The system of national values in Kazakhstan.

 

1.Hospitality: Traditionally a nomadic culture, hospitality has always been an important part of Kazakh culture. Displays of generosity and welcoming behaviour are common in both social and business Kazakh spheres. An invitation to the traditional Kazakh feast, dastarkhan, is the most popular form of Kazakh hospitality.

2. Tradition: Kazakh traditions and culture have been passed on from one generation to another through oral histories told by traditional Kazakh tribal leaders and elders. Much of the traditional Kazakh culture was lost under Soviet rule but strong elements remain today and are celebrated among family, a central part of Kazakh society. While the country is becoming increasingly modernised and in contact with global culture, Kazakhs hold on strongly to their traditions and culture of which they are proud.

3. Collectivism: The concept "us" in the traditional Kazakh society has always been more significant than that of "me". Relations of property were similar, with the strongest emphasis being upon their collective origin. At the same time, through the complex mechanism of land-tenure property was distinctly regulated. Three main forms of property (private, common-group and social) existed before in Kazakhstan.

4. Freedom: Freedom is the major value of the civil society being formed in Kazakhstan. This must provide everyone with the possibility of creative self-realization. Nomads have always been famous for a freedom-loving spirit. The feeling of freedom resulted in special attitude to the environment, a developed awareness and a profound interest in the world.

5. Patriotism: The formation of civil society institutions is impossible without the development of a patriotism shared by the entire Kazakhstan, and with deep roots in the culture, psychology, and historical past of the Kazakhs. In a traditional Kazakh society such values as love of the Motherland (atameken), its veneration and care have also been strong.

6. Respect: Religious tolerance, absence of fanaticism and religious aggression are historic traditions of the Kazakh nation. Respect of elders and of the spiritual freedom of other nations are principal values. It is important to develop a productive dialogue between confessions and to acknowledge religion as an element of civil society.

Customs and traditions in Great Britain.

Customs and traditions of Great Britain

Every nation and every country has its own traditions and customs. Traditions make a nation special. Some of them are old-fashioned and many people remember them, others are part of people’s life. Some British customs and traditions are known all over the world: bowler hats, tea and talking about the wether.

Englishmen have many traditional holidays, such as Christmas, St. Valentine’s Day, Mother’s Day, Easter and others.

Britain is full of customs and traditions. A lot of them have very long histories. Some are funny and some are strange. But they are all interesting. There is the long menu of traditional British food. There are many royal occasions. There are songs, saying and superstitions. They are all part of the British way of life.

We can classify English traditions into several groups: traditions concerning the Englishmen’s private life (child’s birth, wedding, marriage, wedding anniversary), which are connected with families incomes; state traditions; national holidays, religious holidays, public festival, traditional ceremonies.

Customs and traditions in Kazakhstan.

 

Kazakhs have always revered and highly valued their national customs and traditions. It is almost impossible to describe all the traditions followed by Kazakh people in one article, thus a brief introduction to Kazakh beliefs and customs is given below.

The main tradition of Kazakhs, which eventually transformed into a feature of national character, is hospitality. In the Kazakh society, there is an unofficial law voiced in ancient times, which says “Meet a guest as the God's messenger”.

Hospitality is considered a sacred duty in the Kazakh society. At all times, the steppe inhabitants did their best to please their guest. Therefore, each traveller knew that he or she would be welcomed anywhere in the Kazakh land.

Respect for the elderly is another positive feature of Kazakhs. Traditionally, a child from early childhood is taught to be moderate and honest when dealing with older, wiser and life experienced people.

19. National holidays in Kazakhstan.

 

All the holidays of Kazakhstan may be divided into national, state and professional ones. The national holidays are the holidays in honor of the events having a special historical importance for the development of Kazakhstan. Celebration of the national holidays is accompanied with holding of official events. Such holiday is considered Independence Day of Kazakhstan.

The state holidays are the holidays devoted to the events having social and political importance, they also include traditional Kazakh holidays. This category of the holidays includes New Year, 8 March, Nauryz, Unity Day, Capital Day, Constitution Day etc.

 

20. The business etiquette of the interpreters.

 

In business meetings and negotiations translator is in a peculiar position. On the one hand, his services are needed, and therefore, he - a mandatory participant in the talks. But the peculiarity of his position lies in the fact that, on the other hand, with all its necessary it should not be noticeable, it should be "invisible." This is not an independent party to negotiations, this "tool" with which the process of international business negotiation proceeds most efficiently. Translator is not able to express their own thoughts, it is just an intermediary, but he must pass exactly two (or more) languages ​​not only the meaning of statements, but also their emotional, style of speech of the speaker, even the rate of speech and intonation system, if possible, of course. This "vzhivanie" in the image of whose speech has translations, the translator much physical and emotional stress.

