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TASK 1. Translate the following sentences with the Infinitive Constructions.Содержание книги
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a) Complex Subject 1. Accounting is known to be a language of business. 2. She seemed to be an experienced financial manager. 3. Accounting is considered to give very important data for a business and about it. 4. Weak spots are likely to be discovered by the new auditor. 5. They expected accounting records to be done systematically. 6. The company proved to avoid the use of additional assets. 7. He is sure to deal with credit matters. 8. The study of financial affairs and their results is supposed to determine the financial picture of a company. 9. He is said to invest all his money in the business. 10. They believed to limit expenditures and to make adjustments in their production.
b) Complex Object 1. The financial manager made his accountants compare and judge various opportunities of the business development. 2. He expected the business to operate more effectively. 3. The manager wants him to concern with obtaining financial information of their competitors. 4. The Board of Directors let the Managing Director start producing a new model of computers. 5. -I watched him speaking with the controller in the accounting department. - Have you heard him speaking about speeding up the turnover? - No, I felt them discussing return on investments.
c) For-to-Infinitive Construction 1. It was necessary for him to select the bast plan of action to get the firm out of the red. 2. For me to prepare financial statements in time is extremely difficult. 3. All he wanted was for his business to cooperate with this large company. 4. He waited for money to invest in his new business. 5. The profit is too small for shareholders to distribute. 6. The best thing for him to do was to alert management to the existence of fraud. 7. There is no need for the business to involve additional resources. 8. The business is to dangerous for me to deal with. 9. The idea was not clear enough for the accountant to understand and develop. 10. He was just a suitable man for the manager to consult about taxation.
TASK 2. Translate the sentences into English using the proper Infinitive Construction. 1. Он рад, что компании удалось покрыть все расходы. 2. Главному бухгалтеру было легко выполнить эту задачу. 3. Единственное, что он хотел, чтобы предприятие получило высокую прибыль. 4. Мой совет, чтобы компания увеличила свой оборот как можно скорее. 5. Многие знают, что предмет бухгалтерского учета - ведение и контроль коммерческих счетов.
6. Оказалось, что она занимается вопросами налогообложения. 7. Термины бухгалтерского учета, без сомнения, применяются всеми людьми, связанными с бизнесом. 8. Конечно, в бухгалтерском учете нуждается любое общество. 9. Оказалось, что бухгалтерский учет занимается не только ведением бухгалтерских книг, но и использованием этих документов в мире бизнеса. 10. Считается прибыльным занимать долгосрочные кредиты. 11. Он хочет, чтобы предприятие избежало дополнительных капиталовложений. 12. Главный бухгалтер заставил его рассчитать среднюю зарплату рабочего на предприятии. 13.Он заметил, что предложенный метод не привел к желаемой цели.
TEST YOURSELF
TASK 1. Answer the following questions. 1. What is the main purpose of a business? 2. What statements are prepared to learn financial picture of a company? 3. What does the year-end profit include as a rule? 4. When does a firm operate profitably? 5. What frequency of preparing the profit and loss statement is recommended? 6. Is the income account a statement, which helps a manager to plan his business development? 7. How can a manager improve the financial situation with the help of the income statement? 8. What expenses can be varied to get better results in business operating? 9. What is the break-even point? 10. What do costs of sales include? 11.What do manufacturing costs include?
TASK 2. You've got some problems in your business. Say what actions you need to undertake if: 1. Sales are lower than that of successful firms in your line of business. 2. The cost of goods sold is rather high. 3. Your business has unsaleable products. 4. Your business has stockouts. 5. You've learnt that operating costs of your business are similar to those of efficient firms. Will you feel calm and safe or...? 6. Your business is in the red. 7. Your manufacturing costs are too high.
UNIT 3
Accounting ratios Objectives: After studying this Unit you should be able to: • Give the definition of accounting ratios • Analyze ratios of financial statements • Understand and explain their performance Vocabulary
STARTER ACTIVITIES So far we have concentrated on the mechanics of accounting — the way in which accounts are prepared and presented. It is vital that the information contained in accounts is understood and used. There is little point in preparing them otherwise. We will consider the various groups of people who may use a company's accounts and the tools of analysis used to help them make sense of the figures in those accounts. It is very important to show how accounts are used in the business world and to understand what they mean. Two ratios of financial statements, the balance sheet and the profit-and-loss statement, are necessary - and useful. But they are only a start toward understanding where you stand, where you 're going, and how you 're going to get there. If you are to get your money's worth out of them, you should study various relations between some figures they present.
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