competitive antagonism with para-aminobenzoic acid A patient with gingivitis was prescribed a gargle with a certain preparation. Its antiseptic properties are determined by atomic oxygene that slivers in presence of organic substances. It has also deodorant, adstringent (anti-inflammatory), and in big concentrations - cauterizing effect. Water solutions are used for bathing of wounds, mouth gargling and in higher concentrations - for burn treatment. It is also used for gastric lavage in case of poisoning. Name this preparation: A Potassium permanganate The preparation comlex for periodontitis treatment includes the medicine from the group of water soluble vitamins, bioflavonide derivative, which is prescribed together with ascorbic acid. This preparation has anti-oxidative properties, decreases gingival hemorrhage. What preparation is meant? A Rutin An unconscious patient was admitted to the hospital. Objectively: cold skin, miotic pupils, heavy breathing, Chaine-Stokes' periodicity, low arterial pressure, overfull urinary bladder. What caused the poisoning? A Narcotic analgetics A 30 year old patient consulted a doctor about having diarrhea and stomach aches for 5 days, temperature rise up to 37,50С with chills. The day before the patient was in a forest and drank some water from an open pond. He was diagnosed with amebic dysentery that was bacteriologically confirmed. Name the medication for treatment of this disease: A Metronidazole In course of combined therapy a patient with chronic cardiac insufficiency was taking digitoxin and furocemid. A a result he had extreme muscular weakness. What electrolyte imbalances may be revealed in his blood? A Hypokaliemia A patient with complaints of dizziness, worsening of vision acuity, sickness, salivation and spasmodic stomachaches was taken to the admission department. The diagnosis was poisoning with organophosphorous compounds. What preparations should be included into complex therapy? A Atropine sulfate and dipiroxim A surgeon cleansed his hands with 70% solution of ethyl alcochol before an operation. What is the main mechanism of preparation's antiseptic effect upon microorganisms? A Dehydratation of protoplasm proteins A patient who has been ill with tuberculosis for a long time has an intracellular mycobacteria disposition. What preparation must be included into the complex therapy of tuberculosis? A Isoniazid
A patient started bleeding after tooth extraction. What action is necessary in this case? A Adrenalin locally After tooth extraction the blood pressure of a patient fell dramatically, the patient lost consciousness. Collaptoid state was diagnosed. What drug should be used? A Cordiamin A patient who takes tetracyclin was recommended not to consume dairy products. Why did the doctor give him such recommendation? A They inhibit antibiotic absorption A stomatologists examined first-grade pupils and revealed that one of children had yellowish brown teeth, two of them were split. Heretofore the pupil was treated with "some pills" on account of pneumonia. What medication could have had such a negative effect upon teeth? A Doxycycline A 50 year old patient with ischemic disease was prescribed an antiaggregant preparation. The patient was taking overdoses of this preparation. It resulted in nausea, vomiting, stomach pain during fasting. What preparation was the patient prescribed? A Acetylsalicylic acid Name the drug group that can reduce need of myocardium for oxygene, decrease force of heartbeat and inhibit lipolysis: A β-adrenoceptor blockers A patient was attacked by bees. He was taken to the hospital with Quincke's edema. What antihistaminic medication without sedative effect sholuld be prescribed the patient? A Diasoline A patient with thyreotoxicosis was prescribed a medication that inhibits enzyme systems taking part in synthesis of thyroid gland hormones. What medication is it? A Mercazolile A purulent wound was treated with a solution that had antiseptic effect and contributed to the mechanical wound cleansing. What solution was used? A Hydrogen peroxide A patient with tuberculosis was prescribed a certain medication as a part of complex therapy - derivative of isonicotinic acid hydrazide. Name this preparation: A Isoniazide A patient with essential hypertension takes enalapril. What mechanism of action has this hypotensive medication? A Inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme After a surgical procedure a patient felt ill with enteroparesis. What medication from the group of anticholinesterase drugs should be prescribed? A Proserin A patient with chronic alcoholism has symptoms of polyneuritis and cardiac insufficiensy. What vitamin preparation should be prescribed to this patient? A Thiamine A patient has a slowly healing fracture. What medcine can be used to accelerate formation of connective tissue matrix? A Methyluracil Removal of a foreign body from patient's eye involves local anesthesia with lidocaine. What is the action mechanism of this medication? A It disturbs passing of Na+ through the membrane A patient with myocardium infarction was prescribed an analgetic in order to stop pain syndrome. The patient felt better but overdose caused weakness, myosis, respiratory depression. What medication was prescribed? A Morphine For treatment of skin diseases with apparent inflammation in the maxillofacial area the topical glucocorticoids are applied. What preparation has the minimal resorptive effect? A Flumethasoni pivalas A patient complains of painful cracks in mouth angles. What sulfanilamide can be recommended for local treatment of angular stomatitis? A Streptocide liniment What antihelmintic medication is used for stimulation of immune system in case of chronic generalized periodontitis? A Levamisole Leukoses are treated with antimetabolite methotrexate. What vitamin is its