Disadvantage of oral communication

Components of Communication

Context

Sender/Encoder

Message

Medium

Receiver/Decoder

Feedback

 

Context

 

Every message (Oral or written), begins with context. Context is a very broad field that consists different aspects. One aspect is country, culture and organization. Every organization, culture and country communicate information in their own way.

 

Sender/Encoder

 

Encoder is the person who sends message. In oral communication the encoder is speaker, and in written communication writer is the encoder. An encoder uses combination of symbols, words, graphs and pictures understandable by the receiver, to best convey his message in order to achieve his desired response.

 

Message

 

Message is the information that is exchanged between sender and receiver. The first task is to decide what you want to communicate and what would be the content of your message; what are the main points of your message and what other information to include. The central idea of the message must be clear. While writing the message, encoder should keep in mind all aspects of context and the receiver (How he will interpret the message).

Messages can be intentional and unintentional.

 

Medium

 

Medium is the channel through which encoder will communicate his message. How the message gets there. Your medium to send a message, may be print, electronic, or sound. Medium may be a person as postman. The choice of medium totally depends on the nature of you message and contextual factors discussed above. Choice of medium is also influence by the relationship between the sender and receiver.

 

 

Receiver/Decoder

 

The person to whom the message is being sent is called ‘receiver’/'decoder’. Receiver may be a listener or a reader depending on the choice of medium by sender to transmit the message. Receiver is also influenced by the context, internal and external stimuli.

Receiver is the person who interprets the message, so higher the chances are of mis-communication because of receivers perception, opinion, attitude and personality. There will be minor deviation in transmitting the exact idea only if your receiver is educated and have communication skills.

 

Feedback

 

Response or reaction of the receiver, to a message, is called ‘feedback’. Feedback may be written or oral message, an action or simply, silence may also be a feedback to a message.

Feedback is the most important component of communication in business. Communication is said to be effective only when it receives some feedback. Feedback, actually, completes the loop of communication.

 

2. The basic forms of communication: verbal communication.

Verbal communication refers to the the form of communication in which message is transmitted verbally; communication is done by word of mouth and a piece of writing. Objective of every communication is to have people understand what we are trying to convey. In verbal communication remember the acronym KISS(keep it short and simple).

When we talk to others, we assume that others understand what we are saying because we know what we are saying. But this is not the case. usually people bring their own attitude, perception, emotions and thoughts about the topic and hence creates barrier in delivering the right meaning.

So in order to deliver the right message, you must put yourself on the other side of the table and think from your receiver’s point of view. Would he understand the message? how it would sound on the other side of the table?

 

Verbal Communication is further divided into:

Oral Communication

Written Communication

Oral Communication

 

In oral communication, Spoken words are used. It includes face-to-face conversations, speech, telephonic conversation, video, radio, television, voice over internet. In oral communication, communication is influence by pitch, volume, speed and clarity of speaking.

 

Advantages of Oral communication are:

It brings quick feedback.

In a face-to-face conversation, by reading facial expression and body language one can guess whether he/she should trust what’s being said or not.

 

Disadvantage of oral communication

In face-to-face discussion, user is unable to deeply think about what he is delivering, so this can be counted as a

 

Written Communication

 

In written communication, written signs or symbols are used to communicate. A written message may be printed or hand written. In written communication message can be transmitted via email, letter, report, memo etc. Message, in written communication, is influenced by the vocabulary & grammar used, writing style, precision and clarity of the language used.

Written Communication is most common form of communication being used in business. So, it is considered core among business skills.

Memos, reports, bulletins, job descriptions, employee manuals, and electronic mail are the types of written communication used for internal communication. For communicating with external environment in writing, electronic mail, Internet Web sites, letters, proposals, telegrams, faxes, postcards, contracts, advertisements, brochures, and news releases are used.

 

Advantages of written communication includes:

 

Messages can be edited and revised many time before it is actually sent.

Written communication provide record for every message sent and can be saved for later study.

A written message enables receiver to fully understand it and send appropriate feedback.

 

Disadvantages of written communication includes:

 

Unlike oral communication, Written communication doesn’t bring instant feedback.

It take more time in composing a written message as compared to word-of-mouth. and number of people struggles for writing ability.

 

3. The basic forms of communication: non-verbal communication.

 

Nonverbal Communication

 

Nonverbal communication is the sending or receiving of wordless messages. We can say that communication other than oral and written, such as gesture, body language, posture, tone of voice or facial expressions, is called nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication is all about the body language of speaker.

