Questions 55 through 58 are based on the following reading.

Lichens are a unique group of complex, flowerless plants growing on rocks and trees. There are thousands of kinds of lichens, which come in a wide variety of colors. They arc composed of algae and fungi which unite to satisfy the needs of the lichens.

The autotrophic green algae produce all their own food through a process called photosynthesis and provide the lichen with nutritional elements. On the other hand, the heterotrophic fungus, which depends on other elements to provide its food, not only absorbs and stores water for the plant, but also helps protect it. This union by which two dissimilar organisms live together is called "symbiosis."

This sharing enables lichens to resist the most adverse environmental conditions found on earth. They can be found in some very unlikely places such as the polar ice caps as well as in tropical zones, in dry areas as well as in wet ones, on mountain peaks and along coastal areas.

The lichen's strong resistance to its hostile environment and its ability to live in harmony with such environments is one example that human­ity should consider in trying to solve its own problems.

55. Which of the following is not true?

(A) Lichens are not simple plants.

(B) The lichen habitat is limited to the polar ice caps.

(C) Lichens can resist a hostile environment.

(D) Heterotrophic plants depend on other elements to supply their food.

56. What can be said about autotrophic plants and heterotrophic plants?

(A) They produce their food in the same manner.

(B) Heterotrophic plants produce all their own food.

(C) Autotrophic plants need other elements to supply their food.

(D) Their methods of food production are completely different.

Which of the following conclusions could be made about lichens?

(A) They are found worldwide and are complex plants made up of algae and fungi.

(B) They are found worldwide and are simple plants, symbiotic in nature.

(C) They are found worldwide and are compound plants made up entirely of algae.

(D) Although found worldwide, lichens are found mostly as a simple plant form in the tropics.

58. Which of the following directly relates to algae?

(A) It offers protection to lichens.

(В) It supplies water for lichens.

(C) It supplies its own food.

(D) It is dependent on other plants for its food supply.

Directions for questions 59 and 60

For each of these questions, choose the answer that is closest in meaning to the original sentence. Note that several of the choices may be factually correct, but you should choose the one that is the closest restatement of the given sentence.

59. Even though Julie is a champion swimmer, she still practices every day.

(A) Julie practices swimming every day despite the fact that she's a champion swimmer.

(B) Even though Julie practices every day, she's still a champion swimmer.

(C) If Julie practices every day, she'll be a champion swimmer.

(D) Julie swims every day; consequently she's a champion swimmer.

60. Mrs. Sylvester will retire next month after teaching chemistry for twenty years.

(A) Twenty years after teaching chemistry, Mrs. Sylvester will retire.

(B) After she has finished teaching chemistry for twenty years, Mrs. Sylvester will retire.

(C) Having taught chemistry for twenty years, Mrs. Sylvester will retire next month.

(D) It will be twenty years next month since Mrs. Sylvester retired.

PRACTICE TEST 2

SECTION II:

STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

PART A

DIRECTIONS

Questions 1- I5 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases, marked (А), (В), (С), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Fill in the space so that the letter inside the oval cannot be seen.

1. Captain Henry, _____________ crept slowly through the underbrush.

(A) being remote from the enemy,

(B) attempting to not encounter the enemy,

(C) trying to avoid the enemy,

(D) not involving himself in the enemy,

2. Tommy was one _____________

(A) of the happy childs of his class

(B) of the happiest child in the class

(C) child who was the happiest of all the class

(D) of the happiest children in the class

3. _____________ he began to make friends more easily.