antagonist? A Folic acid Mother of a two year old child consulted a dentist. In the period of pregnancy she was non-systematically taking antibiotics to treat an infectious disease. The child's examination revealed incisor destruction, yellow enamel, brown limbus of dental cervix. What preparation was mother taking during her pregnancy? A Doxycycline A 36 year old man with craniocerebral trauma has diminished breath sounds, thready pulse, reflexes are absent. What route of pyracetam introduction is the most suitable in this case? A Intravenous A patient is being operated under inhalation narcosis with nitrous oxide. It is known that it has evident lipophilic properties. What mechanism is responsible for transporting this preparation through biological membranes? A Passive diffusion A patient was operated on account of abdominal injury with application of tubocurarin. At the end of operation, after the respiration had been restored, the patient got injection of gentamicin. It caused a sudden respiratory standstill and relaxation of skeletal muscles. What effect underlies this phenomenon? A Potentiation A child suspected for tuberculosis underwent Mantoux test. 24 hours after allergen injection there appeared a swelling, hyperaemia and tenderness. What are the main components in the development of this reaction? A Mononuclears, T-lymphocytes and lymphokines A surgeon used novocaine as an anaesthetic during surgical manipulations. 10 minutes after it the patient became pale, he got dyspnea and hypotension. What type of allergic reaction is it? A Anaphylactic A 70 year old patient suffering from cardiac insufficiency has been uncontrolledly taking digoxin that resulted in extrasystole, vomiting, vision impairment, anxiety, sleep disturbance, reduction of diuresis. Application of drugs relating to the following group will be pathogenetically reasonable in this case: A Donators of sulfhydric groups A patient was admitted to a surgical department for an operation. He has to undergo neuroleptanalgesia. To achieve neuroleptanalgesia it would be rational to combine fentanyl with the following medicine: A Droperidol To prevent possible negative effect upon the gastric mucsa a patient with rheumatoid arthritis was administered a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug - a COX-2 selective inhibitor. Specify this drug: A Celecoxib A patient suffering from chronic bronchitis takes a synthetic mucolytic drug that stimulates sputum liquefaction. What drug is it? A Acetylcysteine A 30 year old woman has been continuously using lipstick with a fluorescent substance that led to development of a limited erythema on the prolabium, slight peeling, and later small transversal sulci and fissures. Microscopical examination of the affected zone revealed in the connective tissue sensibilized lymphocytes and macrophages, effects of cytolysis. What type of immunological hypersensitivity has developed on the lip? A IV type (cellular cytotoxicity) What contraction of upper extremity muscles will be observed during holding (but not moving) a load in a certain position? A Isometric A 5 y.o. child's enamel and dentin are striated with yellowish-brown stripes, the child has also dentin exposure, multiple caries. It is known that the child's mother had been taking antibiotics during her pregnancy. What medication might have caused such by-effect? A Tetracycline A patient who has been traeted in a neurological clinic with sedatives for a long time has the following complications: cough, rhinitis, lacrimation. What preparation might have caused such disorders? A Sodium bromide
During anaesthetization of the oral cavity mucous tunic a patient developed anaphylactic shock (generalized vasodilatation, increase in vascular permeability along with escape of liquid to the tissues). What type of hypersensitivity has the patient developed? A I type (anaphylactic)
Hemotransfusion stimulated development of intravascular erythrocyte hemolysis. The patient has the following type of hypersensitivity: A II type hypersensitivity (antibody-dependent) A patient suffering form tuberculosis was treated with rifampicin, which caused drug resistance of tuberculosis mycobacteria. In order to reduce mycobacteria resistance, rifampicin should be combined with the following drug: A Isoniazid 6.0 Патологічна фізіологія A married couple applied to the genetic consultation in order to consult about their child with multiple abnormalities (microcephaly, idiocy etc). The woman has had an illnesses during her pregnancy but she didn't take any teratogens or mutagens. The parents' and the child's karyotype is normal. Anamnesis study revealed that the family kept a cat. What gravidic disease caused the child's abnormalities? A Toxoplasmosis A patient who takes a blocker of membrane cytoreceptors of efferent conductor synapses of autonomic nervous system complains about dry mouth. What receptors are blocked? A Muscarinic cholinoreceptors Examination of a patient revealed enlargement of some body parts (jaw, nose, ears, feet, hands), but body proportions were conserved. It might be caused by intensified secretion of the following hormone: A Somatotropin A patient complains about attacks of laboured breathing, dizziness. He works at a chemical plant producing hydrocyanic acid. The described symptoms might be associated with dysfunction of the following enzyme: A Cytochrome oxidase After sprinting untrained people feel muscular pain as a result of lactate accumulation. I may be connected with intensification of the following biochemical process: A Glycolysis What vitamin deficiency leads to both disorder of reproductive function and distrophy of skeletal muscles? A Vitamin E Toxic pulmonary edema was reproduced on a laboratory rat by means of ammonium chloride solution. What is the leading pathogenetic factor of this