 

Nonverbal communication helps receiver in interpreting the message received. Often, nonverbal signals reflects the situation more accurately than verbal messages. Sometimes nonverbal response contradicts verbal communication and hence affect the effectiveness of message.

 

Nonverbal communication have the following three elements:

 

Appearance

Speaker: clothing, hairstyle, neatness, use of cosmetics

Surrounding: room size, lighting, decorations, furnishings

 

Body Language

facial expressions, gestures, postures

 

Sounds

Voice Tone, Volume, Speech rate

 

Types of Communication Based on Purpose and Style

 

Based on style and purpose, there are two main categories of communication and they both bears their own characteristics. Communication types based on style and purpose are:

Formal Communication

Informal Communication

 

Formal Communication

 

In formal communication, certain rules, conventions and principles are followed while communicating message. Formal communication occurs in formal and official style. Usually professional settings, corporate meetings, conferences undergoes in formal pattern.

 

In formal communication, use of slang and foul language is avoided and correct pronunciation is required. Authority lines are needed to be followed in formal communication.

 

Informal Communication

 

Informal communication is done using channels that are in contrast with formal communication channels. It’s just a casual talk. It is established for societal affiliations of members in an organization and face-to-face discussions. It happens among friends and family. In informal communication use of slang words, foul language is not restricted. Usually. informal communication is done orally and using gestures.

 

Informal communication, Unlike formal communication, doesn’t follow authority lines. In an organization, it helps in finding out staff grievances as people express more when talking informally. Informal communication helps in building relationships.

 

4. The types of speech communication: oral communication.

5. The types of speech communication: written communication.

6. The types of speech communication: monological communication.

A long speech made by one person.

Monologue, however, is strategic. It is applied to achieve goals or calculate an outcome. Dialogue requires being conscience oriented. A dialogic communicator will engage in conversation to find an outcome that maintains values and ethics. A strategist will engage in conversation to propel their own objectives and pay no or little concern for the other participant or the ethical ramifications of his communicative actions.

Attributes of the monological form of speech

The monological style of computer-mediated discussions may be revealed sometimes in an authoritative attitude of some participants. Although this style is not common, there were some instances of orders being given. This style of CMC may be characteristic of newcomers to the networks, as netters traditionally alter their communicative style for a more democratic one as they gain competence. Computer-mediated discussions also lack the nonverbal cues inherent in oral dialogical speech. Obviously, turn-taking hints and holding-the-floor signals have no equivalents in written speech.

7. The types of speech communication: dialogical communication.

A quick response factor is one of the main attributes of dialogues. The short lag time and the question-answering procedure lead to a kind of alternating between composing a message and waiting for a reaction of the recipient. The only real obstacle is the diversity of time zones throughout the globe. Dialogue is more than talking. It is not the straightforwardness of talking to or at, rather it is communicating with or between. It is "a relation between persons that is characterized in more or less degree by the element of inclusion". Dialogue is conscience-oriented. It is acting on principle and believing in the right thing. Dialogue is conscience-oriented. It is acting on principle and believing in the right thing.

8. The types of speech communication: formal communication.

9. The types of speech communication: informal communication.

10. The types of speech communication: contact communication.

11. The types of speech communication: distant communication.

Welcoming visitors.

Welcoming visitors involves making people feel relaxed and comfortable in a new environment.

15. The system of national values in Great Britain. national values ​​are what distinguish one culture from another. Every country has something of their own, some of his characteristics. I’ve read many books and articles about Great Britain and I have a notion about a national values in GB.

IV. Personal freedom. There should be a presumption, always and everywhere, against state coercion. We should tolerate eccentricity in others, almost to the point of lunacy, provided no one else is harmed..

VIII. History. British children inherit a political culture, a set of specific legal rights and obligations, and a stupendous series of national achievements. They should be taught about these things.

IX. The English-speaking world. The atrocities of September 11, 2001, were not simply an attack on a foreign nation; they were an attack on the anglosphere - on all of us who believe in freedom, justice and the rule of law

 

X. The British character. Shaped by and in turn shaping our national institutions is our character as a people: stubborn, stoical, indignant at injustice. "The Saxon," wrote Kipling, "never means anything seriously till he talks about justice and right."

