Help, stay, find, speak, look after, telephone, buy, go, go out, get on

 

e.g. We decided to go to Spain for our holidays.

 

1. She learnt _________________________ Arabic when she was a child.

2. I tried ____________________________ you but there was no answer.

3. They refused ______________________________________ the plane.

4. She hopes ________________________________________ a job soon.

5. Did you forget _____________________________________ the bread?

 

6. I'm tired: I don't want __________________________________ tonight.

7. They offered ________________________ the children for the evening.

8. They're planning ________________________ with us for the weekend.

9. He agreed ________________________________ us with our problem.

 

‘To-infinitive’ is used to express purpose: e.g. I came here to see you. ‘In order to + infinitive’ and ‘so as to + infinitive’ are also used to express purpose, BUT:

 

· ‘in order to + infinitive’ is more formal than ‘to-infinitive’

 

· ‘in order to + infinitive’ and ‘so as to + infinitive’ are more common than ‘to-infinitive’ before verbs like be, have, know: e.g. I got up early so as to be ready for John’s phone call.

 

109

· ‘ in order not to + infinitive’ and ‘so as not to + infinitive’ are more common than ‘not to-infinitive’ to express a negative purpose: e.g. He opened the door quietly so as not to disturb the baby.

 

2. Answer each question as one sentence, using to + infinitive. Note that you will need to change some words.

 

e.g. Q: Why do you go to the beach every weekend?

A: Because I like swimming. – She goes to the beach every weekend to swim.

1. Q: Why did you move to London?

A: I wanted to find work. – He ___________________________

2. Q: Why are you leaving home?

A: I'm going to university in Birmingham. – She _____________________

3. Q: Why are you having a party?

 

A: It's my thirtieth birthday, and I want to celebrate it. – He _____________

4. Q: Why do you get up at six every morning?

A: I do my training then. – She ___________________________________

5. Q: Why are you going out?

A: I want to post a card to my mother. – He ________________________

6. Q: Why are you saving money?

A: We want to buy a car. – They ________________________________

 

7. Q: Why are you going to Egypt?

A: We want to visit Ali's parents. – They __________________________

8. Q: Why did you buy a new suit?

A: I want to wear it at the office party. – He ________________________

9. Q: Why did you buy a DVD recorder?

A: We want to record the World Cup Final. – They ___________________

 

‘To-infinitive’ can be used after certain adjectives (angry, happy, glad etc.): e.g. I’m glad to see you. If an infinitive needs its own subject, this is introduced by ‘ for ’. Compare: e.g. Ann will be happy to help you. Ann will be happy for the children to help you.

 

3. Write these sentences in another way, beginning as shown:

 

1. It's difficult to understand him. – He is difficult to understand.

2. It's quite easy to use this machine. – This machine is ________________.

3. It was very difficult to open the window. – The window ______________.

4. It's impossible to translate some words. – Some words _______________.

 

5. It's not safe to stand on that chair. – That chair _____________________.

6. It's expensive to maintain a car. – A ______________________________.

 

4. Rewrite these sentences using the structure with “for... to...”.

 

e.g. She can't come. – It's impossible for her to come.

 

110

1. The meeting needn't start before eight. (There's no need for the...)

 

2. He's not usually late. (It's unusual for...)

3. I want the children to go to a good school. (I'm anxious for...)

4. John shouldn't go to Australia. (It's a bad idea...)

5. Sue shouldn't change her job just now. (It would be a mistake...)

6. Can Paul come to the meeting? (Is it possible...?)

7. The car really should have regular services. (It's important...)

 

8. He normally stays up late on Saturdays. (It's normal...)

9. I'd be happy if you took a holiday. (I'd be happy for...)

 

‘To-infinitive’ can be used after certain nouns and pronouns, to show what is to be done with them or how they are to be used: e.g. I’ve got some homework to do.

 

5. Complete the second sentence using the adjective in brackets. Use a/an + adjective + noun + to-infinitive (as in the example):

 

1. I couldn't answer the question. (difficult) – It was a difficult question to answer.

2. Everybody makes that mistake. (easy) – It's an ___________________.

3. I like living in this place. (nice) – It's a _________________________.

4. We enjoyed watching the game. (good) – It was __________________.

 

6. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences, making one verb an infinitive and writing the other in the Present Simple:

 

e.g. plane catch she a have. – She has a plane to catch.

e.g. lot of a housework there be do. – There is a lot of housework to do.