edema? A Increased permeability of capillars 15 minutes after a car accident examination of a 35 year old man revealed massive injury of lower extremities without serious external loos of blood. The victim is in excited state. What component of pathogenesis of traumatic shock is basic and requires urgent correction? A Pain A patient has disorder of airways patency at the level of small and middle bronchs. What changes of acid-base balance may take place? A Respiratory acidosis The body temperature of a patient with an infectious disease rises once in two days up to 39,5-40,50С and stays so for about an hour and then drops to the initial level. What type of fever is it? A Intermittent A 23 year patient was admitted to the hospital in grave condition with craniocerebral trauma. His respiration is characterized by a spasmodic long inspiration interrupted by a short expiration. What respiration type is it typical for? A Apneustic Two days after myocardial infarction a patient had a sudden systolic pressure decrease up to 60 mm, tachycardia up to 140/min, dyspnea; the patient lost consciousness. What mechanism is principal for the shock pathogenesis? A Decrease of cardiac volume After a psychoemotional stress a 48 year old patient had a sudden attack of acute heart pain with irradiation to the left hand. Nitroglycerine suppressed pain in 10 minutes. What pathogenetic mechanism is principal for the pain development? A Spasm of coronary vessels A 40 year old man who took part in disaster-management at a nuclear power plant fell sick with paradontitis. What etiological agent is the most important for the development of this pathology? A Emotional stress A woman after labor lost 20 kg of body weight, her hair and teeth fall out, she has muscle atrophy (hypophysial cachexia). Synthesis of what hypophysis hormone is disturbed? A Somatotropic Climbing the mountains at a height of 5000 m climbers started complaining of breath shortness, palpitation, vertigo, ring in the ears. What pathogenetic factor determines the development of these occurances? A Hypoxemia Damage of one of the reactors at a nuclear power plant resulted in runout of radioactive products. People who were present in the high-radiation area got approximately 250-300 R. They were urgently taken to the hospital. What blood changes will be typical for this period? A Lymphopenia A year after subtotal stomach resection on account of ulcer of lesser curvature the following blood changes were revealed: anemia, leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia, color index - 1,3, megaloblasts and megalocytes. What factor deficiency caused the development of thos pathology? A Castle's factor A 45 year old patient was taken to the hospital by an emergency team with serious cranial trauma in shock condition. Objectively: unconscious, skin is pale, body t0- 35,00С, low muscular tonus, reflexes are absent, pulse is rapid and weak, AP- 50/30 mm Hg. What clinical shock stage is it? A Terminal stage After traumatic tooth extraction a patient complains of a severe dull pain without accurate localization in his gum, body temperature rise up to 37,50С. He was diagnosed with alveolitis. What type of pain does the patient have? A Protopathic After poisoning with an unknown drug a 37 year old patient has stereotypical face muscle contractions that imitate blinking and squinting. What form of motor function disorder of nervous system is it? A Hyperkinesia A 12 year old boy came home from school and started complaining of headache, sickness, chill, periodical muscle pain, appetite loss, flabbiness. What period of illness are these symptoms typical for? A Prodromal Rabbits lived on food with addition of cholesterol. Five months later the atherosclerotic aorta changes were revealed. Name the main cause of atherogenesis in this case: A Exogenous hypercholesterolemia A patient with primary nephrotic syndrome has the following content of whole protein: 40 g/l. What factor caused hypoproteinemia? A Proteinuria A man who took part in disaster-management at a nuclear power plant had hemorrhagic syndrome at the same time with acute radiation sickness. What is the most important thing for the pathogenesis of this syndrome? A Thrombocytopenia Four months ago a 43 year old patient had a traumatic amputation of his lower extrimity. Now he complains of sensing the amputated extremity and having constantly grave, sometimes unbearable pain in it. What type of pain does he have? A Phantom In crisis period a 14 year old child ill with diphtheria has AP- 70/50 mm Hg accompanied by abrupt fall in temperature and tachycardia. What form of vascular tone disturbance is it? A Acute hypotension After a long-lasting and grave illness the blood pressure of a patient fell up to 60/40 mm; he has tachicardia, dyspnea, black-out. How can this state be defined? A Preagony A patient ill with jaundice has increased content of conjugated bilirubin and bile acids in blood, no stercobilinogen in urine. What jaundice are these symptomps typical for? A Obstructive A newborn child ill with pylorostenosis has frequent vomiting accompanied by apathy, weakness, muscular hypertonia, sometimes convulsions. What form of acid-base balance disorder has developed? A Nongaseous alkalosis A 19 year old patient was diagnosed with chronic acquired hemolytic anemia. