Read the following passage carefully:

ЗбХЭ ЗбЛЗбЛ ЗбЛЗджн

Unit 5

 

 

2021 – 2020

 

Unit 5

Definitions:

Balance КжЗТд	is when two equal гКУЗжнЙ  things are treated as though they are equally important Ъбн дЭУ ЗбЮПС гд ЗбГегнЙ
Suffer нЪЗдн	have an illness or health problem
stressful ЦЗЫШ /гхМецП	making you worried and unable to relax
take (days) off нНХб Ъбн ГМЗТЙ гд ЗбЪгб	not go to work for a period of time
Limit (v) нхНцП гд	keep something less than a particular amount ЮПС гЪнд
Lack ндЮХе	when you do not have enough of something
Accounts НУЗИЗК	a record УМцб of the money that a company or person has received and spent
Deadline гжЪП деЗЖн	a date or time by which you must finish something
Client Ъгнб	someone who pays a person or organization for services or advice
freelance ЮЗЖг ИЪгб НС Зж гУКЮб	working independently нЪгб ИФЯб гУКЮб for several different organizations
organization гхдЩгЙ	a group of people with a particular purpose ЫСЦ гЪнд  such as a business
take on нКжбн гУЖжбнЙ	start being responsible for
sociable ЗМКгЗЪн	friendly and likes to be with other people
Regular гдКЩг	repeated, normal or usual
separate нЭХб / нхЭСцЮ	to divide нхЮшУцг into two or more parts
stress ЦЫШ/ЗМеЗП	a continuous feeling ФЪжС гУКгС of worry about work or your personal life that stops you from relaxing
task гегЙ /гГгжСнЙ	a piece of work that someone has to do

More Vocabulary:

accounts	НУЗИЗК	freelance	НС \ гУКЮб
advantages	гТЗнЗ	organisation	гдЩгЙ
regular	гдКЩг	disadvantages	ЪнжИ
deadline	гжЪП деЗЖн	guess	нОгд\КОгнд
take on	нКжбн гУЖжбнЙ /нхЪнцд	clients	ЪгбЗБ
sociable	ЗМКгЗЪн	title	ЪджЗд \ бЮИ
amazing	гПеФ	Separate (v./adj.)	нЭХб\гдЭХб
stress	ЗбЦЫжШ	tasks	геЗг
balance	КжЗТд / нхжЗТд	work life	НнЗЙ ЗбЪгб
article	гЮЗб	equal	гКУЗж
equality	гУЗжЗЙ	treat	нЪЗгб \ нЪЗбМ
treatment	ЪбЗМ\гЪЗгбЙ	relax	нУКСнН\нСжН Ъд дЭУе \ нУКСОн
relaxation	ЗУКСОЗБ\КСжнН Ъд ЗбдЭУ	period of time	ЭКСЙ гд ЗбжЮК
flexible	гСцд	athletes	СнЗЦнжд
Laugh (v./n.)	нЦНЯ\ЦНЯЙ	laughter	ЗбЦНЯ
improve	нНУд \нКНУд	improvement	КНУд\КНУнд
do a sport	нгЗСУ СнЗЦЙ	cost nothing	бЗКЯбЭ ФнЖЗ\гМЗднЙ
do a job	нЮжг ИЪгб	feel calm	неПГ
feel better	нФЪС ИКНУд	qualities	ХЭЗК
admire	нхЪМИ ИЬ	admiration	ЗЪМЗИ
admirable	гЛнС ббЗЪМЗИ	mainly	ИФЯб ЗУЗУн
nationality	МдУнЙ	occupation=situation	гедЙ\жЩнЭЙ
purpose	ЫСЦ	service	ОПгЙ
repeated	гКЯСС	normal	ЪЗПн
usual	гЪКЗП	ladder	Ухбг
stadium	ЗбЗУКЗП	powerful	Южн
firefighters	СМЗб ЗбЗШЭЗБ	spectators	ЗбгКЭСМжд
recipe	жХЭЙ ЗЪПЗП ШЪЗг	dependence	ЗЪКгЗП
independence	ЗУКЮбЗб	repetition	КЯСЗС
narrator	СЗжн	narrate	нСжн (ЮХЙ/НЯЗнЙ)
separable	ЮИб ббЕдЭХЗб	realistic	жЗЮЪн
suppose	нЭКСЦ	A full-time job	жЩнЭЙ ИПжЗг ЯЗгб
vacancy	жЩнЭЙ ФЗЫСЙ (ОЗбнЙ)	A part-time job	жЩнЭЙ бМТБ гд ЗбжЮК
salary	гСКИ	wages	ЗМжС
occupational	гедн	relieve	нОЭЭ
overgrazing	ЗбСЪн ЗбМЗЖС	Immune system	МеЗТ ЗбгдЗЪЙ
Specialized agencies	жЯЗбЗК гКОХХЙ	Combat/fight poverty	нНЗСИ/нЯЗЭН ЗбЭЮС
empathy	гФЗСЯЙ жМПЗднЙ/КЪЗШхЭ	mutual	гхКИЗПб