 

1. who something eat want?

2. come expect Jane I.

3. delighted hear I be the news.

4. have books some I read.

5. illness surprised hear I be his of.

6. nothing children the have do.

 

7. letters I write some have.

8. shopping some he do have.

9. nothing say have I.

10. lovely see it again you be.

 

‘To-infinitive’ is used in the constructions with “too” and “enough”:

e.g. She is too tired to go out. (too + adjective/adverb – negative meaning)

e.g. He is rich enough to afford a yacht. (adjective/adverb + enough – positive meaning)

e.g. He’s got enough patience to be a teacher. (enough + noun)

 

7. Complete the text using ‘too’ or ‘enough’: 111

Gary is leaving school this year but he doesn't know what he wants to do. He isn't motivated 1) enough to go to university. He'd quite like to be an engineer but he thinks it would be 2) ________ difficult. His father wants him to work in the family shop but

that's not exciting 3) ________ for Gary. He hasn't got 4) _______ patience to sit in a

 

shop all day. He wants to travel, so the navy seems to be a good idea, although the rules are a bit 5) ________ strict. Someone suggested driving a taxi but the hours are 6)

________ long and he wouldn't earn 7) _______ money. There really is nothing that

 

interests him 8) ________.

 

‘To-infinitive” is used after question words (what, how, where etc.) except why: e.g. Have you decided where to go for your holidays?

 

8. Complete each sentence using what/how/whether + one of these verbs:

 

doget go     ridesay    use

 

1. Do you know how to get to John’s house?

2. Can you show me ______ ______ this washing machine?

3. Would you know ______ ______ if there was a fire in the building?

4. You'll never forget ______ ______ a bicycle once you have learned.

 

5. I was really astonished. I didn't know ______ ______.

6. I've been invited to the party but I don't know ______ ______ or not.

 

‘To-infinitive’ is used after the first / the second / the third, etc. and also after the next, the last, the only: e.g. Everybody was late except me. I was the only one to arrive on time.

 

9. Complete the second sentence using the words in brackets + to-infinitive:

 

1. Nobody left before me. (the first) I was the first person to leave.

 

2. Everybody else arrived before Paul. (the last) Paul was the __________.

3. Fiona passed the exam. All the other students failed. (the only) Fiona was

________________.

 

4. I complained to the restaurant manager about the service. Another customer had already complained before me. (the second) I was ________________.

 

5. Neil Armstrong walked on the moon in 1969. Nobody had done this before him. (the first) Neil Armstrong was ________________________________.

 

The infinitive without “to” is used:

 

· after modal verbs: e.g. You must be back at 12 o’clock.

· after had better / would rather: e.g. I’d rather go to the theatre.

 

· after make / let / see / hear / feel + object in the active voice: e.g. Mum let me watch TV. I made him

apologise. Butin the passive form ‘to-infinitive’is used: e.g. He was made to apologise.

 

· after “ Why not …?”: e.g. Why not phone me tomorrow?

 

112

10. Rewrite the sentences, using the words given in brackets:

 

e.g. He arrived early. (I saw) – I saw him arrive early.

 

1. I didn't want to stay at home. (They made me)

2. She got out of the car. (We watched)

3. They allowed me to telephone my lawyer. (They let)

 

4. They left at eleven o'clock. (I heard)

5. The policeman told me to empty my pockets. (The policeman made)

6. The dog jumped through the window. (I saw)

7. Maybe the school will ask me to pay extra. (Do you think the school will make)

8. The animal moved. I felt it. (I felt the)

9. I want to leave the country. (Do you think the government will let)

 

11. Change the sentences as shown using either full or bare infinitives:

 

e.g. I couldn't understand the timetable. (wasn't able) – I wasn't able to understand the timetable.

 

1. It's important to eat enough. (You should)

 

2. I'd like to go sailing this summer. (I might)

3. She will probably get married in June. (She expects)

4. I said I would help her. (I agreed)

5. It's necessary to make careful plans. (We must)

6. Perhaps he's ill. (He seems)

7. I want to change my job. (I wish I could)

 

8. I may come and see you next week. (I hope)

9. You don't need to apologise. (You needn't)

10. They will open a new branch in North London. (They have decided)

 

The perfect infinitive is used:

 

· in the third type of the conditional sentences: e.g. If he had phoned, I would have met him at the airport.

