Qualifying syntactic relations form the constituents of

a) attributive group;

b) subject and predicate group;

c) object and adverbial modifier group.

 

The general invariant meaning of the category of Tense is

a) the reference to the moment of speaking;

b) the reference to some event at present;

c) the reference to the time of objective reality.

 

Sentence is defined as

a) communicative unit with a meaning and a form;

b) immediate integral unit of speech built up of words according to a definite syntactic pattern and distinguished by a meaning and contextually relevant communicative purpose;

c) immediate integral unit of speech built up of grammatical forms structured according to their meanings and communicative purpose.

 

Taxis is defined as

a) the process measured from some definite moment located at present;

b) the process measured from some definite moment located at present and past;

c) the process measured from some definite moment located at present, past and future.

 

28. Answer the question: Which of the following provides for the model of immediate constituents?

a) Kernel sentences;

b) IC-derivation tree;

c) Base patterns and transforms.

 

Figure out what makes the system of English tenses controversial

a) categorical expression of verbal tense by shall\will forms;

b) absolute and relative expression of time;

c) understanding mode of the process as tine distinctions.

 

30. Exclude the given functions from characteristics of the adverbial modifier:

a) attending circumstances;

b) being restrictive\non-restrictive;

c) concession.

 

Non-continuous verbal forms have variant grammatical meaning of

a) being repeated or single occurrence;

b) being developed during the period of time;

c) being simultaneous with another process.

 

In a composite sentence the predicative lines are made up of

a) clauses;

b) separate sentences;

c) principal and secondary parts.

 

The grammatical category of Voice indicates

a) conditions of development of the process;

b) direction of the process as regards its subject;

c) direction of the process as regards its subject and object.

 

34. Exclude the right word from the list of coordinate connectors:

a) conjunctive substitutes;

b) conjunctions proper;

c) semi-functional clausal connectors.

 

35. Answer the question: Which of the clauses in the complex sentence comes from the functional classification?

a) Predicative clause;

b) Substantive-nominal;

c) Qualification nominal.

 

Parallel homogeneous, heterogeneous, consecutive arrangement relates to

a) subordination;

b) coordination;

c) predication.

 

Case is defined as

a) a lexical device to express relations between nounal referents in a sequence of words;

b) a syntactic construction showing connections between different nouns occupying certain positions in a sentence;

c) a morphological category manifested in the form of a noun declension showing the relations of a nounal reference to its neighbours as objects of the reality.

 

Being adversative, copulative, disjunctive, consequential points out functional property of

a) predication;

b) subordination;

c) coordination.

 

Is the division of verbs into notional, structural and modal based on

a) functional significance;

b) structural features;

c) lexical meaning.

 

The semi-complex sentence is based on

a) fusion of explicit (primary) predication and implicit (secondary) predication;

b) explicit (primary) predication;

c) implicit (secondary) predication.

 

Тести з теоретичної фонетики.

1. Fill in the gap: A phoneme is ____________.

a) a sound of speech;

b) the shortest functional unit of speech;

c) the shortest functional unit of a language.

 

2. Fill in the gap: Cockney belongs to ____________.

a) Northern accents;

b) Midland accents;

c) Southern accents.

 

3. Answer the question: Which of the articulatory characteristics given below does not fit the description of vowels?

a) there is an articulatory obstruction to the air stream;

b) muscular tension is diffused more or less evenly throughout the supra-glottal part of the speech apparatus;

c) the exhaling force is rather weak.

 

4. Answer the question: The pronunciation of which of the words given below can be considered an example of non-systematic differences between General American and Received Pronunciation?

a) letter;

b) furniture;

c) research;

d) student.

 

The supraglottal cavities of the articulatory apparatus that make the greatest impact on the produced sounds are

a) the larynx;

b) the nasal cavity;

c) the mouth cavity.

 

6. Answer the question: The pronunciation of which of the words shows both systematic and non-systematic differences between General American and Received Pronunciation?

a) archives;

b) numerous;

c) parquet;

d) poste restante.

 

The number of English vowel phonemes, which are traditionally distinguished by phoneticians in this country, is

a) 10;

b) 15;

c) 21.

 

8. The first one who introduced the term phonology as the science of purely linguistic (functional) aspect of speech sounds, opposed to anthropophonics (the proper phonetics in modern terms) was:

a) D. Jones;

b) J.N.I. Baudouin de Courtenay;

c) L.V. Shcherba.

The number of English consonant phonemes, which are traditionally distinguished by phoneticians in this country, is

a) 20;

b) 22;

c) 24.

 

The section of phonetics, which studies the correlation between the phonetic systems of two or more languages, especially kindred ones and finds out the correspondences between the speech sounds of kindred languages, is

a) general phonetics;

b) historical phonetics;

c) comparative phonetics;

d) theoretical phonetics.

 

The consonants articulated by the tip of the tongue raised against the teethridge and the middle part of the tongue which is simultaneously raised to the hard palate are called

a) alveolar;

b) palato-alveolar;

c) post-alveolar.

 

According to the scale of sonority, English sounds, considered to be the most sonorous, are

a) back vowels (low, mid, high);

b) semi-vowels and sonorants;

c) voiced and voiceless consonants.

 

The sounds formed during the separation of the articulating organs in the pronunciation of which the complete closure gradually and uninterruptedly opens into a flat-slit narrowing are called

a) affricates;

b) cacuminal;

c) fricatives.

 

The representation of the sounds of one language as nearly as possible by the letters and letter combinations of another language is called

a) utterance;

b) transliteration;

c) transcription.

 

Vowels are subdivided into monophthongs, diphthongs and diphthongoids according to

a) the degree of tenseness and the character of the end of the vowel;

b) the position of the tongue;

c) the stability of articulation.

 

Retroflexed vowels which are articulated by the tip of the tongue curled back behind the back slope of the teethridge irrespective of the articulation of the vowel itself are typical of

a) Australian English;

b) General American;

c) RP.

 

17. Aspiration is stronger if p, t, k are

a) followed by a long vowel;

b) followed by a short vowel;

c) preceded by s.

 

The tone giving the impression that something is implied is

a) the high falling tone;

b) the rising-falling tone;
c) the falling-rising tone.

 

The type of syllabic structures, which characterizes only the English syllabic system and cannot be found in Russian, is

a) a consonant and a sonorant (CS);

b) a vowel (V);

c) a vowel and a consonant (VC).

 

20. Choose the statement which is not correct: auxiliary and modal verbs are

a) never stressed;

b) stressed when they begin a question;

c) stressed when they combine with the negative not;

d) stressed when they substitute notional verbs in answers.

Different types of sentences distinguished by intonation alone are called

a) syntactical types;

b) communicative types;

c) parenthesis.

 

22. In speech a phoneme performs three functions. Answer the question:

Which of the below-given functions does not characterize a phoneme?

a) distinctive;

b) communicative;

c) constitutive;

d) recognitive.

 

 

The phonetic term, which cannot be used to characterize word accent in the English language, is

a) dynamic;

b) free;

c) musical.