After tense negotiations between the hijackers and air traffic control in Cyprus, the plane was allowed to land at Larnaca airport.

1 After 48 hours of intensive negotiations between the hijackers and air traffic control in negotiations between the hijackers and air traffic control in Cyprus, the plane was allowed to land at Larnaca airport.

2 After tense negotiations between the hijackers and air traffic control in Cyprus, the plane was allowed to land at Larnaca airport.

3. The agreement on limiting television violence represents the climax of several months of intense negotiations between television executives and the National Parent-Teacher Association.

4. Then violence broke out and d negotiations to put the process back on track.

it took six months of delicate negotiations in which he slept for only one hour, Mr Prescott said, ‘It has been both tough and incredibly complicated.’

5. The deal was struck only after eleventh-hour negotiations between the US, the European Union and Japan.

Bargaining
To bargain is to discuss and agree the price of something. Someone who does this is a bargainer.
Bargaining is used to talk about pay negotiations, especially in phrases like collective bargaining, pay bargaining, wage bargaining.
All these refer to discussions between groups of employees and their employers about pay and conditions.
Bargaining is also often used in these combinations.
Tactic – a particular technique used by a negotiator
ploy - a technique used by a negotiator that might be considered as unfair
chip/tool an issue that a negotiator uses in order to gain an advantage
point – a particular issue that a negotiator discusses
power – the degree to which one side is strong enough to obtain what it wants
process – the way that negotiations develop

Task 4. Complete what an employee representative says with expressions from the text opposite.
1 Last night, we were talking with employers until 3 am, but it wasn’t really necessary – they were trying to tire us out. It was just a ploy
2 When unemployment is low, we can be more demanding. We have more power
3 When neither side is aggressive, things go much better. It improves the whole process
4 The most difficult area is negotiating what employees are going to be earning next year, what’s called point (3 expressions).
5 It’s good when you have a piece of information that the other side don’t have. It can turn out to be a useful chip (2 expressions).
6 I usually get what I want. I’m a pretty good in Bargaining
Preparing to negotiate
When you’re going to negotiate, it’s important not to rush into things.
a) Get as much information as possible about the situation. If you are dealing with people from another culture, find out about its negotiating styles1 and etiquette2, and so on. The more you can find out, the better!
b) Work out what your needs and objectives3 are. This gives you your initial bargaining position4.
c) Try to estimate the needs and objectives of the other side.
d) Prepare a fallback position5.
e) Perhaps you are in a position to influence the choice of venue6. If so, decide whether you prefer:
– to be on your own ground7
– to go and see the other side on their ground8
– to meet on neutral ground9, for example in a hotel.
f) If you are negotiating as part of a negotiating team10, consult the other members of the team about the points above. Allocate roles and responsibilities11.