 

· with the modal verbs in the past: e.g. Who could have told him the news?

 

· after verbs such as want, expect, hope as a future perfect: e.g. I hope to have finished this by Christmas.

 

· after certain adjectives, as a past: e.g. I was disappointed to have missed him.

 

12. Rewrite these sentences using perfect infinitives:

 

e.g. I'm glad I've met you. – I’m glad to have met you.

 

1. I was sorry I had disturbed him.

 

2. I expect I'll have passed all my exams by June.

3. It seems that you made a mistake. (You seem...)

 

113

4. I'm happy that I've had a chance to talk to you.

 

5. I was disappointed that I had missed the party.

6. It seems that she's got lost.

7. She was pleased that she had found the house.

 

13. Rewrite the sentences as shown:

 

e.g. She didn't marry a friend of her parents (was to) – She was to have married a friend of her parents.

 

1. I didn't see his face when he realised what had happened. (would like to)

2. He didn't finish all his work by three o'clock. (mean)

3. We didn't spend a week skiing. (were to)

 

4. It wasn't the happiest week of my life. (was to)

5. She didn't say goodbye to everybody before she left. (mean)

6. I didn't live in the seventeenth century. (would like)

7. He didn't play in the Cup Final. (was to)

 

We can use “to” for the infinitive of a repeated verb if the meaning is clear: e.g. “Are you moving?” “We hope to. ” (= We hope to move.) “Come and dance!” “I don’t want to. ”

 

14. Put the beginnings and ends together:

 

BEGINNINGS

1. 'Ann really upset Granny.'

2. 'Are you enjoying your new job?’

3. 'Can I see you home?'

4. 'Can you mend this by Tuesday?'

 

5. 'Did you get my coat from the cleaner's?'

 

6. 'Do you collect stamps?'

 

7. 'Do you think he knows what he's doing?'

 

8. 'Do you want to come out with us tonight?'

 

9. 'Does she think she'll win?'

 

10. 'How would you and Sue like to spend the weekend with us?'

 

11. 'I think you ought to see the police about the people next door.'

 

12. 'Shall we go swimming?'

 

13. 'Should we book seats in advance?'

14. We'd like to move to a bigger house,

 

 

ENDS

a) but we can't afford to.

b) 'He seems to.'

c) 'I don't really want to - it's too cold.'

 

d) 'I intend to. They can't go on keeping the whole street awake every night.'

 

e) 'I'd like to, but I'm working late.'

f) I’ll try to, but I can't promise.'

g) 'I'm sure she didn't mean to.'

h) 'If you'd like to.'

i) 'No, but I used to.'

 

j) 'Sorry, I forgot to.'

 

k) 'We don't need to - there's always plenty of room.'

l) 'We'd love to.'

m) 'Well, I m starting to.

n) 'Yes, she expects to.'

 

 

 

114

The subject of the infinitive or of the –ing form is omitted when it is the same as the subject of the main verb: e.g. They want to buy a new house.

 

When the subject of the infinitive or of the –ing form is different from the subject of the main verb, then an object pronoun (me, him, her, us) or a noun is placed before the non-finite form: e.g. I want him to leave now.

 

15. Rephrase the following as in the example:

 

e.g. I must go to the gym to keep fit. – I want to go to the gym to keep fit.

 

1. He must eat less. – I want _________________________

2. They must tell her the truth. – I want ____________________

 

3. You must change your clothes. They're wet. – I want _________________

4. She must get up early. – I want ________________________

5. I must learn to type. – He wants _________________________

6. She mustn't speak rudely. – I don't want        _________________

7. She must stay in bed for a week. – The doctor wants ______________

8. They must leave early. – They want _____________________

9. They must apologise. – I want _______________________

 

The “Subject-with-the Infinitive” construction:

 

The verbs believe, expect, feel, hope, know, report, say, think etc. can be used in the following passive pattern:

 

e.g. People say she is rich. → Subject (person) + passive + to-infinitive → She is said to be rich.

 

Gerund or infinitive?