 

Business etiquette is in essence about building relationships with people. In the business world, it is people that influence your success or failure. Etiquette, and in particular business etiquette, is simply a means of maximising your business potential. Business etiquette varies from region to region and country to country. For the international business person, focusing too deeply on international business etiquette would leave no time for business. However, there are some key pillars upon which good business etiquette is built.

It is important to be considerate about the psychological needs of different people. A very useful rule of thumb to go by is that of “the three Rs”. These are:

Recognition - using names, greetings, and making a point of acknowledging people.

Respect - treating people with respect, value and courtesy. Especially apologising to them where the situation calls for it.

Response - people do not want to be kept waiting, they need to be responded to.

Latin America

In Guatemala, as well as in most of Latin America, little to no business is conducted during Holy Week, the week leading up to Easter.

It may be considered an insult in Columbia to leave immediately after a meeting is completed, as doing so may suggest that you are not interested in getting to know your counterparts.

In Mexico, conversations occur at a much closer physical proximity than you may be accustomed to in the United States. Moving away to establish distance is considered unfriendly. In response, your counterpart may step towards you to close the distance.

In Venezuela, once you establish a relationship with certain people, you may receive an abrazo. It is a customary embrace that may be accompanied by a kiss on the cheek.

23. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: introducing oneself.

I'd like to introduce you to...

I'd like you to meet Mr/Mrs/Miss + фамилия

Allow me to introduce you to...

I'd like to introduce you to...

I'd like you to meet...

I want you to meet...

Allow me to introduce (to you to)...

I'd like to introduce (to you)...

May I introduce...?

I'd like you to meet...

This is...

I'd like to introduce you to Mrs Blake.

I'd like you to meet Mrs Blake.

I want you to meet Mrs Blake.

May I introduce Mrs Blake?

Allow me to introduce Mrs Blake.

I'd like to introduce Mrs Blake.

I'd like you to mee Mrs Blake.

This is Mrs Blake.

24. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: acquaintance.

I'm very pleased to meet you.

Glad to meet you.

Nice to meet you.

I'm very pleased to meet you.

Delighted to meet you.

Could I have seen you somewhere?

I fancy I've met you before?

I have i feeling we've met before (but I don't remember your name).

Your face seems (so) familiar (to me).

25. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: greeting.

Good morning. (Your are the secretary.) My name is/I am Snegiryeff. I have an appointment for 11 a.m. How are you doing/getting on?

How are you getting on?

What's the news?

What's new?

What's news?

What's new?

Well how are things?

26. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: farewell.

Good bye.

Good bye now.

Good bye for now.

See you soon.

Till we meet again.

See you soon.

See you at the theatre, university

See you

on Sunday

tonight

at 3 o'clock

See you tomorrow.

See you on Sunday.

See you tonight.

Good bye till Christmas, etc.

See you in summer.

Good bye till we meet again in summer.

Bye for now. See you at the university.

Good bye!

Rieber to telephone me.

Please come and see us again.

Keep in touch!

Don't forget to keep in touch!

Please write.

Please write.

Keep in touch!

Drop us a line to say how you're.

We'll be delighted to see you again.

27. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: expressing gratitude.

Thank you.

Yes, please.

No, thank you.

Thank you for...

Thank you for the present

I'm grateful to you.

I'm gratful/ obliged/ indebted you for (sth./doing smth..)...

28. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: apologizing.

Excuse me. (I am) sorry. (I beg your) pardon.

I'm terribly sorry.

Please forgive me.

Do forgive me.

Please forgive me.

Do forgive me.

29. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: making compliments.

You look well.

You look lovely.

You look wonderful.

You look so young.

You don't look your age at all.

How well you look!

You look so well!

You do look so well!

How well you look!

You look lovely today!

30. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: congratulations.

May I offer (you) my congratulations on/upon...

May I congratulate you on/upon...

(My) congratulations (to you) on/upon...

Happy New Year!

I wish you a happy New Year!

Congratulations!

Congratulations! (May Day greetings to you!)

Happy New Year!

Congratulations! (Victory Day greetings to you!)

Congratulations on your success!

I hear you're to be congratulated.

Fine weather is here at last!

Spring has come!

Happy New Year and my best wishes!

31. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: request.

32. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: offer.

I advise/recommend you to do sth.

You should/ought to do sth.

I suggest/advise/recommended (that) you (should) do sth.

I advise you to see the play.

You should go and gee the play.

Here! Take my seat!

