Find these components in the abstracts below:

Example1:

Perfection of transport systems of urban transportations

Development and perfection of urban transportation transport systems has been considered. Basic directions of research and improvement of industrial vehicle have been highlighted.

 

 

Example 2:

Toothed links coupling characteristics estimation

Estimation method of the toothed links coupling at the stage of planning has been developed. A transmission with evolvent gears, inner gearing and longitudinal modification of teeth has been analyzed. A mathematical model of the tooth evolvent surface has been created using the matrices of coordinate transformation.

 

Example 3:

Improving design and technological reliability of electrical tool manufacturing

The issues of  developing technological process of electric tool manufacturing have been investigated. Combined algorithm to improve design-technological reliability has been proposed.

 

Example 4:

On the application of Delcam software in parts machining

Analysis of software products used in machine parts manufacturing has been conducted. The algorithm of 3D part models creation using                   Delcam Power Shape software product has been proposed. The control program for treatment of parts on a NC milling machine has been developed.

 

2.Classify the phrases given below into two groups:

ü introducing the subject of the study;

ü considering the results obtained

1.The mechanism of … has been fully confirmed; 2.Research into … has been done; 3.These data favor the assumption that …; 4. The parameters of … has been presented; 5.The results obtained suggest an alternative mechanism of …; 6. Evidence for … was provided; 7.  The values of … were estimated; 8.The components of … are examined; 9.The validity of … has been established; 10.The consistency of the assumption of … has been tested; 11.A series of experiments on … were performed; 12.The idea of … has been further supported; 13.The function of … has been considered; 14.The phenomenon of … has been discussed.

 

Read  the following abstracts. State what grammatical structures are characteristic for scientific abstracts:

                                          

The paper deals with computers. Types of computers and input data have been described. Special emphasis has been laid on the advantages of the computer use.

 

 New directions in metal processing by explosion has been explained and partially grounded quantitatively. The preference has been given to physical phenomenon observance on the micro- and nano-levels for developing tool modified materials.

 

4.Make up sentences  using the structures given below. Use the model:

Model: Subject matter related to the influence of cutting temperatures on wear of high-speed steel tools has been considered.

The results of the theoretical      Приводятся результаты

(experimental)  study of …          теоретического (эксперименталь-

has been resented.                  ного) исследования …                                    

                                                 Наводяться результати теоретичног о

                                                 (експериментального) дослідження..

                       

It has been shown that…        Показано, что …    

                                                 Показано,що…

A theoretical dependence of …   Сформулирована теоретическая

vs … has been formulated.           зависимость … от…   

                                                      Сформульована теоретична

                                                      залежність …. від …

 

Recommendations for …            Приведены рекомендации по … 

have been presented.                     Наведені рекомендації щодо… 

Conclusions regarding …              Сделаны выводы о том, что … 

were made.                                     Зроблені висновки щодо …

 

The role of … in …                            В данной статье рассматривается 

has been discussed.                              роль …

                                                         В наданій статті розглядається

                                                        роль …

 

Subject matter related to …           Обсуждаются вопросы, относя-   

has been considered.                           щиеся   к …

                                                        Обговорюються питання маючі

                                                        відношення до … 

 

The factors considered include … Рассмотрено влияние таких

                                                        факторов, как …

                                                        Розглядається вплив таких

                                                        чинників як…

 

5.Write an abstract of your paper. Use the phrases: