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Liverpool accent has a great popularity now (because of association with the Beatles)
The advanced RP mostly reflects typical changes in pronunciation. Some of its features may be results of temporary fashion, but some of them are adopt as a norm.
RP is considered to be teaching norm in many countries, including Russia because of: 1) The degree of understandability of RP 2) The extend of RP investigation 3) The number of textbooks and audio-visual aids 4) The fact that RP is compared with the pronunciation of the language and described in text books.
When we speak that RP is regionless we cannot tell from which area of Britain the speaker comes from. All the English-speaking nations have their own standard of pronunciation, which may have educated regional and uneducated local types of pronunciation.
Cockney accent (uneducated English people accent)
It is the speech of working class areas. The brightest example – the film “My fair lady”. Vowels: 1) [ Ã ] ® [ Q i] Blood - [blÃd]®[blQid] 2) [ Q ] ® [ Î ] or [ Î i] Bag – [bQg]®[bÎg] or [bÎig] 3) [i] in the final position sounds as [i:] City – [siti] ®[siti:] 4) [ :] in the final position sounds as [ : ə ] Paw - [p:] ® [p:ə] 5) [ei] ® [ Q i] or [ α i] Lady - [leidi] ® [lQidi:] or [lαidi:] 6) [ Î U ] ® [ Q U ] Note - [nÎUt] ® [nQUt] 7) [ α U ] ® [ Q ə ] Now - [nαU] ® [nQə] Consonants: 1) The contrast between [ T ] and [f] is lost Thin – [Tin] ®[fin] Booth - [bu:T] ®[bu:f] 2) [ D ] ® [v] Weather – [weDə] ® [wevə] 3) [ D ] in the beginning is dropped (исчезает) or turns into [d] This – [Dis] ® [is] or [dis] 4) [ N ] ® [n] or [ink] in the word final position Dancing - [dα:nsiN]® [dα:nsin] Something – [sÃmTiN] ® [sÃmfink] Nothing - [nÃTiN] ® [nÃfink] 5) [p, t, k] are heavily aspirated
Actually they may be distinguished the cultivated region types. So in the British Isles there are 3 main types: 1) Southern English Pronunciation (RP) 2) Northern English Pronunciation (between Birghminham and border of Scotland) 3) The standard Scottish pronunciation
So the influence of Scotch accent is very noticeable. By the way, northern type of English Pronunciation represents the earlier type.
Newcastle accent differs in the following: 1) [ Ã ] ® [ U ] Love - [lÃv]®[lUv] Cup - [kÃp]®[kUp] Much 2) [i] ® [i:] City - [siti]®[siti:] 3) [ α: ] ® [ Q ] Dance - [dα:ns] ® [dQns] Chance Answer Aunt 4) [ei] ® [e:] Plate - [pleit] ® [ple:t] May - [mei] ® [me:] Take - [teik] ® [te:k] 5) Words that have “al” in spelling ® [ α:] Talk - [tα:k] Call - [kα:l] All - [α:l] 6) [ Î:] ® [ :] First - [fÎ:st]®[f:st] first – forced become homonyms Shirt - [SÎ:t]®[ S:t] shirt – short (омонимы) 7) [ α U ] ® [ U ] About - [ebαUt] ® [ebUt] 8) [ Q ] ® [ α ] Back - [bQk] ® [bαk] Bad - [bQd] ® [bαd] Man - [mQn] ® [mαn]
Consonants: 1) “ing” ® [in] Shilling – [SiliN] ® [Silin] Dancing - [dα:nsiN] ® [dQnsin] 2) [p, t, k] between vowels are accompanied by glottal stops Pity – [piti] ® [pit/i:]
Standard Scottish pronunciation Some linguists say it’s just a dialect, but some say it is a national variant. Educated people speak a form of Scottish English although with an obvious Scottish accent. Non-standard dialects of Scotland are radically different from other varieties.
The most important differences concerning vowels: · Monophtonges followed by “r” sound are pronounced instead of diphthongs. Here – [hir] Beer – [bir] Beard – [bird] Poor – [pu:r] · [ Q ] instead of [ α ] Glass – [glQs] Ask – [Qsk] After – [Qftə] · [ α ] instead of [ Q ] Bad – [bαd] Man – [mαn] · [ ] and [ Î U ] sometimes are not distinguished Not – [nQt] become homonyms Note - [nQt] (омонимы) · Length is not a distinguish feature Pool – [pu:l] Pull – [pul] Cot – [ct] Caught – [c:t] All of them are pronounced identically
Consonants: · Cluster (сцепление звуков) is used with initial diagraph (диграф) “wh” ® [hw] Which [ w ] & [ hw ] = [ M ] (так обозначается) Are not identical Which – witch · Rolled, trilled (раскатистая; Russian type) [r] is used instead of [r] in all positions More Beer Born Price · Dark [ ] (l) is used (Л всегда твёрдая) · Initial [p,t,k] are usually non-aspirated] · [ Х ] (русская Х) is used in Loch – [lQх] Caught – [kQxt]
Shilling Dancing
Through ® [[Sru:]
Of all the 3 types of English Pronunciation in the British Isles the literature standard language may have differences which are manifested in the pronunciation of … typical and local dialects. Лекция 4 To weaken – слабеть To omit – опускать To vocalize – произносить звонко, озвончать Resemblance – сходство To involve – затрагивать Distribution – распределение Intervocalic – согласный между двумя гласными
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