 

Verbs taking “to-infinitive” or the gerund without a change in meaning:

 

begin, start, continue + to-inf. or the	e.g. She began dancing/to dance. But: It's
gerund. However, we never have two -ing	beginning to get cold.
forms together.	Not:	It's b	e	ginning g	e	tting cold	.
advise, allow, permit,  recommend,	e.g. He doesn't allow us to smoke here.
encourage when followed by an object or in	They aren't allowed to smoke here.
passive form take a ‘to-infinitive’. They take	They don't allow smoking here.
the -ing form when not followed by an
object.
it needs/it requires/it wants + -ing form "It	e.g. The house needs/requires/wants
needs" can also be followed by a passive	painting.
infinitive.	The car needs repairing/to be repaired.

 

1. Put the verb in the right form: -ing or infinitive (with or without “to”):

 

1. She doesn't allow ______ in the house. (smoke)

2. I've never been to Iceland but I'd like ______ there (go)

 

115

3. I'm in a difficult position. What do you advise me ______? (do)

 

4. She said the letter was personal and wouldn't let me ______ it. (read)

5. We were kept at the police station for two hours and then we were allowed

______. (go)

6. Where would you recommend me ______ for my holidays? (go)

7. I wouldn't recommend ______ in that restaurant. The food is awful. (eat)

8. The film was very sad. It made me ______. (cry)

 

9. Carol's parents always encouraged her ______ hard at school. (study)

 

2. Fill in the infinitive or -ing form:

 

The rules in my new school are very strict. The teachers don't allow 1. talking (talk) in class at all. We are only permitted 2. ______ (speak) if they ask us a question. On the first

 

day, the headmaster advised us all 3. ______ (work) very hard. In fact, he recommended 4.

 

______ (study) for at least four hours every evening! We are not allowed 5. ______ (leave)

 

the school at lunchtime but we are encouraged 6. ______ (join) one of the school clubs. Next

 

week I'm starting chess.

 

Verbs taking “to-infinitive” or the gerund with a change in meaning:

 

1. FORGET + to-inf = not remember: e.g. I'm sorry, I forgot to buy milk.

FORGET + ing form = forget a past event: e. g. He'll never forget flying over the Alps.

 

2. REMEMBER + to-inf = remember to do smth: e.g. Remember to turn off the cooker beforeleaving.

 

REMEMBER + -ing form = recall a past event: e.g. I don't remember staying in this hotelbefore.

 

3. GO ON + to-inf = finish doing smth. and start doing smth. else: e.g. After finishing the report,she went on to type some letters.

 

GO ON + -ing form = continue: e.g. She went on talking for hours.

4. MEAN + to-inf = intend to: e.g. He means to find a job abroad.

MEAN + -ing form = involve: e.g. Finding a job means attending many interviews.

 

5. REGRET + to-inf = be sorry to: e.g. I regret to tell you that there is no money left in youraccount.

 

REGRET + -ing form = have second thoughts about smth one has already done: e.g. I regretbuying/having bought this dress; it doesn't look nice on me.

 

6. TRY + to-inf = do one's best, attempt: e.g. The firemen are trying to put out the fire.

 

TRY + -ing form = do smth. as an experiment: e.g. Why don't you try adding some sugar tothe sauce? It might taste better.

 

7. WANT + to-inf = wish: e.g. I want to spend my holidays in Spain.

WANT + -ing form = need smth. done: e.g. This room wants painting again.

 

8. STOP + to-inf = pause temporarily: e.g. She stopped to get some petrol before continuing onher journey to Leeds.

 

STOP + -ing form = finish; end: e.g. Stop talking, please!

9. BE SORRY + to-inf = regret: e.g. I'm sorry to hear they fired him.

BE SORRY + -ing form = apologise: e.g. I'm sorry for being/having been unfair to you.

 

10. BE AFRAID + to-inf (the subject is too frightened to do smth.): e.g. I'm afraid to climb upthat tree. (I don't want to do it.)

 

116

BE AFRAID OF + -ing form (the subject is afraid that what is described by the -ing formmay happen): e.g. She won't climb up the tree; she is afraid of falling. (She is afraid because she might fall.)

 

11. LIKE / DISLIKE / LOVE / HATE + to-inf. = Describes a regular activity: e.g. I like to gofor a run before work. (I like it because I think it's a good idea. I may or may not enjoy theactivity while I am actually doing it.)