21. Speech etiquette. Give the definition.

People working whether in a small non-profit organization, a well established company, or someplace in between no matter where they work, there are some mandatory work-place manners that they need to follow. The etiquette includes carrying a proper conduct be it in dressing; eating and drinking; interacting with colleagues subordinates, seniors and clients; at a meeting or at a social gathering. There is also a proper etiquette to be followed when speaking.

 

In a professional environment, one needs to be sensitive to others when he is speaking on a phone, or in a face-to-face conversation. He needs to pay attention to his voice and tone.

 

Keep voice down while talking to colleagues; take care not to disturb others.

Don’t barge into someone’s office, disrupt a meeting, or interrupt a work conversation.

 

Do not talk with a raised voice when at work, no matter how bad is the work situation is.

 

What is business etiquette? Give the examples.

Business etiquette is in essence about building relationships with people. In the business world, it is people that influence your success or failure. Etiquette, and in particular business etiquette, is simply a means of maximising your business potential. Business etiquette varies from region to region and country to country. For the international business person, focusing too deeply on international business etiquette would leave no time for business. However, there are some key pillars upon which good business etiquette is built.

It is important to be considerate about the psychological needs of different people. A very useful rule of thumb to go by is that of “the three Rs”. These are:

Recognition - using names, greetings, and making a point of acknowledging people.

Respect - treating people with respect, value and courtesy. Especially apologising to them where the situation calls for it.

Response - people do not want to be kept waiting, they need to be responded to.

Latin America

In Guatemala, as well as in most of Latin America, little to no business is conducted during Holy Week, the week leading up to Easter.

It may be considered an insult in Columbia to leave immediately after a meeting is completed, as doing so may suggest that you are not interested in getting to know your counterparts.

In Mexico, conversations occur at a much closer physical proximity than you may be accustomed to in the United States. Moving away to establish distance is considered unfriendly. In response, your counterpart may step towards you to close the distance.

In Venezuela, once you establish a relationship with certain people, you may receive an abrazo. It is a customary embrace that may be accompanied by a kiss on the cheek.

23. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: introducing oneself.

I'd like to introduce you to...

I'd like you to meet Mr/Mrs/Miss + фамилия

Allow me to introduce you to...

I'd like to introduce you to...

I'd like you to meet...

I want you to meet...

Allow me to introduce (to you to)...

I'd like to introduce (to you)...

May I introduce...?

I'd like you to meet...

This is...

I'd like to introduce you to Mrs Blake.

I'd like you to meet Mrs Blake.

I want you to meet Mrs Blake.

May I introduce Mrs Blake?

Allow me to introduce Mrs Blake.

I'd like to introduce Mrs Blake.

I'd like you to mee Mrs Blake.

This is Mrs Blake.

24. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: acquaintance.

I'm very pleased to meet you.

Glad to meet you.

Nice to meet you.

I'm very pleased to meet you.

Delighted to meet you.

Could I have seen you somewhere?

I fancy I've met you before?

I have i feeling we've met before (but I don't remember your name).

Your face seems (so) familiar (to me).

25. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: greeting.

Good morning. (Your are the secretary.) My name is/I am Snegiryeff. I have an appointment for 11 a.m. How are you doing/getting on?

How are you getting on?

What's the news?

What's new?

What's news?

What's new?

Well how are things?

26. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: farewell.

Good bye.

Good bye now.

Good bye for now.

See you soon.

Till we meet again.

See you soon.

See you at the theatre, university

See you

on Sunday

tonight

at 3 o'clock

See you tomorrow.

See you on Sunday.

See you tonight.

Good bye till Christmas, etc.

See you in summer.

Good bye till we meet again in summer.

Bye for now. See you at the university.

Good bye!

Rieber to telephone me.

Please come and see us again.

Keep in touch!

Don't forget to keep in touch!

Please write.

Please write.

Keep in touch!

Drop us a line to say how you're.

We'll be delighted to see you again.

27. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: expressing gratitude.

Thank you.

Yes, please.

No, thank you.

Thank you for...

Thank you for the present

I'm grateful to you.

I'm gratful/ obliged/ indebted you for (sth./doing smth..)...

28. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: apologizing.

Excuse me. (I am) sorry. (I beg your) pardon.

I'm terribly sorry.

Please forgive me.

Do forgive me.