The Listening Tex

 

Narrator: 1

Speaker 1: I’m a freelance writer. I have just had my first child, so I’m toobusytogo to work every day. What I like about freelance work is that you can choose how much work you want to do. Before my son was born, I worked very hard. Sometimes I worked so hard that I had to work until late at night. Now, I’m only doing a few hours of work a day. Later as my son gets older I’ll increase the amount of work that I do. The problem with being a freelance worker is that you don’t always get regular work. There are times when you can’t work hard enough to live comfortably. Also, it can be hard to make money and look after my family.

Narrator: 2

Speaker 2: When I was younger, I worked such long hours that I didn’t have any time to myself. The best thing about freelance work is that you can choose your working hours. When you don’t have to go to an office each day, you can manage your time. Because you’re working for yourself, you can make your own timetable. But of course it is very important that you gettheworkdoneon time. You must meet the deadlines.

Narrator: 3

Speaker 3: When I moved away from the city I was working in, I had to make a difficult decision: either to find a new job, or to carry on working for the same company, but freelance. I’m a book designer, so my job is one which can be done almost anywhere. All I need is a computer and the internet, and I can do my job wherever I want to. I need to travel to meetings, but I can take my work with me. When you’re a freelance worker, you can choose where you want to do your job.

Narrator: 4

Speaker 4: I’m a freelance project manager for a big organisation. I work on lots of different projects. The best thing about working freelance is that I can choose exactly which projects to take on. I find my own clients, so I usually look for the ones that provide the most interesting projects. The disadvantage of this is that you can’t always find new clients to work with when you are freelance. If you are working for an organisation, they find the clients for you.

Narrator: 5

Speaker 5: I’m a freelance accountant. I like my job, but it sometimes gets lonely working on your own. It is more sociable when you are working in an office. Also, freelance workers have to do their own accounts! For an accountant that’s not a problem, but I know other freelance workers who find doing their job and doing their accounts is too difficult for them to do on their own.

 

Finding a balance

A: separate work from home:

It is important for people to separate their work life from their home life. At the end of the work day, people should focus on the fact that this is also the end of that activity or task. Mothers and fathers both often need to work, but they have to balance their family and work. Parents who work should make sure that they spend enough quality time with their children.

B: Don't carry work around.

Many people find it difficult to get the balance right between their work and their free time. Modern technology means that some people can be atwork wherever they are. People can carry laptops and phones with them at all times, which means that they can read their e-mails even in their free time. This allows many people to have more flexible working hours or to work from home. The problem is that some companies find it so easy to contact people that they expect them to be available for work all the time. Even people who are relaxing at home may get an important call from work that they have to answer.

C: Take a break.

Although most workers enjoy what they do, people need rest as well. Some people work such long hours that they may suffer from stress. This can lead to a lack of sleep and feeling exhausted at work. People should remember that athletes who train foracompetition always takebreaks, so why should they not do the same from work? A break can also help to limit the number of days they need to takeoff because of illness.

D: Ask for help.