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of this pathology's development? A Autoimmune hemolysis A 56 year old man was taken to the hospital with complaints of general weakness, pain and burning in the region of tongue, extremity numbness. In the past he had resection of cardiac part of ventricle. Blood test: Hb- 80 g/L; RBC- 2,0*1012/L; colour index of blood- 1,2; leukocytes - 3,5*109/L. What type of anemy is it? A В12 folic-deficient After recovering from epidemic parotiditis a patient began to lose weight, he was permanently thirsty, drank a lot of water, had frequent urination, voracious appetite. Now he has complaints of skin itch, weakness, furunculosis. His blood contains: glucose - 16 mmole/L, ketone bodies - 100 mcmole/L; glucosuria. What disease has developed? A Insulin-dependent diabetes A patient dropped into an ice hole, froze in the wind and fell ill. Body temperature rose up to 39,7oC and varied from 39,0oC to 39,8oC. Name the type of the patient's temperature profile? A Febris continua A patient has the following diagnosis: renal hypertension. What is the initial pathogenetic factor of arterial hypertension development in this case? A Renal ischemia A diver who has been staying at the depth of 40 m for a long time fell ill with caisson disease as a result of decompression. The main pathogenetic factor is the following embolism: A Gaseous A 65 year old patient suddenly died. She suffered from thrombophlebitis of deep veins of shin. Autopsy revealed: trunk and bifurcation of pulmonary artery contain red loose masses with dull corrugated surface. What pathological process did the morbid anatomist reveal in pulmonary artery? A Thromboembolism Skin samples of a patient with bronchial asthma revealed allergen sensitization of poplar fuzz. What factor of immune system plays the main part in development of this immunopathological state? A IgE A patient with insulin-dependent diabetes had an insulin injection. Some time later he felt weakness, irritability, excessive sweating. What is the main reason of these disorders? A Carbohydrate starvation of brain For the purpose of disinfection of nonmetallic surgical instruments the formaldehyde solution was used. What group does this anticeptic preparation belong to according to its chemical structure? A Aliphatics A patient with an acute myocarditis has the clinic presentations of cardiogenic shock. What pathogenetic mechanism plays the main part in shock development? A Disorder of pumping ability of heart A patient with inflammation of trigeminal nerve has been having progressive paradontitis for some years. What factor is the most important for parodontitis development? A Neurodistrophic disorders A patient with streptococcal infection of gums was prescribed a drug that contained β-lactam ring in its structure. Which drug relates to this group? A Benzylpenicillin Potassium cyanide that is a poison came into a patient's organism and caused death a few minutes after it. The most probable cause of its toxic effect was abnormal activity of: A Cytochrome oxidase A patient was admitted to a hospital with poisoning with unsound food. His stomach was lavaged with solution of potassium permanganate. What is its mechanism of action? A Release of atomic oxygen Hydrocyanic acid and cyanides are the most violent poisons. According to the dose the death follows after a few seconds or minutes. The death is caused by the inhibited activity of the following enzyme: A Cytochrome oxidase Treatment of many diseases involves use of cocarboxylase (thiamine pyrophosphate) for supplying cells with energy. What metabolic process is activated in this case? A Oxidizing decarboxylation of pyruvate A typical symptom of cholera is great loss of water and sodium ions. What mechanism underlies development of diarrhea in this case? A Activation of adenylate cyclase of enterocytes A newborn has signs of dyspepsia after milk feeding. Symptoms of dyspepsia disappear when milk is substituted for glucose solution. The newborn has low activity of the following enzyme: A Lactase For the preparation of the burned skin surface of a patient a certain medication was applied. Its antiseptic properties are provided by free oxygen released in presence of organic substances. What medication is it? A Potassium permanganate A 30 y.o. patient is diagnosed with amebic dysentery. This diagnosis was bacteriologically confirmed. Name the preparation for its treatment: A Metronidazole For infection prevention a patient who underwent appendectomy was prescribed a cephalosporin antibiotic. Antimicrobial activity of these antibiotics is called forth by the disturbance of the following process: A Microbial wall formation It is required to disinfect equipment in a dental room. Choose a preparation without disagreeable odour and colouring power: A Chlorhexidine bigluconate A group of researchers set an experiment and obtained anucleate mutant cells. In the first place they will have disturbed synthesis of the following compounds: A Ribosomal RNA A patient consulted a dentis about a lesion of his oral mucosa. He was diagnosed with herpetic stomatitis. Which of the following drugs will have an effect on etiotropic factor? A Acyclovir A patient consulted a dentist about itching and burning in the oral cavity; high temperature. The patient was diagnosed with trichomonal gingivostomatitis. What drug should be chosen for his treatment? A Metronidazole A patient is ill with herpetic stomatitis provoked by immunosuppression. What preparation introduced intravenously, internally and locally can provide antiviral and immunopotentiating effect? A Acyclovir A patient suffering form stomatitis was prescribed oral rinsing. Which antiseptic from the oxidant group is the most suitable for this purpose? A Potassium permanganate