Please forgive me.

Do forgive me.

29. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: making compliments.

You look well.

You look lovely.

You look wonderful.

You look so young.

You don't look your age at all.

How well you look!

You look so well!

You do look so well!

How well you look!

You look lovely today!

30. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: congratulations.

May I offer (you) my congratulations on/upon...

May I congratulate you on/upon...

(My) congratulations (to you) on/upon...

Happy New Year!

I wish you a happy New Year!

Congratulations!

Congratulations! (May Day greetings to you!)

Happy New Year!

Congratulations! (Victory Day greetings to you!)

Congratulations on your success!

I hear you're to be congratulated.

Fine weather is here at last!

Spring has come!

Happy New Year and my best wishes!

31. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: request.

32. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: offer.

I advise/recommend you to do sth.

You should/ought to do sth.

I suggest/advise/recommended (that) you (should) do sth.

I advise you to see the play.

You should go and gee the play.

Here! Take my seat!

Have my seat.

You can take my seat.

You can have my seat.

I suggest (that) you conduct this lesson.

33. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: agreement.

34. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: disagreement.

Oh no!

I can't agree with you.

You're mustaken.

That's where you're wrong, I'm afraid.

I'm afraid you've missed the point. Sorry, but you seem to have missed the point.

I don't (happen to) think so

That's not quite what I had in mind.

Of course not. Certainly not.

Not at all. Not in the least I couldn't agree with you less.

It's out of the question.

35. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: refusal.

I'd be delighted..., but I can't.

With pleasure..., but I can't.

I'd be willing/most willing... but I can't.

I hate to say "no" but...

I'd like to, but...

I'm very/really/terribly/awfully sorry but...

I really/do wish I could... but...

I'm sorry but...

I'm afraid...

I wish I could, but...

Can you lend me 20 roubles?-With pleasure, but not before I get my grant.

36. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: objection.

 

37. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: invitation, accepting and declining invitation.

Come and see me.

I invite you to my home/place

I'd like to invite уоu.../I want* to invite youhome...

Come and see me at my.

I'd like to invite you to the premiere this Saturday.

I'd very much like to see you all at my countiy house.

I'd like to welcome/see all of you (as my guests) at my country house.

Look in...

Drop by/round...

I'll be happy to see you any time you can make it.

Be sure to look me up next time you're here.

Come (over) and see me some time.

Come in!

38. National - cultural peculiarities of nonverbal-communication. Miming.

 

Miming means to act out something without words, which makes it an ideal activity for practicing nonverbal communication. Have participants write a short comic sketch that tells a story in small groups and then perform it to the others. Set a time limit for the length of the sketch. Alternatively, have each member take turns to stand before the group and mime out an activity without communicating out loud. Some examples of activities may be walking the dog or serving cake. The rest of the group tries to guess which activity is being mimed.

 

Read more: What Participative Activities Involve Nonverbal Communication? | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/info_8501540_participative-activities-involve-nonverbal-communication.html#ixzz2FhYVZmKu

39. National - cultural peculiarities of nonverbal-communication. Proxemics.

One of the terms used in non-verbal language is proxemics. Edward Hall defined proxemics in the 1950’s and 1960’s when he investigated man’s use of personal space in contrast with fixed and semi-fixed feature space. Fixed feature is what it is fixed has in unmovable boundaries. Semi-fixed is fixed boundaries that can be moved like furniture.

 

Proxemics can be divided in two other ways, physical and personal territory. Physical territory is like desks that are in front of the room of a classroom instead of center.

 

An example of the proxemic concept is that of stepping behind the desk of an associate at work and invading the personal zone. But what if it is the boss; do you have the authority? If it’s a co-worker you probably do. A workplace where you sit is a primary tool in establishing certain communications and is his or her freedom to place that desk where and how it is a key element in personnel considerations. The cubicles don’t offer the chance to allow the worker to rearrange the furniture to his or her preference, nor do they allow visitors. Extra room or the ability to move furniture in an office are both symbols of status.

 

40. National - cultural peculiarities of nonverbal-communication. Kinesics.

Kinesics, or body language, is one of the most powerful ways that humans can communicate nonverbally. It is used to portray moods and emotions and to emphasize or contradict what is being said.

 

Body language is very important when in an interview. "To effectively communicate it’s not always what you say, but what your body says, that makes the difference," according to Patricia Ball. There are various different types of body movement one can do to come across as being too strong or too weak. For example, when one first walks into the room and shakes hands with the interviewer you want to have good eye contact as well as a good firm hand shake. Not too strong, because you can come across as being a power player. Another important aspect to remember when you are on an interview and that is to mirror your interviewer, but not to the point that you over do it. For example, if the person that is giving you the interview crosses his/her arms than you can cross your arms. If he/she crosses their feet then you should cross your feet, but do it gradually.

