Вспомните значение следующих английских слов и подберите к ним эквиваленты из правого столбца (работа в парах).

1. cheap filler 2. concreting material   3. applied load 4. percolation of moisture 5. volume change 6. sufficient strength 7. resistance to weathering 8. harmful impurities 9. fine aggregate 10. excessive cracking 11. finely divided material 12. subject to disintegration 13. fine-grained sand

1. мелкий заполнитель 2. вредные вещества (включения, нечистоты) 3. стойкость к выветриванию 4. чрезмерное образование трещин 5. мелкозернистый песок 6. бетонная смесь 7. достаточная прочность 8. дешевый заполнитель 9. материал тонкого помола (очень мелкий) 10. изменение объема 11. просачивание влаги 12. приложенная нагрузка 13. подвергаться разрушению

4.Прочитайте и закончите предложения о заполнителях в соответствии с содержанием текста. Предложения переведите (работа в парах).

1. Aggregates are the materials   2. They provide a cheap filler 3. They can resist 4. They reduce   5. All aggregates (natural and artificial)   6. Sand is the chief material   7. Sand is not subjected to 8. A mixture of coarse and fine grains is very satisfactory

a)as it makes a denser and stronger concrete. b)to disintegration and decay c)for the concreting material d)have sufficient strength and resistance to weathering e)volume changes in the process of concrete setting and hardening. f)such as sand and small stones, that are mixed with cement to form concrete. g)used as a fine aggregate h)the action of the applied loads, of abrasion, and of climate factors

 

TEXTS FOR TEST

 

1. Прочитайте и переведите следующий текст на русский язык, пользуясь словами и выражениями из текстов, прочитанных дома.

 

TEXT 1. MODERN BUILDING MATERIALS

     Some of the most important building materials are: timber, brick, stone concrete, metal, plastics and glass.

Timber is provided by different kinds of trees. Timbers used for building purposes are divided into two groups called softwoods and hardwoods. Timber is at present not so much used in building construction, as in railway engineering, in mining and in the chemical industries where it provides a number of valuable materials.

     However, timber is still employed as a building material in the form of boards. For interior of buildings plywood and veneer serve a number of purposes.

     A brick is best described as a “ building unit ”. It may be made of clay by moulding and baking in kilns, of concrete, of mortar or of a composition of sawdust and other materials. In shape it is a rectangular solid and its weight is from 6,5 to 9 lb.

     There exists variety of bricks for different purposes: ordinary, hollow or porous, lightweight, multicolor bricks for decorative purposes, etc. Bricks are usually laid in place with the help of mortar.

     The shape and convenient size of brick enables a man to grip it with an easy confidence and, because of this brick building has been popular for many hundred years. The hand of the average man is large enough to take a brick and he is able to handle more than 500 bricks in an eight-hour working day.

     Sometimes natural stones such as marble, granite, basalt, limestone and s andstone are used for the construction of dams and foundations. Marble, granite and sandstone are widely used for decorative purposes as well, especially with the public buildings.

     Metals: A luminum, principally in the form of various alloys, is highly valued for its durability and especially for its light weight, while brass id frequently used for decorative purposes in facing.

Steel finds its use in corrugated sheets for roofing, for girders, frames, etc. Various shapes are employed in construction.

Plastics are artificial materials used in construction work for a vast number of purposes. Nowadays plastics, which are artificial materials, can be applied to almost every branch of building, from the laying of foundation to the final coat of paint. Synthetic resins are the main raw material for plastics. Plastics have some good advantages as they are lighter than metals, not subject to corrosion and they can be easier machined. Besides, they are inflammable, they can take any colour and pattern, and they are good electrical insulators. More over, they possess a high resistance to chemical action.

A lot of decorative plastics, now available, have brought about a revolution in interior and exterior design. But plastics are used now not only for decoration. These materials are sufficiently rigid to stand on their own without any support. They can be worked with ordinary builder’s tools.

Laminate is a strong material manufactured from many layers of paper or textile impregnated with thermosetting resins. This sandwich is then pressed and subjected to heat. Laminate has been developed for both inside and outside use. It resists severe weather conditions for more than ten years without serious deformation. As a structural material it is recommended for exterior work. Being used for surfacing, laminate gives the tough surface.

Foamed glass is a high –porosity heat insulating material, available in block made of fine-ground glass and a frothing agent.

Foamed glass is widely used in prefabricated house building, to ensure heat insulation of exterior wall panels, and in industrial construction.

Foamed glass has a high mechanical strength, is distinguished by moisture, vapour and gas impermeability. It is non-inflammable, offers resistance to frost, possesses a high sound absorption, and it is easily sewn and nailed.

Structural foamed glass block are designed to fill ceilings, and for making interior partitions in buildings and rooms, to ensure heat and sound insulation.

Concrete is perhaps the most widely spread building material used nowadays. Concrete is an artificial stone, made by thoroughly mixing such natural ingredients or aggregates as cement, sand and gravel or broken stone together with sufficient water to produce a mixture of the proper consistency. It has many valuable properties. It sets under water, can be poured into moulds so as to get almost any desirable form, and together with steel in reinforced concrete it has very high strength, and also resists fire. Prestressed concrete is most widely used at present while prefabricated blocks are employed on vast scale for skeleton structures.