How can we understand the power of the immune system? All that we have to do is to have a look at one’s death, because it will show important things about our immune system.

3) What happens when somebody dies? When somebody dies its immune system shuts down. In a matter of hours, the body is invaded by all sorts of bacteria, microbes, parasites.

4) What are the synonyms of the word “virus”? A germ

5) What happens when the germ invades one’s body? It reproduces, normally causes problems and germ's presence produces some side effect that makes you sick.

6) What are benign bacteria? These bacteria, for example, help digest food.

7) How many ways of the immune system protection can you name? The immune system protects you in three different ways. There are barrier from outside dangers, detection and elimination of germs in organism and priority for immune system in elimination of causing problems germ.

8) Are there the diseases which you catch once and then never again? There are many diseases that, if you catch them once, you will never catch again. Measles is a good example, as is chicken pox.

9) What is a vaccine? How does it work? A vaccine is a weakened form of a disease. The immune system mounts the same defense, but because the disease is different or weaker you get few or no symptoms of the disease and when the real disease invades your body, your body is able to eliminate it immediately.

10) Are there any vaccines unable to be cured by vaccines? There are cold and influenza.

11) What happens each time you get flu? You get a different strain of the flu.

Ex. 2, pp. 171-174

1) Scientists believe that the occurrence of harmful cancerous tumors is a consequence of the multicellular structure of the body.

2) When bacteria enter the body, it they begin to reproduce actively, and the products of their vital activity are toxins, which are very harmful.

3) The patient had a fever, all the symptoms spoke of inflammation caused by infection.

4) Doctor, do I have a risk of getting polio?

5) As a child, you should have been given a vaccine against this disease. If you have been vaccinated, you are excluded from the risk group.

6) The flu virus mutates quickly.

7) More than 30 years ago, antibodies were discovered, and it was proved that they contribute to the acceleration of the immune response upon repeated contact with the antigen.

8) The spleen is also part of the immune system

Ex. 3, pp. 171-174

 Large intestine - is the last part of the gastrointestinal tract and of the digestive system in vertebrates

Subclavian vein - is a paired large vein, one on either side of the body, that is responsible for draining blood from the upper extremities, allowing this blood to return to the heart

Thymus - is a specialized primary lymphoid organ of the immune system

Ex. 4, pp. 171-174

1) Inside your body there is an amazing protection mechanism called immune system.

2) Obviously your immune system is doing something to keep all of that dismantling from happening when you are alive.

3) When a virus or bacteria invades your body and reproduces, it normally causes problems.

4) The strep throat bacteria releases a toxin that causes inflammation in your throat.

5) The job of your immune system is to protect your body from these infections.

6) If a bacteria or virus does get into the body, the immune system tries to detect and eliminate it before it can make itself at home and reproduce.

7) Cells recognize the virus and produce antibodies for it.

8) A vaccine is a weakened form of a disease.

9) Many diseases cannot be cured by vaccines.

10) These diseases either mutate quickly or have so many different strains in the wild.

Ex. 6, pp. 171-174

Once you die it only takes a few weeks for viruses, bacteria or parasites to completely dismantle your body and carry it away, until all that's left is a skeleton. It sounds incredible and awfully.

Many diseases cannot be cured by vaccines.

Some people are born with no immune system.

Happy and healthy relationship improves your immune system.

Too little sleep will affect your immune system.

Ex. 7, pp. 171-174

1) The strep throat bacteria (Streptococcus) releases a toxin that causes inflammation in your throat. (TRUE)

2) The Immune system doesn’t work against viruses. It deals only with cells. (It is works against viruses. the immune system suppresses the action of the virus for a few days to 3-4 weeks)

3) Bacteria have no nucleus. (TRUE)

4) Erythrocytes are not the part of immune system. (The role of erythrocytes in infection is very important. Erythrocyte membranes are extremely biologically active and adsorb on their surface a large number of wandering antigens in the blood)

5) Bacteria and viruses work in the same way. (They work in the different ways)

6) A vaccine is a form of a disease. (A vaccine is a weakened form of a disease)