LIKE / DISLIKE / LOVE / HATE + -ing form = e.g. I like going for a run before work. (Ienjoy the activity of going for a run before work. I may or may not do it regularly.)

12. HATE + to-inf. = hate what one is about to do: e.g. I hate to interrupt, but I must talk to you.

 

HATE + -ing form = feel sorry for what one is doing: e.g. I hate making you feeluncomfortable.

 

13. PREFER

e.g. I don't go out much. I prefer to stay at home in the evenings.

 

e.g. I don't go out much. I prefer staying at home in the evenings. (The meaning of these two sentences is very similar.)

 

e.g. I prefer staying in to going out. (We cannot say: I prefer to stay in to go out.)

 

e.g. I'd prefer to stay in tonight (rather) than go to the party. (Would prefer is followed by the infinitive and refers to a specific occasion. NOT: I'd prefer staying in tonight.)

 

3. Fill in the gaps with the verbs in brackets in the infinitive or the -ing form:

 

e.g. Remember to go (go) to the bank. You've got to pay the bills.

 

1. I don't remember ______ (see) this film before.

2. When he had written his first book he went on ______ (write) seven more.

3. She went on ______ (talk) even after her friend had fallen asleep.

 

4. I regret ______ (leave) school at the age of 16.

5. I regret ______ (tell) you that you have failed the test.

6. He means ______ (build) a boat and travel round the world.

7. Doing well on this course means ______ (study) very hard.

8. I've been trying ______ (start) this car for hours.

9. Why don't you try ______ (put) some petrol in the tank?

10. I don't want to drive a car; I'm afraid of ______ (have) an accident.

 

4. Put the verb into the correct form, -ing or to-infinitive:

 

1. a) I was very tired. I tried ______ (keep) my eyes open but I couldn't.

 

b) I rang the doorbell but there was no answer. Then I tried ______ (knock) on the door, but there was still no answer.

 

c) We tried ______ (put) the fire out but we were unsuccessful. We had to call the fire brigade.

 

d) Sue needed to borrow some money. She tried ______ (ask) Gerry but he was short of money too.

 

e) I tried ______ (reach) the shelf but I wasn't tall enough.

f) Please leave me alone. I'm trying ______ (concentrate).

 

2. a) I need a change. I need ______ (go) away for a while.

 

b) She isn't able to look after herself. She needs ______ (look) after. 117

c) The windows are dirty. They need ______ (clean).

 

d) Why are you leaving now? You don't need ______ (go) yet, do you?

e) You don't need ______ (iron) that shirt. It doesn't need ______ (iron).

3. a) They were talking very loudly. I couldn't help _____ (overhear) them.

b) Can you help me ______ (get) the dinner ready?

c) He looks so funny. Whenever I see him, I can't help ______ (smile).

d) The fine weather helped ______ (make) it a very enjoyable holiday.

 

Participle

 

The participle is a non-finite form of the verb which has a verbal and an adjectival or an adverbial character.

 

There are two participles in English – Participle I (Present Participle) and Participle II (Past Participle).

 

Present Participle

 

Verbs of perception (see, notice, look at, watch, feel, hear, listen to) can be followed by Participle I or the bare infinitive. The verb “ smell ” can only be followed by Participle I.

 

· the use of the bare infinitive describes the complete action: e.g. I watched her play tennis. (I saw the whole game)

 

· the use of Participle I describes the action in progress or incomplete action: e.g. I watched her playing tennis. (I saw the game in progress. I did not see the whole game.)

 

1. Put the verbs in brackets into the –ing form or the bare infinitive:

 

Last night I heard car brakes 1. screeching (screech) and people 2. ______ (shout) in

the street. When I looked out of the window I saw a crowd of about twenty people 3.

 

______ (stand) around a young boy 4. ______ (lie) in the street. Next, I saw the driver

of the car 5. ______ (approach) the crowd and 6. ______ (kneel down) by the boy, he

was 7. ______ (look) very anxious. 8. ______ (watch) the drama from my window, I

 

began 9. ______ (consider) the boy's family. Then a few minutes later, I saw a young

woman 10. ______ (run) towards the scene and 11. ______ (push) her way

through the crowd. Soon, I heard an ambulance siren 12. ______ (scream) in the

 

distance, 13. ______ (get) closer and closer. Then I saw the ambulance stop in front of

 

my house. I watched the ambulance men 14. ______ (get out) and 15. ______ (run) to

the injured boy. Minutes later I saw them 16. ______ (run back) to their ambulance

with the boy on a stretcher followed by his mother.