8.0 Мікробіологія A patient's preliminary diagnosis is toxoplasmosis. What material was used for diagnostics of this disease? A Blood As a result of dehelmintization a 2 m helminth came out with feces. It had segmented body, small head with four suckers and hooks. Name the type of helminth: A Armed tapeworm A scientific expedition in India was guided by a native who had never parted with his dog. What invasion diseases can be transmitted to the participants of the expedition as a result of contacts with this dog if it is known to be the source of invasion? A Echinococcosis After consumption some tinned meat a patient had diplopia, acute headache, deglutition disorder, hard breathing, muscle weakness. The diagnosis was botulism. What factor of pathogenicity are the clinic presentations of this disease connected with? A Exotoxin Retrospective diagnostics of old bacillary dysentery required serologic examination of blood serum in order to determine blood titer to the shigells. What reaction should be applied for this purpose? A Reaction of passive hemagglutination A patient has high sunlight sensitivity of skin. During standing his urine turns dark-brown. What is the most probable cause of this condition? A Porphyria A 62 year old patient with cerebral haemorrhage was admitted to the neurological department in grave condition. Objectively: increase of respiration depth and rate with its following reduction to apnoea, thereafter respiration cycle restores. What respiration type is it? A Cheyne-Stokes A 50-year-old male patient suffers from chronic bronchitis, complains about dyspnea during physical activity, sustained cough with sputum. After examination he was diagnosed with pulmonary emphysema. This complication is caused by: A Decrease in lung elasticity The contents of vesicles from the mucous tunic of a man who has smallpox variola was sent to the virusologic laboratory. What will be revealed during microscopy of smears? A Paschen's corpuscles A laboratory received a material (extract of animal matter) from the region with cases of anthrax among animals. What serological reaction should be used in order to reveal antigenes of pathogenic organism in the given material? A Thermoprecipitation Bacteriological laboratory has the task to sterilize nutrient mediums containing substances that convert under the temperature over 1000С (urea, carbohydrates). What method of sterilization should be used? A Fluid steam sterilization A patient was taken to the hospital with complaints of headache, high temperature, frequent stool, stomach pain with tenesmus. Doctor made a clinical diagnosis dysentery and sent the material (excrements) to the bacteriological laboratory for analysis. What diagnostic method should the laboratory doctor use to confirm or to disprove the clinical diagnosis? A Bacteriological Bacteriological examination of purulent discharges from urethra revealed some bacteries that had negative Gram's stain, resembled of coffee corns, decomposed glucose and maltose up to acid. They were located in leukocutes. What disease do they cause? A Gonorrhea A patient in the oral surgery department has got purulent complication. Bacteriological analysis of the wound material found a culture that produces cyan pigment. What microorganism is the most probable causative agent? A Pseudomonas aeruginosa Sputum smears of a patient with chronic pulmonary disease were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen method and analyzed in the bacteriological laboratory. Microscopy revealed red bacillus. What property of tuberculosis myobacteria was found? A Acid resistance A patient who suffered form syphilis took a course of antibiotic therapy and fully recovered. Some time later he was infected again with Treponema pallidum. What form of infection is it? A Reinfection Professional dentists belong to the risk group concerning professional infection with viral hepatitis type B. Name an effective method for active prevention of this disease among the dentists: A Vaccination with recombinant vaccine A lot of pyoinflammatory processes in oral cavity are caused by anaerobes. What nutrient medium can be used for conrol of wound textile contamination by anaerobes? A Kitt-Tarozzi Microscopic analysis of tissue sampling from affected area of mucous membrane of oral cavity revealed bacillus in form of accumulations that looked like a pack of cigarettes. Ziehl-Neelsen staining gives them red colour. What kind of pathogenic organism was most likely revealed in tissue sampling? A M.leprae A patient with clinical presentations of primary immunodeficiency displays disturbance of antigen-presenting function by immunocompetent cells. What cells may have structure defect? A Macrophages, monocytes From the purulent exudate of a patient with odontogenic phlegmon a pure culture of Gram(+) microorganisms was segregated. This culture was lecithinously active, coagulated plasma of a rabbit, decomposed mannitol under anaerobe conditions. What microorganism may have contributed to the origin of suppurative complication? A S.aureus A doctor examined a patient with recurrent aphthous stomatitis with concominant candidosis and decided to eliminate a possibility of HIV-infection. What examination can help to clear the situation up and make a provisional diagnosis? A Immune-enzyme analysis
A patient has pure culture of diphtheria corynebacteria. What immunological reaction should be used in order to determine bacteria toxigenity? A Precipitation in agar An infectious diseases hospital admitted a veterinarian with assumed brucellosis. What serologic test can confirm this diagnosis? A Wright's agglutination reaction In case of many infectious diseases patient's blood may contain antigens of causative agents. What reaction should be applied provided that the level of antigenemia is low? A Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay A pregnant woman applied to a doctor with complaints typical for toxoplasmosis. The doctor took a sample of her blood. What serological tests should be performed in this case? A Complement binding assay A doctor recorded in the medical history that a patient had hypopnoe (reduced respiration depth). It means that the following characteristic of external respiration is reduced: A Respiratory volume Specific prophylaxis involved application of a vaccine containing microorganisms and exotoxin detoxicated by formalin. It relates to the following type of vaccine: A Combined After continuous treatment with antibiotics a patient got symptoms of stomatitis. Examination of specimens of oral mucous membrane revealed some oval polymorphous Gram-positive microorganisms arranged in clusters. What microorganism may be the cause of such manifestations? A С.albicans Examination of a child revealed growth of a pharyngeal tonsil causing the obstructed air escape from nasal cavity. What openings of nasal cavity are blocked in this case? A Choanae