Have my seat.

You can take my seat.

You can have my seat.

I suggest (that) you conduct this lesson.

33. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: agreement.

34. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: disagreement.

Oh no!

I can't agree with you.

You're mustaken.

That's where you're wrong, I'm afraid.

I'm afraid you've missed the point. Sorry, but you seem to have missed the point.

I don't (happen to) think so

That's not quite what I had in mind.

Of course not. Certainly not.

Not at all. Not in the least I couldn't agree with you less.

It's out of the question.

35. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: refusal.

I'd be delighted..., but I can't.

With pleasure..., but I can't.

I'd be willing/most willing... but I can't.

I hate to say "no" but...

I'd like to, but...

I'm very/really/terribly/awfully sorry but...

I really/do wish I could... but...

I'm sorry but...

I'm afraid...

I wish I could, but...

Can you lend me 20 roubles?-With pleasure, but not before I get my grant.

36. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: objection.

 

37. Basic speech acts in the etiquette situations: invitation, accepting and declining invitation.

Come and see me.

I invite you to my home/place

I'd like to invite уоu.../I want* to invite youhome...

Come and see me at my.

I'd like to invite you to the premiere this Saturday.

I'd very much like to see you all at my countiy house.

I'd like to welcome/see all of you (as my guests) at my country house.

Look in...

Drop by/round...

I'll be happy to see you any time you can make it.

Be sure to look me up next time you're here.

Come (over) and see me some time.

Come in!

38. National - cultural peculiarities of nonverbal-communication. Miming.

 

Miming means to act out something without words, which makes it an ideal activity for practicing nonverbal communication. Have participants write a short comic sketch that tells a story in small groups and then perform it to the others. Set a time limit for the length of the sketch. Alternatively, have each member take turns to stand before the group and mime out an activity without communicating out loud. Some examples of activities may be walking the dog or serving cake. The rest of the group tries to guess which activity is being mimed.

 

Read more: What Participative Activities Involve Nonverbal Communication? | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/info_8501540_participative-activities-involve-nonverbal-communication.html#ixzz2FhYVZmKu

39. National - cultural peculiarities of nonverbal-communication. Proxemics.

One of the terms used in non-verbal language is proxemics. Edward Hall defined proxemics in the 1950’s and 1960’s when he investigated man’s use of personal space in contrast with fixed and semi-fixed feature space. Fixed feature is what it is fixed has in unmovable boundaries. Semi-fixed is fixed boundaries that can be moved like furniture.

 

Proxemics can be divided in two other ways, physical and personal territory. Physical territory is like desks that are in front of the room of a classroom instead of center.

 

An example of the proxemic concept is that of stepping behind the desk of an associate at work and invading the personal zone. But what if it is the boss; do you have the authority? If it’s a co-worker you probably do. A workplace where you sit is a primary tool in establishing certain communications and is his or her freedom to place that desk where and how it is a key element in personnel considerations. The cubicles don’t offer the chance to allow the worker to rearrange the furniture to his or her preference, nor do they allow visitors. Extra room or the ability to move furniture in an office are both symbols of status.

 

40. National - cultural peculiarities of nonverbal-communication. Kinesics.

Kinesics, or body language, is one of the most powerful ways that humans can communicate nonverbally. It is used to portray moods and emotions and to emphasize or contradict what is being said.

 

Body language is very important when in an interview. "To effectively communicate it’s not always what you say, but what your body says, that makes the difference," according to Patricia Ball. There are various different types of body movement one can do to come across as being too strong or too weak. For example, when one first walks into the room and shakes hands with the interviewer you want to have good eye contact as well as a good firm hand shake. Not too strong, because you can come across as being a power player. Another important aspect to remember when you are on an interview and that is to mirror your interviewer, but not to the point that you over do it. For example, if the person that is giving you the interview crosses his/her arms than you can cross your arms. If he/she crosses their feet then you should cross your feet, but do it gradually.

41. National - cultural peculiarities of nonverbal-communication. Haptics.

Research has found that touching can create both positive and negative feelings. Your feelings are positive when the touch is perceived to be natural. A person gets the opposite feeling when the touch is perceived to be manipulative or insincere. Touch is experienced in many ways. Handshakes, pats, and kisses are just a few of the ways one can communicate by touching.

