Read a cover letter, translate it into Russian. Write your own cover letter by analogy.

 

To Whom It May Concern,

 

I would like to express my interest in a full-time position at stuff within PricewaterhousCoopers. I have learnt a lot about PricewaterhousCoopers before, and this announcement has captured my attention.

I am a last year student of the Finance Academy. I specialize in Finance and Banking with the major in Property Valuation. I am currently searching for an opportunity to start a career within a large consulting company. I expect that my educational background and interpersonal skills will match excellently with your requirements. I would like to be part of a reputable and worldwide organization such as PricewaterhouseCoopers.

Education in Finance and Banking enables me to deal with different aspects of corporate finance. I would like my future work to be directly connected with consulting, because I think it would help me to realize my dreams and aspirations. My energy, flexibility and teamwork skills combined with my analytical frame of mind would meet your expectations.

Please see my resume for more details.

Thank you for your time and consideration.

I am looking forward to meeting you soon.

Sincerely yours,

Ivan Ivanov

 

Раздел II

Из истории достижений нефтегазовой отрасли.

Выдающиеся личности.

 

1. Read and translate the international words into Russian.

to accumulate, material, mechanism, to vary, typical, globe, naturally, demarcation.

 

Learn the vocabulary.

 

1. artificial lift – механизированная добыча, насосно-компрессорная добыча;

2. asphaltite – 1) асфальтит (асфальтоподобный природный материал);

3. bailer – 1) желонка (для чистки скважин) 2) черпак;

4. barrel – баррель (мера вместимости: в Великобритании - 163,3 л; в США - 119 л; для нефти - 159 л; для цемента - 170,5 кг)

5. cap rock – покрывающая порода; покрывающий пласт;

6. complete – завершать, заканчивать (скважину);

7. drilling rig – буровая вышка;

8. fluid – флюид (жидкость, газ, смесь жидкостей и газов);

9. hydrocarbon – углеводород;

10. jet pump – струйный насос; эжектор;

11. layer – слой, пласт;

12. liquid – жидкость;

13. natural flow – фонтанирование, естественный поток;

14. occur – встречаться, попадаться;

15. permeable – проницаемый;

16. porous – пористый;

17. pump – насос, подавать насосом, нагнетать;

18. pump jack – промысловый насос (для перекачки нефти из промысловых резервуаров в нефтехранилище)

19. reservoir rock – пластовая порода;

20. scatter – разбрасывать, размещать;

21. source rock – нефтематеринская порода;

22. string – колонна (труб, штанг);

23. sucker rod – насосная штанга;

24. swab – 1) сваб (поршень для вызова притока в скважину) 2) поршень для откачивания скважины 3) проходной поршень (спускаемый на тросе) 4) песочный насос 5) штанга с плунжером (для чистки труб) 6) откачивать; поднимать жидкость проходным поршнем 7) чистить скважину

25. tubing string – колонна насосно-компрессорных труб.

 

Word building. Make up new words using the following suffixes. Translate them into Russian.

Adj. – Noun reliable – reliabil ity (надежность)

permeable

porous

Verb – Noun locate – loca tion (местонахождение)

accumulate

complete

produce

saturate

Verb – Noun measure – measure ment (система мер, измерение)

develop

equip

Verb – Adj. rewrite – rewrit able (перезаписываемый)

recover

condense

 

Read the text.

 

Text A

FIELDS DEVELOPMENT

 

In the petroleum industry, a field is a large area of land where coal, oil, or gas is found. Three conditions must be present for oil reservoirs to form: a source rock rich in hydrocarbon material buried deep enough for subterranean heat to cook it into oil; a porous and permeable reservoir rock for it to accumulate in; and a cap rock (seal) or other mechanism that prevents it from escaping to the surface. Within these reservoirs, fluids will typically organize themselves like a three-layer cake with a layer of water below the oil layer and a layer of gas above it, although the different layers vary in size between reservoirs.

The typical oil field resembles a small self-contained city in the midst of a landscape with many drilling rigs and/or the pump jacks known as "nodding donkeys" because of their bobbing arm. More than 40,000 oil fields are scattered around the globe – on land and offshore. The largest are the Ghawar Field in Saudi Arabia and the Burgan Field in Kuwait, with more than 60 billion barrels estimated in each.