5.0 Біохімія A girl who was provisionally diagnosed with Turner's syndrome came to a genetic consultation. The diagnosis can be specified by means of the following genetic method: A Sex chromatin test A patient has mental retardation, small height, brachydactyly, mongoloid slant. Analysys of his karyotype revealed trisomy 21. What chromosomal anomaly is it? A Down's disease Microscopical examination of discharges from the gums of a patient ill with paradontosis revealed some protozoan pear-shaped organisms 6-13 micrometer long. The parasite has one nucleus and undulating membrane, there are four flagella at the front of its body. What protozoan were found? A Trichomonads A female patient has symptoms of inflammation of urogenital tracts. A smear from the vaginal mucous membrane contained big unicellular pyriform organisms with a sharp spike on the back end of their bodies; big nucleus and undulating membrane. What protozoa were revealed in the smear? A Trichomonas vaginalis Among public catering workers examined by doctors of sanitary-and-epidemiologic station often occur asymptomatic parasite carriers. This means that a healthy person carries cysts that infect other people. Such parasitizing is impossible for the following causative agent: A Dysenteric amoeba Two weeks after hemotransfusion a patient developed fever. What protozoal disease can be suspected? A Malaria Helminthological examination of patient's feces revealed oval brown eggs with tuberous external membrane. Name the type of helminth: A Ascarid A blood smear of a patient who has recently recovered from flu contains 10\% of roundish cells 4,5-7 micrometer large with a big round nucleus and basophilically stained cytoplasm in form of a narrow border around the nucleus. What blood status are they typical for? A Lymphocytopenia A child has abnormal formation of tooth enamel and dentin as a result of low concentration of calcium ions in blood. Such abnormalities might be caused by deficiency of the following hormone: A Parathormone A patient has the sudden decrease of Са2+ content in blood. What hormone secretion will increase? A Parathormone Hepatic disfunctions accompanied by insufficient inflow of bile to the bowels result in coagulation failure. This phenomenon can be explained by: A Vitamin K deficiency Examination of a child who hasn't got fresh fruit and vegetables during winter revealed numerous subcutaneous hemorrhages, gingivitis, carious cavities in teeth. What vitamin combination should be prescribed in this case? A Ascorbic acid and rutin A patient has increased permeability of blood-vessel walls, increased gingival hemorrhage, small punctate hematomas on his skin, falling of teeth. What disturbance of vitamun metabolism can account for these symptoms? A Hypovitaminosis C A one year old child has enlarged head and belly, retarded cutting of teeth, destruction of enamel structure. What hypovitaminosis causes these changes? A Hypovitaminosis D To what total ATP quantity is the full glucose oxidation and its linking with phosphorylation equivalent? A 38 A patient with diabetes mellitus had an insuline injection. It caused loss of consciousness and convulsions. What was the result of biochemic blood analysis on glucose content? A 2,5 mmоle/l l A patient with chronic hypoglycemia had adrenaline introduction. After introduction blood test hasn't changed essentially. Doctor assumed liver pathology. What liver function may have been changed? A Function of glycogen depositing For assessment of the neutralizing function of liver a patient with chronic hepatitis went through a test with natrium benzoate load. The excretion of what acid with urine will characterize the neutrolizing function of liver? A Hippuric acid A patient with high obesity was recommended to take carnitine as a food additive for better fat burning. What function is fulfilled by carnitine in the process of fat oxidation? A Transport of fatty acids from the cytosol to the mitochondria Examination of urine in a newborn revealed presence of citrulline and high ammonia concentration. This baby is most likely to have the disorder of the following substance production: A Urea A 57 year old patient with diabetes mellitus was developed ketoacedosis. Biochemical base of this condition is smaller extent of acetyl-CoA utilization. What cell compound deficit causes this effect? A Oxaloacetate Examination of a 6 days old infant revealed phenyl pyruvate and phenyl acetate excess in his urine. What aminoacid metabolism is disturbed in the child's organism? A Phenylalanine A patient has painfulness along big nerve trunks and excessive content of pyruvate in blood. What vitamin deficit may cause such changes? A В1 A patient who is ill with scurvy displays disturbed processes of connective tissue formation that leads to loosening and falling of teeth. Disturbed activity of what enzyme causes these symptomps? A Lisilhydroxylase Decreased ratio of adenylic nucleotides ATP/ADP results in intensified glycolysis in parodentium tissues under hypoxia conditions. What reaction is activated in this case? A Phosphofructokinase A sportsman was recommended to take a preparation with carnitine in order to improve his achievements. What process is activated by carnitine to the most extent? A Transporting of fatty acids to the mitochondrions A patient has liver cirrhosis. Analysis of what substance excreted with urine may characterize the state of antitoxic liver function? A Hippuric acid Cyanide poisoning causes immediate death. What is the mechanism of cyanide effect at the molecular level? A They inhibit cytochromoxidase