 

2. Complete the answers to the questions:

 

1. Did anybody go out? – I don't think so. I didn't see anybody go out.

2. Has Jill arrived yet? – Yes, I think I heard her ____________.

3. How do you know I took the money? – I know because I saw you ______.

 

4. Did the doorbell ring? – I'm not sure. I didn't hear ________________.

5. Can Tom play the piano? – I've never heard ___________________.

 

118

6. Did I lock the door when I went out? – Yes, you did. I saw ___________.

 

7. How did the woman fall in the river? – I don't know. I didn't see ______.

 

When two things happen at the same time, you can use the ing-clause for one of the verbs. The main clause usually comes first: e.g. I’ve just seen Carol. She is in the bar having a drink. (= She is in the bar and she is having a drink.)

 

We also use the ing-clause for the longer action: e.g. Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis.

 

When one action happens before another action, we use ‘ having done ’ for the first action: e.g. Havingfound a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.

 

You can use the ing-clause to explain something: e.g. Feeling tired I went to bed early. (= because I felt tired.)

 

3. Join a sentence from A with one from B to make one sentence. Use the ing-clause:

 

A:	B:
Carol was in the bar.	She was feeling very tired.
Emma was sitting in an armchair.	She looked at the sights and took
Sue got home late.	photographs.
Sarah went out.	She said she would be back in an
Linda was in London for two years.	hour.
Mary walked round the town.	She was reading a book.
	She was having a drink.
	She worked as a tourist guide.

 

e.g. Carol was in the bar having a drink.

 

4. Make one sentence from two using the –ing form:

 

1. Jim was playing tennis. He hurt his arm. Jim hurt his arm playing tennis.

2. I was watching television. I fell asleep. I __________________________.

3. The man slipped. He was getting off a bus. The man ____________________.

4. I was walking home in the rain. I got wet. I __________________________.

 

5. Margaret was driving to work yesterday. She had an accident._____________________

 

6. Two firemen were overcome by smoke. They were trying to put out the fire.

______________________________

 

5. Make sentences beginning with Having ...:

 

1. She finished her work. Then she went home. ‒ Having finished her work, she wenthome.

 

2. We bought our tickets. Then we went into the theatre.

3. They continued their journey after they'd had dinner.

4. After Lucy had done all her shopping, she went for a cup of coffee.

 

119

6. Make sentences beginning with -ing or not + -ing. Sometimes you need to begin with Having (done something):

 

1. I felt tired. So I went to bed early. – Feeling tired I went to bed early.

2. I thought they might be hungry. So I offered them something to eat.

3. She is a foreigner. So she needs a visa to stay in this country.

4. I didn't know his address. So I wasn't able to contact him.

 

5. Sarah has travelled a lot. So she knows a lot about other countries.

6. The man wasn't able to understand English. So he didn't know what I wanted.

7. We had spent nearly all our money. So we couldn't afford to stay in a hotel.

 

Past Participle

 

NOTE: Present Participles describe what something or somebody is: e.g. Ted is an interesting person. (What kind of person? Interesting.)

 

Past Participles describe how someone feels: e.g. Mary is interested in English literature. (How doesshe feel about English literature? Interested.)

 

1. Fill in the correct participle:

 

Paul: You must be very 1) excited (excite). Paris is a 2) _____ (fascinate) city. There

are so many 3) _____ (interest) things to do. You won't be 4) _____ (bore).

Jane: Well, I'm a bit 5) _____ (worry) because I can't speak French very well.

Paul: You should buy a phrase book and then you won't be 6) _____ (embarrass) if

 

someone speaks to you. They won't be 7) _____ (annoy) if you make a mistake, and

most people will be 8) _____ (please) if you ask for something in French.

Jane: I'm sure they'll find my accent very 9) _____ (amuse).

Paul: Don't be silly. I'm sure you'll have a very 10) _____ (stimulate) holiday.