Development of a field includes the location, drilling, completion, and equipment of wells necessary to produce the commercially recoverable oil and gas in the field.

Oil and gas production necessarily are intimately related. However, the naturally occurring hydrocarbons of petroleum are not only liquid and gaseous but may even be found in a solid state, such as asphaltite.

Where gas is produced without oil, the production problems are simplified because the product flows naturally throughout the life of the well and does not have to be lifted to the surface. However, there are sometimes problems of water accumulations in gas wells, and it is necessary to pump the water from the wells to maintain maximum, or economical, gas production. The line of demarcation between oil wells and gas wells is not definitely established. Most gas wells produce quantities of condensable vapours, such as propane and butane that may be liquefied and marketed for fuel. The more stable liquids produced with gas can be utilized as natural gasoline.

The common methods of producing oil wells are (1) natural flow; (2) pumping with sucker rods; (3) gas lift; (4) hydraulic subsurface pumps; (5) electrically driven centrifugal well pumps; and (6) swabbing.

However, most wells are not self-flowing and various lifting methods must be employed. Approximately 90% of the wells made to produce by some artificial lift method in the United States are equipped with sucker-rod-type pumps. In these the pump is installed at the lower end of the tubing string and is actuated by a string of sucker rods extending from the surface to the subsurface pump. The two common variations are mechanical and hydraulic long-stroke pumping units. Other lifting mechanisms are the gas lift, hydraulic subsurface pumps, swabs, bailers and jet pumps.

 

5. Match the synonyms:

 

1. field a. steam

2. subterranean b. extract

3. prevent from c. rise

4. fluid d. deposit

5. different e. use

6. scatter f. stretch

7. include g. happen

8. recover h. liquid

9. occur i. comprise

10. lift j. underground

11. vapour k. protect

12. employ l. various

13. extend m. diffuse

 

6. Find the English equivalents:

 

Нефтематеринская порода, богатая углеводородами; глубоко залегать; пористая и проницаемая пластовая порода; покрывающая порода; предотвращать выход нефти на поверхность; изменяться по размеру; быть разбросанным по земному шару – на суше и на море; коммерчески добываемые нефть и газ; быть тесно связанным; углеводороды, встречающиеся в природе; жидкий; газообразный; твердый; период эксплуатации скважины; быть поднятым на поверхность; скопления воды в газовой скважине; демаркационная линия; конденсируемый газ; центробежный насос с электроприводом; насосно-компрессорная добыча; насосная штанга; на нижнем конце насосно-компрессорной колонны; механические и гидравлические длинноходовые станки-качалки.

 

7. Fill in the gaps:

occurs, barrels, variable, porous, recoverable, involves, layers, cap rock, rig, natural flow, locations, offshore.

 

1. Petroleum is an oily flammable liquid that … naturally in deposits, usually beneath the surface of the earth.

2. Nearly 250,000 … of crude oil were spilt off the coast of Alaska in 1989.

3. The proportion of hydrocarbons in the mixture is highly... and ranges from as much as 97% by weight in the lighter oils to as little as 50% in the heavier oils.

4. Petroleum is found in... rock formations in the upper layers of some areas of the Earth's crust.

5. Because the energy return over energy invested ratio of oil is constantly falling,... oil reserves are significantly less than total oil-in-place.

6. One of the alternative methods... converting high ash coal into synthetic oil in a multi-stage process.

7. Waters and pressure of overlying … pushed oil upward until it reached an impermeable layer of rock called a cap rock.

8. A … stops further migration of oil and oil is thus trapped in a reservoir.

9. The … is known to consist of surface equipment and a derrick which houses drilling tools.

10. Under natural pressure oil flows freely and it is called the ….

11. The production of oil and gas reserves is increasingly moving to remote, challenging …, such as Russia’s Sakhalin Island, offshore West Africa etc.

12. China is building a semi-submersible unit capable of deep and ultra-deep drilling for their … fields.

 

Text B