(A) Having entered school in the new city, it was found that

(B) After entering the new school,

(C) When he had been entering the new school, (D) Upon entering into the new school,

4. It is very difficult to stop the cultivation of marijuana because_____________

(A) it grows very carelessly (B) of it's growth without attention

(C) it grows well with little care (D) it doesn't care much to grow

5. The fact that space exploration has increased dramatically in the past thirty years _____________

(A) is an evidence of us wanting to know more of our solar system

(B) indicates that we are very eager to learn all we can about our solar system

(C) how we want to learn more about the solar system

(D) is pointing to evidence of our intention to know a lot more about what is called our solar system

6. Many of the current international problems we are now facing _____________

(A) linguistic incompetencies

(B) are the result of misunderstandings

(C) are because of not understanding themselves

(D) lacks of the intelligent capabilities of understanding each other

7. Mr. Roberts is a noted chemist _____________

(A) as well as an effective teacher

(B) and too a very efficient teacher

(C) but he teaches very good in addition

(D) however he teaches very good also

8. Public television stations are different from commercial stations_____________

(A) because they receive money differently and different type of shows

(B) for money and program types

(C) in the areas of funding and programming

(D) because the former receives money and has programs differently from the latter

9. Manufacturers often sacrifice quality _____________

(A) for a larger profit margin

(B) in place of to earn more money

(C) to gain more quantities of money

(D) and instead earn a bigger amount of profit

10. Automobile production in the United States_____________

(A) have taken slumps and rises in recent years

(B) has been rather erratic recently

(C) has been erratically lately

(D) are going up and down all the time

11. A major problem in the construction of new buildings_____________

(A) is that windows have been eliminated while air conditioning systems have not been perfected

(B) is they have eliminated windows and still don't nave good air conditioning

(C) is because windows are eliminated but air conditioners don't work good

(D) is dependent on the fact that while they have eliminated windows, they are not capable to produce efficient air conditioning systems

12. John said that no other car could go_____________

13. Her grades have improved, but only _____________

14. While attempting to reach his home before the storm, _____________

(A) the bicycle of John broke down

(B) it happened that John's bike broke down

(C) the storm caught John

(D) John had an accident on his bicycle

15. The changes in this city have occurred _____________

(A) with swiftness

(B) rapidly

(C) fastly

(D) in rapid ways

PART B

DIRECTIONS

In questions 16-40 each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

16. The officials object tothemwearing long dresses for the inaugural dance at the country club.

A B C D

17. Janet is finally used to cook on an electric stove after having a gas onefor so long.

A B C D

18. He knows, to repair the carburetor without taking the whole car apart.

A B C D

19. Stuart stopped to write his letter because he had to leavefor the hospital.

A B C D

20. She must retyping the report before she hands it into the director of financing.

A B C D

21. How much times did Rick and Jennifer have to do the experiment before they obtained the results they had been expecting.

A B C D

22. Each of the studentsin the accounting class has to type theirown research paper this semester.

A B C D

23 Mrs. Stevens, along withher cousins from New Mexico, are planning to attend the festivities.

A B C D

24. They are going to have toleave soon, and so do we.

A B C D

25. All the studentsare looking forward spendingtheir free time relaxing in the sun this summer.

A B C D

26. Dresses, skirts, shoes, and children's clothingare advertisedatgreat reduced prices this weekend.

A B C D

27. Mary and her sisterjust boughttwo newwinters coats at the clearance sale.

A B C D

28. A lunch of soup and sandwiches do not appeal to all of the students.

A B C D

29. Some of us have to study their lessons more carefully if we expect to pass this examination.

A B C D

30. Mr. Peters used to think of hisselfas the only president of the company.

A B C D

31. The instructor advised the students for the procedures to followin writing the term paper.

A B C D

32. Although both of themare tryingto get the scholarship, she has the highest grades.

A B C D

33. The new technique calls for heat the mixture before applyingit to the wood.

A B C D

34. The pilot and the crewdivided the life preservers between the twenty frantic passengers.

A B C D

35. A five-thousand dollars reward was offeredfor the capture of the escaped criminals.

A B C D

36. The equipmentin the officewas badly in need of to be repaired.

A B C D

37. A liter is one of the metric measurements,aren’t they?

A B C D

38. We thought he is planning to go on vacationafterthe first of the month.

A B C D

39. There are a large supply of pens and notebooks in the storeroomto the left of the library entrance.

A B C D

40. The president refuses to accepteither of the four new proposals m ade by the contractors.

A B C D

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