41. National - cultural peculiarities of nonverbal-communication. Haptics.

Research has found that touching can create both positive and negative feelings. Your feelings are positive when the touch is perceived to be natural. A person gets the opposite feeling when the touch is perceived to be manipulative or insincere. Touch is experienced in many ways. Handshakes, pats, and kisses are just a few of the ways one can communicate by touching.

42. National - cultural peculiarities of nonverbal-communication. Artifacts.

Artifacts are often used to communicate information about oneself. Artifacts are objects, often clothes, jewelry, pictures, trinkets, which express one’s interests, hobbies, status, or lifestyle. Often noted in democratic societies, where all are thought to be equal, artifacts are used to announce inequalities that for reasons of taste and conformity, cannot be expressed in words.

 

One of the most influential artifacts a person possesses is one’s wardrobe. Much psychology and communication research supports that -at least in the observer’s eyes- that clothes do make the man (or woman!). Lefkowitz, Blake, and Mouton found in their own study that dress can even affect how willing others will be to follow you. This study found that significantly more individuals would follow a model’s example in crossing against the "wait" signal when dressed in a business suit than when the same model crossed the street dressed in poor work clothes.

43. National - cultural peculiarities of nonverbal-communication. Chronemics.

ime, or chronemics, can be used very differently with respect to individuals and even cultures. Time perceptions include punctuality, willingness to wait, and interactions. Time use affects lifestyles, daily agendas, speed of speech and movements, how long people are willing to listen, etc.

 

The way time is used can provide information about people as individuals. There are different perceptions about time usage and its value. Also, cultures differ in their usage of time. For example, in European and American societies, when men are interacting with women, they generally control the time use, talk more than women, and interrupt more than women. In the business world, Americans are expected to arrive to meetings on time and, usually, even early. On the other hand, they arrive late to parties and dances.

 

44. National - cultural peculiarities of nonverbal-communication. Volume, the pitch of tone, the rate of speech, pause, intonation.

45. First contacts: meeting a business partner in the airport, accommodation, making first contacts.

46. Introductions. Names and titles.

47. The etiquette of first meetings in different countries.

48. The etiquette of first meetings in your country.

49. The interaction of verbal and non-verbal means of communication in the situation of first meeting the business colleagues.

50. Cultural differences of nonverbal communication while greeting new people.

51. Think of the cultural issues that may affect business relationship.

Social and cultural factors can affect a business as tastes, priorities of life and lifestyle can change. For example, when any company or business, which is selling products like food, stuffs for house, furniture, etc., gives their customers a bad product, such as not healthy food or spoiled product, then people will become more health conscious then the business will generate less revenue. Or another example, when a person from another culture, which the company does not know about, can come in and of course a person will need a special attention, because nobody knows which understanding and values he/she has. So as you can see it also can affect business. And of course, one of the main parts of business is communication. Without a good communication, business will not have this high level of the working system and operations. And in any business it is very important to understand cultural difference, because employees in company or business can have a deal with people of various cultures. Often business deals are lost because the parties involved did not take the time to learn about their each others' cultures prior to interacting.

52. Small talk: keeping the conversation going. Cultural differences.

53. Small talk: keeping the conversation going in your own country.

54. 51 Suggest some basic research that you should do before receiving your visitor or before travelling abroad.

55. How can cultural diversity impact on the business relationship?

56. The ways of entertaining business colleagues or visitors from other countries.

57. Cultural differences in entertaining business partners.

58. Informal conversation between business partners and colleagues.

59. Conversations at the corporative parties, during the break at the conferences and meetings.

60. Hospitality across cultures.

61. The verbal and non-verbal etiquette of inviting guests.

62. Gift giving and its affect on business relationship.

63. Gift giving in your culture.

64. Business lunch with foreign partners.

65. Dining etiquette.

66. Verbal and non-verbal behavior of business partners during the lunch time.

67. Arranging a leisure time and entertainment for business partners.

68. Cultural differences of arranging a leisure time and entertainment for business partners.

69. Arranging a leisure time and entertainment for business partners in your country.

70. Stereotypes across cultures.

71. Values, stereotypes and cultural generalizations.

72. Punctuality.

73. Business schedules.

74. Company time and personal time.

 

 

Составитель: Каирова Ж.М.