A patient has the folowing changes: disorder of twilight vision, drying out of conjunctiva and cornea. Such disorders may be caused by deficiency of vitamin: A Vitamin A A patient was taken to the hospital with preliminary diagnosis progressive muscle distrophy. What substance will be excessively contained in urine and confirm this diagnosis? A Creatine A child has disturbed enamel and dentine formation as a result of decreased content of calcium ions in his blood. What hormone deficiency may cause such changes? A Thyreocalcitonin A chiled was diagnosed with acute renal failure. What biochemic saliva indices can confirm this diagnosis? A Increased level of rest nitrogen A child has disturbed processes of ossification and "punctate" enamel. What microelement metabolism is disturbed? A Fluorine Periodontitis is accompanied by activation of proteolysis in the periodontium tissues. The evidence of proteolysis activation is increase of the following component of oral liquid: A Amino acids Examination of an ill child's blood revealed inherited hyperlipoproteinemia. Genetic defect of what enzyme synthesis causes this phenomenon? A Lipoprotein lipase A 28 year old pregnant woman had the enzymes in the cells of amniotic fluid analyzed. The analysis revealed insufficient activity of $\beta$-glucuronidase. What pathological process is it? A Mucopolysaccharidosis A 42 year old woman diagnosed with diabetes mellitus was admitted th the endocrinological department with complaints of thirst, excessive appetite. What pathological components are revealed in course of laboratory examination of the patient's urine? A Glucose, ketone bodies After implantation of a cardiac valve a young man constantly takes indirect anticoagulants. His state was complicated by hemorrhage. What substance content has decreased in blood? A Prothrombin A patient has increased content of uric acid in his blood that is clinically presented by pain syndrome as a result of urate deposition in the joints. What process does this acid result from? A Lysis of purine nucleotides A non trained man has usually muscular hypoxy after a sprint. What metabolite accumulates in the muscles as a result of it? A Lactate Myocyte cytoplasm contains a big number of dissolved metabolites of glucose oxidation. Name one of them that turns directly into lactate: A Pyruvate Chronic overdosage of glucocorticoids leads to the development of hyperglycemia. What process of carbohydrate metabolism is responsible for this effect? A Gluconeogenesis Patient with pigmentary xeroderma are characterized by anamalously high sensivity to ultraviolet rays that causes skin cancer as a result of enzyme systems incapability to restore damages of hereditary apparatus of cells. What process abnormality is this pathology connected with? A DNA reparation In compliance with the clinical presentations a man was prescribed pyridoxalphosphate. What processes are corrected by this preparation? A Transamination and decarboxylation of amino acids A 2 year old child suffers from intestinal dysbacteriosis that lead to the development hemorrhagic syndrome. The most probable cause of hemorrhage is: A Vitamin K deficiency Examination of a 30-year-old man's mandible revealed in the region of his molar a dense tumour-like formation that significantly deformed the mandible. Here and there the formation wasn't fully detached from the bone tissue. Microscopical examination of a tissue sampling revealed that stroma had some cords and follicles with odontogenous cylindric epithelial cells in peripheria and stellate cells resembling of the enamel oragan pulp in the centre. What is the most likely diagnosis? A Ameloblastoma
A patient has deformation of jaw bones. Histological examination revealed there growth of fibrocellular tumour-like ill-defined tissue with primitive osteogenesis. What disease are these presentations typical for? A Fibrous dysplasia The first grade pupils went through a medical examination aimed at selection of children needing tuberculosis revaccination. What test was applied? A Mantoux test A 10 year old child underwent Mantoux test (with tuberculin). 48 hours later there apperaed a papule up to 8 mm in diameter on the site of tuberculin injection. Tuberculin injection caused the following hypersensitivity reaction: A IV type hypersensitivity reaction The activity of parotides reduces with age. Activity of what enzyme in saliva will be reducing? A Amylase While the examination of patient's oral cavity the dentist found xerostomia, numerous erosions. What vitamin deficit caused this effect? A Vitamin A A patient with focal tuberculosis of superior lobe of his right lung takes isoniazid as a part of combined therapy. After a time he started complaining of muscular weakness, decrease of skin sensitivity, sight and movement coordination disorder. What vitamin preparation will be right for elimination of these occurances? A Vitamin В6 Up to 50% of world population aged above thirty is affected by paradontosis. The leading part in pathogenesis of this disease is played by: A Neurodystrophic factor While examining a blood smear taken form a patient and stained by Romanovsky's method a doctor revealed some protozoa and diagnozed the patient with Chagas disease. What protozoan is the causative agent of this disease? A Trypanosoma cruzi A 38 year old patient takes aspirin and sulfanilamides. After their intake intensified erythrocyte haemolysis is observed which is caused by deficiency of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. This pathology is caused by failure