Title II : Ethical and Social Rights and Duties

Articoli:

 

• Title II - Art. 29
• Title II - Art. 30
• Title II - Art. 31
• Title II - Art. 32
• Title II - Art. 33
• Title II - Art. 34

 

Title II - Art. 29

The Republic recognises the rights of the family as a natural society founded on matrimony.
Matrimony is based on the moral and legal equality of the spouses within the limits laid down by
law to guarantee the unity of the family.

 

Title II - Art. 30

It is the duty and right of parents to support, raise and educate their children, even if born
out of wedlock. In the case of incapacity of the parents, the law provides for the
fulfilment of their duties. The law ensures to children born out of wedlock every form of
legal and social protection, that is compatible with the rights of members of the legitimate
family. The law lays down the rules and limitations for the determination of paternity.

 

Title II - Art. 31

The Republic assists the formation of the family and the fulfilment of its duties, with
particular consideration for large families, through economic measures and other benefits.
The Republic protects mothers, children and the young by adopting the necessary provisions.

 

Title II - Art. 32

The Republic safeguards health as a fundamental right of the individual and as a collective interest, and guarantees free medical care to the indigent.
No one may be obliged to undergo any given health treatment except under the provisions of
the law. The law cannot under any circumstances violate the limits imposed by respect for
the human person.

 

Title II - Art. 33

The Republic guarantees the freedom of the arts and sciences, which may be freely taught. The Republic lays down general rules for education and establishes state schools for all branches and grades.
Entities and private persons have the right to establish schools and institutions of education, at no cost to the State.
The law, when setting out the rights and obligations for the non-state schools which request
parity, shall ensure that these schools enjoy full liberty and offer their pupils an education and qualifications of the same standards as those afforded to pupils in state schools.
State examinations are prescribed for admission to and graduation from the various branches and grades of schools and for qualification to exercise a profession.
Institutions of higher learning, universities and academies, have the right to establish their own
regulations within the limits laid down by the laws of the State.

 

Title II - Art. 34

Schools are open to everyone.
Primary education, which is imparted for at least eight years, is compulsory and free.
Capable and deserving pupils, including those without adequate finances, have the right to
attain the highest levels of education.
The Republic renders this right effective through scholarships, allowances to families and other
benefits, which shall be assigned through competitive examinations.

Titolo III - Economic Rights and Duties

Articoli:

 

• Title III - Art. 35
• Title III - Art. 36
• Title III - Art. 37
• Title III - Art. 38
• Title III - Art. 39
• Title III - Art. 40
• Title III - Art. 41
• Title III - Art. 42
• Title III - Art. 43
• Title III - Art. 44
• Title III - Art. 45
• Title III - Art. 46
• Title III - Art. 47

 

Title III - Art. 35

The Republic protects work in all its forms and practices.
It provides for the training and professional advancement of workers.
It promotes and encourages international agreements and organisations which have the aim of
establishing and regulating labour rights.
It recognises the freedom to emigrate, subject to the obligations set out by law in the general
interest, and protects Italian workers abroad.

 

Title III - Art. 36

Workers have the right to a remuneration commensurate to the quantity and quality of their
work and in all cases to an adequate remuneration ensuring them and their families a free
and dignified existence.
Maximum daily working hours are established by law.
Workers have the right to a weekly rest day and paid annual holidays. They cannot waive this
right.

 

Title III - Art. 37

Working women have the same rights and are entitled to equal pay for equal work. Working
conditions must allow women to fulfil their essential role in the family and ensure special
appropriate protection for the mother and child.
The law establishes the minimum age for paid work.
The Republic protects the work of minors by means of special provisions and guarantees them
the right to equal pay for equal work.

 

Title III - Art. 38

Every citizen unable to work and without the necessary means of subsistence has a right to
welfare support.
Workers have the right to be assured adequate means for their needs and necessities in the
case of accidents, illness, disability, old age and involuntary unemployment.
Disabled and handicapped persons have the right to education and vocational training.
The duties laid down in this article are provided for by entities and institutions established by or
supported by the State.
Private-sector assistance may be freely provided.

 

Title III - Art. 39

Trade unions have the right to organise themselves freely.
No obligations can be imposed on trade unions other than registration at local or central offices,
according to the provisions of the law.
A condition for registration is that the statutes of the trade unions establish their internal
organisation on a democratic basis.
Registered trade unions are legal persons. They may, through a unified representation that is
proportional to their membership, enter into collective labour agreements that have a
mandatory effect for all persons belonging to the categories referred to in the agreement.

 

Title III - Art. 40

The right to industrial action shall be exercised in compliance with the law.

 

Title III - Art. 41

Private-sector economic initiative is freely exercised.
It cannot be conducted in conflict with social usefulness or in such a manner that could damage
safety, liberty and human dignity.
The law shall provide for appropriate programmes and controls so that public and private-sector
economic activity may be oriented and co-ordinated for social purposes.

 

Title III - Art. 42

Property is publicly or privately owned. Economic assets belong to the State, to entities or
to private persons. Private property is recognised and guaranteed by the law, which
prescribes the ways it is acquired, enjoyed and its limitations so as to ensure its social
function and make it accessible to all.
Private property may, in the cases provided for by the law and with provisions for compensation,
be expropriated for reasons of general interest.
The law establishes the regulations and limits of legitimate and testamentary inheritance and the
rights of the State in matters of inheritance.

 

Title III - Art. 43

For purposes of general interest, specific enterprises or categories of enterprises related to
essential public services, energy sources or monopolistic situations and which have a
primary public interest, may be reserved from the outset to the State, public entities or
communities of workers or users, or may be transferred to them by means of expropriation
and payment of compensation.

 

Title III - Art. 44

For the purpose of ensuring the rational exploitation of land and equitable social
relationships, the law imposes obligations and constraints on the private ownership of
land; it sets limitations to the size of holdings according to the region and agricultural
zone; encourages and imposes land reclamation, the conversion of latifundia and the
reorganisation of farm units; and assists small and medium-sized holdings.
The law makes provisions in favour of mountainous areas.

 

Title III - Art. 45

The Republic recognises the social function of co-operation of a mutualistic, non-speculative
nature. The law promotes and encourages co-operation through appropriate
means and ensures its character and purposes through adequate controls.
The law safeguards and promotes artisanal work.

 

Title III - Art. 46

For the economic and social betterment of workers and in harmony with the needs of
production, the Republic recognises the rights of workers to collaborate in the
management of enterprises, in the ways and within the limits established by law.

 

Title III - Art. 47

The Republic encourages and safeguards savings in all forms. It regulates, co-ordinates and
oversees the operation of credit.
The Republic promotes the access through citizens' mutual savings to the ownership of housing
and of directly cultivated land, as well as to direct and indirect investment in the equity
of the large production complexes of the country.