Політичний та адміністративний устрої України. Узгодження часів

Vocabulary

· a government – уряд

· duty ['dju:tɪ] – обов'язок

· to be divited into – ділитись на

· body – орган

· legislative ['ledʒislətiv] – законодавча влада

· executive [ig'zekjutiv] – виконавча влада

· judicial [dʒu:'dɪʃ(ə)l] – судовий

· to make laws – створювати закони

· to elect [i'lekt] – обирати

· election – вибори

· ballot ['bælət] – виборчий бюллетень

· on behalf of - на користь

· to fulfil [ful'fil] – виконувати, здійснювати

· jurisdiction [dʒʊ(ə)rɪs'dɪkʃ(ə)n] - судочинство.

 

Exercise № 1: Read and translate the text:

The Constitution shows the structure of the national government and specifies its powers and duties. Under the Constitution the powers of the government are divided into three branches - the legislative which consists of the Verhovna Rada, the executive, headed by the President, and the judicial, which is led by the Supreme Court.

The parliament - the Verhovna Rada is the only body of the legislative power in Ukraine. There are 450 people deputies who are elected for a term of four years on the basis of universal, equal election by the secret ballot.

The Verhovna Rada`s main function is making laws. Law drafting work is performed by its Committees.The Verhovna Rada adopts the State Budget for the period from January 1 to December 31 and controls the execution of it. The monetary unit of Ukraine is the Hrivnia.

The President of Ukraine is the head of the state and speaks on behalf of it. He is elected directly by the voters for a term of five years with no more then two full terms.

The highest body of the executive power is the Cabinet of Ministers. It is responsible to the President and is accountable to the Verhovna Rada. It carries out domestic and foreign policy of the State, the fulfilment of the Constitution, as well as the acts of the President, develops and fulfils national programs on the economic, scientific and technological, social and cultural development of Ukraine.

Justice in Ukraine is exercised by courts. It is administered by the Constitution Court and by courts of general jurisdiction. The Supreme Court of Ukraine is the highest juridical body of general jurisdiction.

 

Exercise № 2: Answer the question:

11. What is the Constitution?

12. What does the Constitution show? (its function)

13. What branches of power do you know in Ukraine?

14. What does the legislative branch consist of?

15. What does the executive branch consist of?

16. What does the judicial branch consist of?

17. What is the Verhovna Rada?

18. How many deputies are there in Ukraine?

19. What term are the deputies elected for?

20. What is the Verhovna Rada`s main function?

21. What does the Verhovna Rada adopt and control?

22. What is the currency of Ukraine?

23. What term is the President elected for?

24. What is the highest body of the executive power?

25. What does the Cabinet of Ministers deal with?

26. What do you know about the judicial branch?

Exercise № 3: Translate the sentences:

Україна — одна з найбільших країн Східної Європи.

2. Вона має державний кордон з Росією, Білорусією і Молдовою.

3. Географічне положення України дуже сприятливе.

4. Влада в Україні розділена між 3 основними гілками влади: законодавчою, виконавчою та судовою.

5. Верховна Рада є основним органом законодавчої влади.

6. Кабінет Міністрів є основним органом виконавчої влади.

7. Верховний суд України є найвищим органом судової влади.

Exercise № 4: Read, translate and find correct word:

 

STREET, PARK, TOWN HALL, POST OFFISE, MUSEUM, HOSPITAL, SUPERMARKET.

1. A place where you can buy stamps, post cards ets.

2. A large building that contains the local government offices and often a large room with public meetings.

3. A public road of the city that has houses and buildings on one or both sides.

4. A building where collections of valuable and interesting objects are kept and shown to the public.

5. A very large shop that sells food, drink, goods.

6. A place where ill or injured people are treated.

7. An open area in a town often with grass or trees.

Занятття 21

Політичний та адміністративний устрої країни, мова якої вивчається. Узгодження часів

Vocabulary

· constitutional monarchy – конституційна монархія

· statute – статут

· convention – збори

· elections – вибори

· chambers – палати (зали)

· to vote -голосувати

· a bill – законопроект

· amendments – поправки

· solicitor – юрист, який готує документацію

· barrister -юрист, який представляє справу в суді

· General election – загальні вибори

· Voters – виборці

· House of Parliament – Палата Представників

Exercise 1: Read and translate the text:

The political system

The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Its full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. London is the seat of government, although some powers have been devolved to national assemblies in Scotland (Scottish Parliament), Wales (Welsh Assembly) and Northern Ireland (Northern Ireland Assembly).