of the following coenzyme: A NADP-H In the mountains some clinically healthy people present with anaemia symptoms. Blood test can reveal sickle cells. What is the genotype of such people? A Аа Active physical work induces rise of concentration of carbonic acid in blood. This causes deepening and acceleration of respiration thus reducing concentration of carbonic acid and hydrogen ions in blood. This maintains the following process: A Homeostasis During physical exercise people are less sensitive to pain. The reason for it is the activation of: A Antinociceptive system A patient was diagnosed with seborrheic dermatitis associated with vitamin H (biotin) deficiency. The patient has disturbed activity of the following enzyme: A Acetyl-CoA-carboxylase Coprological examination of a patient's feces revealed small operculate eggs. It is known from the anamnesis that the patient often consumes fish. What fluke parasitizes in the patient's organism? A Cat liver fluke While on holiday in the countryside a boy found a spider with the following morphological peculiarities: body length at the rate of 2 cm, round black abdomen with two rows of red dots on its dorsal surface, four pairs of segmented extremities covered with tiny black hairs. Identify this arthropod: A Steppe spider (Latrodectus tredecimguttatus) A patient applied to a doctor complaining about dizziness, memory impairment, periodical convulsions. It was found out that such changes were caused by a product of glutamic acid decarboxylation. What product is meant? A GABA A hospital admitted a patient with complaints about abdominal swelling, diarrhea, meteorism after consumption of food rich in proteins. It is indicative of disturbed protein digestion and their intensified decaying. What substance is the product of this process in the bowels? A Indole A sportsman needs to improve his sporting results. He was recommended a drug containing carnitine. What process is activated by this compound in the first place? A Transport of fatty acids Laboratory examination of a child revealed high content of leucine, valine, isoleucine and their ketoderivates in blood and urine. Urine had the typical smell of maple syrup. This disease was caused by deficiency of the following enzyme: A Dehydrogenase of branched amino acids In order to speed up healing of the thermal injury it is required to prescribe a drug that facilitates epithelization of skin and mucous membranes. What drug is it? A Retinol acetate A 28 year old woman consulted a doctor about sterility. Examination revealed underdeveloped ovaries and uterus, irregular menstrual cycle. Study of sex chromatin revealed 2 Barr's bodies in most somatic cells. What chromosome disease is the most probable in this case? A Triplo-X syndrome Dehelmintization of a patient revealed some long fragments of a helminth with segmented structure. Mature segments were rectangular, 30x12 mm large, closed-type matrix was in form of a stem with 17-35 lateral branches. Specify this helminth: A Hookless tapeworm A man got poisoned with mushrooms. They contain muscarine that stimulates muscarinic cholinoreceptors. What symptom is typical for poisoning with inedible mushrooms? A Miosis A patient suffering from syphilis was prescribed a drug the action of which based upon disturbed generation of murein leading to death of the causative agent. What drug is it? A Benzylpenicillin sodium salt Examination of a 10 y.o. child revealed on the alveolar submandibular process a fixed tumourous mass 1,5 cm in diameter closing premolar crown on the vestibular side. Mucous membrane of its surface is reddish-brown, it bleeds as a reaction to a slight mechanical intervention. Biopsy results: the mass consists of small size vessels separated by thin layers of connective tissue and infiltrated by plasmocytes, mucous membrane is here and there ulcered. What is the most probable diagnosis? A Angiomatous form of epulis A 40-year-old male patient had a tumour-like formation 8x7 cm large on his neck. A surgeon removed it only partially because of close connection with large vessels. Microscopical examination revealed marked cellular and tissue atypism, lipoblast-type cells in different stages of maturity, with polymorphism and nuclear hyperchromia, pathological mitoses, necrosis foci. Specify the histological form of the tumour: A Liposarcoma A patient has roundish ulcers on his face, inflammation and enlargement of lymph nodes. These symptoms turned up as a result of mosquito bites. Laboratory examination of discharge from the ulcers revealed unicellular aflagellar organisms. What is the most probable diagnosis? A Dermatotropic leishmaniasis A dentist was examining oral cavity of a 9 year old child in the buccal surface of gingiva in the area of the lower canine he revealed a red, soft, node-like formation 1 cm in diameter that started immediately bleeding when touched. Microscopical examination revealed that this formation consisted of many small vessels like venules and capillaries separated by thin layers of connective tissue, with focal infiltration by lymphoid and plasmatic cells. Such changes are typical for: A Angiomatous epulis During examination of a 36-year-old woman a dentist revealed a formation in form of a nodule up to 0,8 cm in diameter, of dark brown-red colour, soft, on a wide base. The formation was found on the buccal surface of gum in the region of the 2nd molar. Histological examination revealed that the formation had plenty of sinus
|
||||
Последнее изменение этой страницы: 2016-09-18; просмотров: 901; Нарушение авторского права страницы; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы! infopedia.su Все материалы представленные на сайте исключительно с целью ознакомления читателями и не преследуют коммерческих целей или нарушение авторских прав. Обратная связь - 3.149.24.70 (0.014 с.) |