Read the text and translate it Ukrainian.

 

2. Answer the following questions:

1. What is especially emphasized on Skagen?

2. When does the history of Skagen start?

3. What inspired artists to work in Skagen?

4. What is the witness of artists’ interest to Skagen?

5. In what artists lies the basis of an important side of the pictorial art of the Danish Golden Age?

6. Who was the first Danish animal and landscape painter?

7. What artist painted the interior of Aarhus Cathedral?

8. What artist from Skagen was particularly interested in figure and costume studies?

9. Whose personality as an artist could have been a synonym for the Golden Age painter?

10. Who depicted the Jutland landscape the earliest and with the greatest human and artistic maturity?

 

3. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following words and phrases:

millennia

to whip

to drift in new formations

to desolate

blinding light

formidable natural surroundings

tiny dimension

to stem harsh caprices

distinguishing sign

showpiece

to set the tone in earnest

the depiction of the reality

tentative effort

particular interest

to draw diligently

narrative genre scenes

wayside flora.

 

4. Give English equivalents of the following words and phrases:

вишиковуватися

безлюдний пейзаж

грізне природне середовище

мініатюрний вимір

дивовижні наслідки

опановувати

нагадувати велике місто

жалюгідний

життя уявляється у настрої

порівняно запізно

лежить основа

експериментальне зусилля

дбайливо змальовувати

виняткове відчуття

широта художнього таланту

художня зрілість

 

Make up sentences of your own with the given words and phrases.

 

Match a line in A with a line in B.

A	B
desolate	provisional or experimental; conjectural
consequence	anything displayed or exhibited
to master	the linear extent or measurement of something from side to side
showpiece	the state or quality of being fully developed
earnest	hard-working, diligent, or assiduous
tentative	uninhabited; deserted
industrious	serious in mind or intention a part or portion of something given in advance as a guarantee of the remainder
exquisite	to become thoroughly proficient
breadth	a result or effect of some previous occurrence
maturity	possessing qualities of unusual delicacy and fine craftsmanship

 

Summarize the text in English.

Unit 52

TEXT

The Barcelona of Gaudi

This is a Barcelona clearly differentiated from the Modernist, for Antoni Gaudi left his mark on the city so strongly as to transform it. In the words of Joan Bassegoda Nonell, a leading expert, "Gaudi experienced to the full the euphoria of the Renaissance and Modernism, but was a part of neither, for his peculiar vision of life and architecture kept him aloof from politics and the artistic movements in fashion".

A Gaudi itinerary through Barcelona, coming down from the mountain to the sea, would begin at the Figueras House, also known as Bellesguard due to its location at number 16 of the street of the same name on the site of a royal residence dating back to 1408 over whose ruins Gaudi built this mansion between 1900 and 1902, its elements clearly reminiscent of Gothic architecture. Its fine tower is crowned by a four-armed cross.

In Pedralbes avenue, not far from the monastery, are the Güell Pavilions (1884-1887), the stables and lodge of what was once the Güell family estate, now the gardens and dependencies of the Pedralbes Palace. The Teresian College is a singularly austere manifestation of the artistic vision of Gaudi, designed at the request of his friend and founder of the Order, Enric d'Ossó, between 1888 and 1889.

Above Lesseps square, Park Güell (Olot Street) is one of the marvels of Gaudi which, nevertheless, was never terminated. It has been a public park since 1923, owned by the city, as the original idea of Eusebi Güell to create a garden city on the Muntanya Pelada, following the English model, did not finally prosper. The steps at the entrance to the park immediately stir the imagination as we are greeted by a dragon centrally placed on the way to the large space known as the Salon of the Hundred Columns -though in reality there are but 84- which was to house the market-place of the projected community. The columns, Doric in form, support tiny spherical cupolas on which the upper square stands,

 

34. Temple of Sagrada Familia

Antoni Gaudi

offering one of the most beautiful views of the city. This park, declared Patrimony of Mankind by UNESCO in 1984, is one of the most exceptional illustrations of the genius of Gaudi and his vision of architecture integrated with its natural surroundings. One of the two houses of the garden-city that was finished, the work of the architect Francesc Berenguer, 1906, became Gaudi's residence and today houses the Gaudi House-Museum.

At Carolines street numbers 18-24 is the Vicens House (1878-1885), one of the first works of this architect, in which straight lines and vertical tendencies still predominate.

Another of the greatest works of Gaudi is the Mila House, La Pedrera (1905-1910), in Passeig de Gràcia 92, also declared Patrimony of Mankind in 1984 by UNESCO. In 1986 it was restored by the La Caixa de Catalunya Foundation having the first floor fitted out as an exhibition room and the attic level and roof turned into an area dedicated to the artist, the Espai Gaudi (Gaudi Area).

The Batllò House (Passeig de Gràcia, 43), totally 1904 and 1906 by Gaudi is, a masterpiece of undulating artistry, of the rounded forms of the mature period of the architect, its interior a delight to the senses.

Calvet House was built between 1898 and 1900, its ground floor containing offices and furniture designed by Gaudi himself, today fitted out as a restaurant.

The southernmost point of this route is marked by the Güell Palace (Nou de la Rambla 3-5), close to the Ramblas. Built between 1886 and 1888, this is defined by Bassegoda Nonell as "Gaudi's first great work of architecture, in which his personal vision of architecture is made manifest".

But a tour of the works of Gaudi in Barcelona can only terminate in one place, the Temple of the Sagrada Familia. Here, we are confronted by the vision of the genius, by his mystical dream of redemption as he suddenly rediscovers forgiveness and grace for a people who wish to expiate their sins or render worship to the Creator. Gaudi, inspired by the medieval idea of religion, dedicated his whole life to this project, bequeathing a colossal challenge to posterity which has still not been acquitted and which has been the cause of much controversy. The architect inherited the idea of a Neo-Gothic church, its crypt already at an advanced stage of completion, from Villar and Martorell, the latter involving the young Gaudi, who was just 31 when he put his visionary genius to the task of designing an awesome cathedral 110 metres in length and 45 high, with three fronts each bearing four soaring towers (a total of 12. dedicated to the Apostles), four monumental bell towers (one for each Evangelist) and two colossal domes, dedicated to the Virgin and to Christ respectively, the latter reaching a height of 170 metres. This "20th-century cathedral", as it is known, has a Gothic basilicas ground plan in the shape of a Latin cross, with five naves connecting with a transept from which stem another three naves, apse and ambulatory. The architect's awesome vision pursued a staggering sense of verticality, a meeting-point between the earth and the sky, between God and Humanity. The original idea of Antoni Gaudi for this tremendous undertaking included a universe of Christian symbols, of theological ideas and biographical references to Christ, an aspect which can be clearly seen in the fronts which, according to the plans, will be three, dedicated to the Birth, the Passion and the Death and the Resurrection. Work came to a halt in 1936 due to the outbreak of the Civil War, and Gaudi's study, containing his plans and drawings, as well as the crypt, were destroyed by fire. A start was made again in 1052, thanks to the persistence of his disciples and followers, using drawings and models saved from the fire, and in 1954 work began on the front of the Passion (west), with its four towers. This was completed in 1976 and decorated in 1987 by the sculptor Josep M. Subirachs.

 

TASKS