The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The government rules by the monarch, Queen Elizabeth II. The UK does not have a written constitution; instead it is formed partly by statute, partly by common law and partly by convention. The three biggest political parties are: the Conservatives, Labour and the Liberal Democrats. The leader of the elected party is appointed Prime Minister and asked by the monarch to form a government for a term not exceeding 5 years.

The administrative system

Parliament is the legislature and has two chambers: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The members of the House of Commons are directly elected in a general election, which takes place at least every five years.

The government presents bills to the House of Commons. They are debated by Members of Parliament (MPs) and after revision they are voted on. If the vote is passed, the bill is sent to the House of Lords. It is then further debated, and the Lords may then approve the bill or send it back to the Commons with amendments.

The legal system

There are three different legal systems in use in the UK; Scotland and Northern Ireland have legal systems which are different from that of England and Wales. Solicitors represent people in magistrates’ courts and county courts. They can also help with buying a house or tax matters. If you need to go to any higher courts, your solicitor will find you a barrister.

Exercise 2:Translate the phrases from the text:

a) The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, constitutional monarchy, political parties, two chambers: the House of Commons and the House of Lords, higher courts.

b) конституційна монархія, статут, вибори, Палата Общин, Палата Лордів, поправка до Конституції, Законопроект, виконавча влада, судова влада, законодавча влада, політична партія, прем’єр міністр, президент, Верховний Суд, член Парламенту, виборці.

Exercise 3:Answer the questions

1. What countries include the United Kingdom?

2. What town is the seat of government?

3. Who is the current monarch in the UK?

4. What are the biggest political parties?

5. How many chambers has the Parliament?

6. Who presents bills to the House of Commons?

7. Who represents people in magistrates’ courts?

 

Exercise 4: Translate the sentences:

27. The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

28. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The government rules by the monarch, Queen Elizabeth II.

29. The UK does not have a written constitution.

30. The three biggest political parties are: the Conservatives, Labour and the Liberal Democrats.

31. The leader of the elected party is appointed Prime Minister and he forms a government for a term not exceeding 5 years.

32. Parliament is the legislature and has two chambers: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

33. The members of the House of Commons are at least every five years.

34. The government presents bills to the House of Commons.

35. The Lords may approve the bill or send it back to the Commons with amendments.

36. There are three different legal systems in use in the UK; Scotland and Northern Ireland have legal systems which are different from that of England and Wales.

 

Заняття 22

 

Міжнародні фонди. Узгодження часів

Vocabulary

· international funds – міжнародні фонди

· easy / the easiest - ['i:zi] – легкий, простий\ найлегший, найпростіший

· Mutual fund - [ 'mju:tjuol ] – фонд взаємних інвестицій

· to be available - [ a'veilebl ] - бyти доступним

· to focus (on) - [ 'fokus ] – зосереджуватись на

· market - [ 'ma:kit] – ринок

· foreign – іноземний

· instead of - [ in'sted ] – замість

· The International Monetary Fund (IMF) - [ 'mAnitsri fand ] – Міжнародний валютний фонд

· to aim - [ 'eim ] – прагнути

· to avoid - [ e'void ] – yникати

· a purpose – мета

· to provide - [ pra'vaid ] – надавати, забезпечувати

· to achieve - [ e'tSi:v ] – досягати

· to reduce - [ ri'dju:s ] – знизити, зменшити

· to ensure - [ in'Sue ] – забезпечувати, запевняти

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text:

One of the easiest ways to start international business is through mutual funds. International funds are now very available. Some focus on a single country or geographic region, while others invest all over the world. Here are the main types of funds.

Global Funds: As the name suggests, global funds invest throughout the whole world, including both the U.S. and foreign markets.

International Funds: From an American investor's perspective, an international fund is one that invests outside the U.S. International funds are also known as "foreign" funds.

Regional Funds: Some investment managers have particular geographic areas of activity, such as Europe, Asia, or Latin America. Regional funds focus on a specific geographic region.

Country Funds:These funds invest only in a single country market, giving you a focus on a specific part of the world.

Global Sector Funds: Instead of looking at the world through a geographic lens, sector funds concentrate their activity on a particular industry like health care or technology.

The International Monetary Fund: The IMF was founded more than 60 years ago toward the end of World War II. Nowadays the IMF's main purpose — to provide the global public good of financial stability—is the same today as it was when the organization was established.

Its membership is 187 countries now. The IMF provides policy advice and financing to members in economic difficulties and also works with developing nations to help them achieve macroeconomic stability and reduce poverty.

It sees its mission as ensuring the stability of the global monetary system.