 

2. Complete the words:

1. I was surpris___ to see Ann there.

2. It was surpris___ to see her.

3. I find this work very tir___.

4. It makes me tir___.

5. Her exam results were disappoint____.

6. She was pretty disappoint___.

 

7. She was excit___ about her new job.

8. It was an excit___ new challenge.

9. We were shock___ to hear about your brother.

10. The news was really shock___.

 

3. What are the people interested in? Make sentences.

 

e.g. An astronomer is interested in the stars.

 

120

Astronomer		, botanist, cook, doctor,		Animals, clothes, food, languages,
explorer,	geographer,		historian,	medicine, plants, the past,	the stars	,
linguist,	mathematician,		fashion	travel, numbers, places
designer, zoologist

 

4. Open the brackets using the correct form of the participle:

 

1. a) Scientists ______ (to deal) with the problems of pollution insist on its being exactly assessed. b) The problem of pollution in industrial areas ______ (to deal) with in this paper is one of the most important for modern science.

 

2. a) People ______ (to use) force when it is not necessary cannot be justified. b) Electronic computers ______ (to use) in the research saved the scientists a lot of time.

 

3. a) Drought ______ (to follow) by famine had a disastrous effect on the economy of the country. b) The discovery of the synthetic penicillin ______ (to follow) the original discovery by A. Plemming, was аlsо made in Britain.

 

4. a) ______ (To carry out) numerous experiments and tests, the scientists tried to prove the original hypothesis. b) The experiments ______ (to carry out) by a team of young scientists led to sensational results.

 

5. a) The architect didn't like this design ______ (to involve) him in a lot of extra work. b) He enjoyed the travelling ______ (to involve) in his new job.

 

“ Have something done ” is used to describe an action which I arrange but do not do myself:

 

e.g. Jim arranged for the plumber to fix the tap. Jim had the tap fixed. (He didn’t do it himself – the plumber did it.)

 

Note the word order. The object goes before the past participle – there is a difference between:

e.g. He had his car cleaned. and He had cleaned his car.

 

5. Rewrite these sentences using have + object + past participle and changing some words if necessary:

 

1. Someone delivers the newspapers. (We) We have the newspapers delivered.

 

2. Someone cleaned the carpets every year. (I) I had the carpets cleaned every year.

 

3. Their house needs painting. (They're going to) They're going to have their housepainted.

 

4. We ask someone to check the accounts every month. (We)

5. Someone sends the money to my bank account in London. (I)

6. My stereo isn't working properly. It needs cleaning. (I'm going to)

7. My camera's being repaired at the moment. (I'm)

 

8. He spilt coffee on my jacket so he took it away for cleaning. (He spilt coffee on my jacket so he)

 

9. I think it's time to service the car. (It's time to)

10. I don't like the office curtains. It's time to change them. (I think I'll)

11. There's something wrong with the typewriter. It needs repairing. (I think I'll)

 

121

12. We couldn't go to Jack's flat: it was being painted. (We couldn't go to Jack's flat: he)

 

13. The computer's no good: we're changing it. (We)

14. I send the films to England: they are processed there. (I)

 

15. I didn't want to eat in the hotel dining-room, so I asked them to send a meal up to my room. (I didn't want to eat in the hotel dining-room, so I)

 

6. Rewrite the words underlined using have + object + past participle:

1. There's a photographer over there. Why don't we ask her to take our picture? –

 

Why don't we have our picture taken?

 

2. I've finally decided to arrange for someone to pierce my nose. – I've finallydecided to have my nose pierced.

 

3. There's a leak in the roof. We should arrange for someone to repair it.

4. What time is it? I'm afraid someone hasn't repaired my watch yet.

5. Someone is going to redecorate the kitchen for us next month.

6. If I were you, I'd ask someone to fell that tree. It shuts out all the light.

 

7. I'm having a bit of trouble with my eyes at the moment so someone's going to testthem next week.

 

8. I love someone massaging my shoulders.

 

9. The dentist hasn't checked my teeth this year.

10. The baby was crying because someone was washing her hair.

11. He looks much younger. I think someone's dyed his hair.

 

12. I don't know if I've passed the course because the tutors haven't marked all mywork yet.

 

13. That wasps' nest is dangerous. You must ask someone to remove it.