Повелительное наклонение. Повествовательные предложения. Вопросительные предложения

Повелительное наклонение

Команда, просьба в косвенной речи обычно выражается инфинитивным оборотом:

My boss said to me, “Send this fax urgently!” – Мой босс сказал мне: «Срочно отправьте этот факс».

→ My boss told me to send that fax urgently. – Мой босс сказал мне срочно отправить этот факс.

The policeman ordered, “Don’t park here.” – Полицейский приказал: «Не паркуйтесь здесь».

→ The policeman ordered not to park there. – Полицейский приказал не парковаться здесь.

Повествовательные предложения

Повествовательное предложение в косвенной речи обычно преобразуется в придаточное предложение, введенное союзом that. При необходимости происходит изменение формы глагола в придаточном предложении, замена наречий места и времени, а также личных, притяжательных и указательных местоимений (в зависимости от изменения лица, от которого ведется повествование):

My assistant said, “I reserved a room at the hotel yesterday.” – Мой помощник сказал: «Я забронировал номер в отеле вчера».

→ My assistant said that he had reserved a room at the hotel the day before. – Мой помощник сказал, что он забронировал номер в отеле вчера.

She said, “I will let you know as soon as I receive the results.” – Она сказала: «Я сообщу тебе, как только получу результаты».

→ She said that she would let me know as soon as she received the results. – Она сказала, что сообщит мне, как только получит результаты.

 

Вопросительные предложения

Вопросительные предложения, передаваемые в косвенной речи, называются косвенными вопросами. В отличие от вопроса в прямой речи, порядок слов в косвенном вопросе такой же, как в обычном повествовательном предложении (подлежащее стоит перед сказуемым):

She asked me, “Where are you going?” (прямой вопрос)

→ She asked me where I was going. (косвенный вопрос)

Общий вопрос в косвенной речи вводится союзами if или whether:

He asked, “Do you speak English?” – Он спросил: «Вы говорите по-английски?»

→ He asked me if I spoke English. – Он спросил, говорю ли я по-английски.

He enquired, “Did you hear the news?” – Он поинтересовался: «Вы слышали новости?»

→ He enquired whether we had heard the news. – Он поинтересовался, слышали ли мы новости.

Специальный вопрос вводится тем же вопросительным словом, что и соответствующий вопрос в прямой речи:

He asked, “What is she going to do?” – Он спросил: «Что она собирается делать?»

→ He asked what she was going to do. – Он спросил, что она собирается делать.

“Why are you so late?” she asked me. – Она спросила меня: «Почему вы так опоздали?»

→ She asked me why I was so late. – Она спросила меня, почему я так опоздал.

 

 

I. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:

1. We notified the bank that we (changed / had changed) our legal address.

2. The interviewer asked me if I (was / am) good at meeting deadlines.

3. Mr. Tigerman advised me (to talk / that he will talk) to the CEO in person.

4. Could you tell me where their head office (is / was) situated?

5. The employees complained that the contractor (doesn’t pay / didn’t pay) them any benefits.

6. Did Mrs. Shalley say why (had she called / she had called)?

7. I cannot believe it! Milla has just asked me how (to / could she)send an e-mail!

8. The Prime Minister said that the level of unemployment gradually (is falling / was falling) those days.

9. My chief asked me (not to put / didn’t put) any calls through to his office.

10. The current law states that an employee (has / had) the right to appeal against dismissal.

 

II. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:

1. The employees argued that the reduction in wages … unlawful.

a. was                                              c. is

b. will be                                          d. was being

2. Katherine’s told me that at the moment she … for a better job.

a. was looking                                 c. looked

b. looks                                            d. is looking

3. The interviewer wanted to know how old … .

a. was I                                            c. I am

b. I was                                            d. am I

4. The correspondent asked the Returning Officer … on the election results.

a. to comment                                  c. to not comment

b. don’t comment                            d. to commented

5. Mr Rayner had nothing to say except that he … guilty of the charges.

a. is not                                            c. has not been

b. was not                                        d. did not be

6. The Executive Director convinced the Board that the new project … a success.

a. will be                                          c. would be

b. is going to be                               d. was

7. I suppose you already … the news about our merger with Atlantic Co.

a. heard                                            c. have heard

b. hear                                              d. had heard

8. The suppliers asked us not to worry as the duplicate invoice … by 4 o’clock.

a. would have been sent                   c. will be sent

b. was being sent                             d. will have been sent

9. Could you tell me what time … as a rule?

a. do the committee meetings finish c. the committee meetings finished

b. would the committee meetings finish  d. the committee meetings finish

10. At the meeting the shareholders asked how the company … in the previous year.

a. did                                               c. was doing

b. had been doing                             d. would do

 

III. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи:

1. Sheila phoned me and said, “I’ll probably arrive late due to heavy traffic.”

2. The manager asked, “Has the date for the next meeting been fixed yet?”

3. “Could I have the bill, please?” I asked the waiter.

4. The chairman said, “Your issue is outside the scope of the meeting.”

5. “What time have you arranged to see the clients?” he’s asked her.

6. “I’m taking my qualifying exam next week,” my fellow worker said.

7. The suppliers threatened us, “We’ll sue you if you cancel the agreement.”

8. “Were there any phone calls for me yesterday?” asked Mr. McNamara.

9. Miranda complained, “I have to work ten hours a day without overtime pay.”

10. “You’ve made a lot of progress since you started working here,” Mike’s superior admitted.