42. National - cultural peculiarities of nonverbal-communication. Artifacts.

Artifacts are often used to communicate information about oneself. Artifacts are objects, often clothes, jewelry, pictures, trinkets, which express one’s interests, hobbies, status, or lifestyle. Often noted in democratic societies, where all are thought to be equal, artifacts are used to announce inequalities that for reasons of taste and conformity, cannot be expressed in words.

 

One of the most influential artifacts a person possesses is one’s wardrobe. Much psychology and communication research supports that -at least in the observer’s eyes- that clothes do make the man (or woman!). Lefkowitz, Blake, and Mouton found in their own study that dress can even affect how willing others will be to follow you. This study found that significantly more individuals would follow a model’s example in crossing against the "wait" signal when dressed in a business suit than when the same model crossed the street dressed in poor work clothes.

43. National - cultural peculiarities of nonverbal-communication. Chronemics.

ime, or chronemics, can be used very differently with respect to individuals and even cultures. Time perceptions include punctuality, willingness to wait, and interactions. Time use affects lifestyles, daily agendas, speed of speech and movements, how long people are willing to listen, etc.

 

The way time is used can provide information about people as individuals. There are different perceptions about time usage and its value. Also, cultures differ in their usage of time. For example, in European and American societies, when men are interacting with women, they generally control the time use, talk more than women, and interrupt more than women. In the business world, Americans are expected to arrive to meetings on time and, usually, even early. On the other hand, they arrive late to parties and dances.

 

44. National - cultural peculiarities of nonverbal-communication. Volume, the pitch of tone, the rate of speech, pause, intonation.

45. First contacts: meeting a business partner in the airport, accommodation, making first contacts.

46. Introductions. Names and titles.

47. The etiquette of first meetings in different countries.

48. The etiquette of first meetings in your country.

49. The interaction of verbal and non-verbal means of communication in the situation of first meeting the business colleagues.

50. Cultural differences of nonverbal communication while greeting new people.

51. Think of the cultural issues that may affect business relationship.

Social and cultural factors can affect a business as tastes, priorities of life and lifestyle can change. For example, when any company or business, which is selling products like food, stuffs for house, furniture, etc., gives their customers a bad product, such as not healthy food or spoiled product, then people will become more health conscious then the business will generate less revenue. Or another example, when a person from another culture, which the company does not know about, can come in and of course a person will need a special attention, because nobody knows which understanding and values he/she has. So as you can see it also can affect business. And of course, one of the main parts of business is communication. Without a good communication, business will not have this high level of the working system and operations. And in any business it is very important to understand cultural difference, because employees in company or business can have a deal with people of various cultures. Often business deals are lost because the parties involved did not take the time to learn about their each others' cultures prior to interacting.

52. Small talk: keeping the conversation going. Cultural differences.

53. Small talk: keeping the conversation going in your own country.

54. 51 Suggest some basic research that you should do before receiving your visitor or before travelling abroad.

55. How can cultural diversity impact on the business relationship?

56. The ways of entertaining business colleagues or visitors from other countries.

57. Cultural differences in entertaining business partners.

58. Informal conversation between business partners and colleagues.

59. Conversations at the corporative parties, during the break at the conferences and meetings.

60. Hospitality across cultures.

61. The verbal and non-verbal etiquette of inviting guests.

62. Gift giving and its affect on business relationship.

63. Gift giving in your culture.

64. Business lunch with foreign partners.

65. Dining etiquette.

66. Verbal and non-verbal behavior of business partners during the lunch time.

67. Arranging a leisure time and entertainment for business partners.

68. Cultural differences of arranging a leisure time and entertainment for business partners.

69. Arranging a leisure time and entertainment for business partners in your country.

70. Stereotypes across cultures.

71. Values, stereotypes and cultural generalizations.

72. Punctuality.

73. Business schedules.

74. Company time and personal time.

 

 

Составитель: Каирова Ж.М.

 

Components of Communication

Context

Sender/Encoder

Message

Medium

Receiver/Decoder

Feedback

 

Context

 

Every message (Oral or written), begins with context. Context is a very broad field that consists different aspects. One aspect is country, culture and organization. Every organization, culture and country communicate information in their own way.

 

Sender/Encoder

 

Encoder is the person who sends message. In oral communication the encoder is speaker, and in written communication writer is the encoder. An encoder uses combination of symbols, words, graphs and pictures understandable by the receiver, to best convey his message in order to achieve his desired response.

 

Message

 

Message is the information that is exchanged between sender and receiver. The first task is to decide what you want to communicate and what would be the content of your message; what are the main points of your message and what other information to include. The central idea of the message must be clear. While writing the message, encoder should keep in mind all aspects of context and the receiver (How he will interpret the message).

Messages can be intentional and unintentional.

 

Medium

 

Medium is the channel through which encoder will communicate his message. How the message gets there. Your medium to send a message, may be print, electronic, or sound. Medium may be a person as postman. The choice of medium totally depends on the nature of you message and contextual factors discussed above. Choice of medium is also influence by the relationship between the sender and receiver.

 

 

Receiver/Decoder

 

The person to whom the message is being sent is called ‘receiver’/'decoder’. Receiver may be a listener or a reader depending on the choice of medium by sender to transmit the message. Receiver is also influenced by the context, internal and external stimuli.

Receiver is the person who interprets the message, so higher the chances are of mis-communication because of receivers perception, opinion, attitude and personality. There will be minor deviation in transmitting the exact idea only if your receiver is educated and have communication skills.

 

Feedback

 

Response or reaction of the receiver, to a message, is called ‘feedback’. Feedback may be written or oral message, an action or simply, silence may also be a feedback to a message.

Feedback is the most important component of communication in business. Communication is said to be effective only when it receives some feedback. Feedback, actually, completes the loop of communication.

 

2. The basic forms of communication: verbal communication.

Verbal communication refers to the the form of communication in which message is transmitted verbally; communication is done by word of mouth and a piece of writing. Objective of every communication is to have people understand what we are trying to convey. In verbal communication remember the acronym KISS(keep it short and simple).

When we talk to others, we assume that others understand what we are saying because we know what we are saying. But this is not the case. usually people bring their own attitude, perception, emotions and thoughts about the topic and hence creates barrier in delivering the right meaning.

So in order to deliver the right message, you must put yourself on the other side of the table and think from your receiver’s point of view. Would he understand the message? how it would sound on the other side of the table?

 

Verbal Communication is further divided into:

Oral Communication

Written Communication

Oral Communication

 

In oral communication, Spoken words are used. It includes face-to-face conversations, speech, telephonic conversation, video, radio, television, voice over internet. In oral communication, communication is influence by pitch, volume, speed and clarity of speaking.

 

Advantages of Oral communication are:

It brings quick feedback.

In a face-to-face conversation, by reading facial expression and body language one can guess whether he/she should trust what’s being said or not.

 

Disadvantage of oral communication

In face-to-face discussion, user is unable to deeply think about what he is delivering, so this can be counted as a

 

Written Communication

 

In written communication, written signs or symbols are used to communicate. A written message may be printed or hand written. In written communication message can be transmitted via email, letter, report, memo etc. Message, in written communication, is influenced by the vocabulary & grammar used, writing style, precision and clarity of the language used.

Written Communication is most common form of communication being used in business. So, it is considered core among business skills.

Memos, reports, bulletins, job descriptions, employee manuals, and electronic mail are the types of written communication used for internal communication. For communicating with external environment in writing, electronic mail, Internet Web sites, letters, proposals, telegrams, faxes, postcards, contracts, advertisements, brochures, and news releases are used.

 

Advantages of written communication includes:

 

Messages can be edited and revised many time before it is actually sent.

Written communication provide record for every message sent and can be saved for later study.

A written message enables receiver to fully understand it and send appropriate feedback.

 

Disadvantages of written communication includes:

 

Unlike oral communication, Written communication doesn’t bring instant feedback.

It take more time in composing a written message as compared to word-of-mouth. and number of people struggles for writing ability.

 

3. The basic forms of communication: non-verbal communication.

 

Nonverbal Communication

 

Nonverbal communication is the sending or receiving of wordless messages. We can say that communication other than oral and written, such as gesture, body language, posture, tone of voice or facial expressions, is called nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication is all about the body language of speaker.

 

Nonverbal communication helps receiver in interpreting the message received. Often, nonverbal signals reflects the situation more accurately than verbal messages. Sometimes nonverbal response contradicts verbal communication and hence affect the effectiveness of message.

 

Nonverbal communication have the following three elements:

 

Appearance

Speaker: clothing, hairstyle, neatness, use of cosmetics

Surrounding: room size, lighting, decorations, furnishings

 

Body Language

facial expressions, gestures, postures

 

Sounds

Voice Tone, Volume, Speech rate