Everyone has times when work can be difficult. If you have a problem atwork, ask your manager for advice. He or she should be able to help you. This is often the best way out of stressful situations. It is part of a manager's job to help people with their problems.

Choose the correct answer:

1-Many people find it (easy – boring – difficult – strange) to get the balance right between their work and their free time.

2-Modern technology means that some people can be at work (whenever – wherever – whatever – whichever) they are.

3-Although most workers enjoy what they do, people need (family – money – food – rest) as well.

4-If you have a problem at work, your (manager – relatives – wife – cousin) can help you.

Answer the following questions:

5-What is the best way out of stressful situations?

6-What does the underlined word “ this ” refer to?

7-How does a break from work help people?

8-Find words in the passage which mean:

a) someone who is good at sports and who often does sports

b) to get pleasure from something

Word Study & Language Notes:

۩ КхУКОПг balance ИгЪЗдн гОКбЭЙ

§ balance (n.\v.) КжЗТд\ЗКТЗд\СХнП\нжЗТд

§ Get the balance right between …. and …нХб Збн/нНЮЮ ЗбКжЗТд ЗбУбнг Инд..ж..

·Many people find it difficult to get the balance right between their work and their free time.

·The current balance in your account is 2000 pounds.

§ keep his balance нНЗЭЩ Ъбн КжЗТде          

§ lose his balanceнЭЮП КжЗТде

balance…against … нжЗТд ФнБ гЮЗИб ВОС

§ You must balance the good points against the bad points and then make your decision.

Find \ achieve \ strike a balance between…and…нНЮЮ КжЗТд Инд..ж...

§ It is necessary to achieve a balancebetween the needs of employers and employees.

۩ бЗНЩ ЗУКОПЗг ЯбгЙ balance ЭнгЗ нбн

 

Account balance	СХнП ЗбНУЗИ	Balance of power	гнТЗд ЗбЮжн
Balance of trade	ЗбгнТЗд ЗбКМЗСн	Recover (his) balance	нУКЪнП КжЗТде
Knock (him) off balance	нхЭЮцПе КжЗТде	Keep/maintain a balance	нНЗЭЩ Ъбн ЗбКжЗТд
Upset the balance	нхОцб ИЗбКжЗТд	On balance	гЪ ГОР Яб ФнБ Эн ЗбЕЪКИЗС
The natural balance	ЗбКжЗТд ЗбШИнЪн	The ecological balance	ЗбКжЗТд ЗбИнЖн
The balance of nature	КжЗТд ЗбШИнЪЙ	A balanced diet	ЫРЗБ гКжЗТд

 

§ Limit (n) НП

· There was no limit to his ambition. ШхгжН

· We must putalimiton our spending.

 

§ Limit (v) нхНцП гд

· The hospital limits the number of visitors a patient can have.

 

§ Be limited to нЯжд ЮЗХС Ъбн

· The protests ЗбЗНКМЗМЗК were limited to New York.

 

§ Limitless бЗ НПжП бе 

· This new technology offers limitless opportunities.

*************

§ Account = description жХЭ

· He was too shocked to give anaccount of what had happened.

 

§ Account НУЗИ Эн ИдЯ

· I’ve opened anaccount with Barclay’s Bank.

                                 

§ Take into account = take into consideration нГОР Эн ЗбЕЪКИЗС

· We must take all the facts into account.

 

§ On account of = because of ИУИИ

• Games are often canceled on account of rain.

*************

§ Sociable ЗМКгЗЪн/гНИ ббЕОКбЗШ ИЗбВОСнд 

§ Social ЗМКгЗЪн/бе ЪбЗЮЙ ИЗбгМКгЪ

· Some children have more sociable personalities than others.

· In school, the children also learn social skills.

*************

§ Separate... from (V.) нЭХб/ндЭХб/

§ Separate (Adj.) гдЪТб/гКИЗЪП / гдЭХб

§ Separation (n) ЗдЭХЗб

· A large river separates the north of the city from the south.

· My brother and I always had separate rooms.

• The worst part of the divorce was the separation from his three children.

*************

۩ бЗНЩ ЗУКОПЗг НСЭ ЗбМС at  :

1-бКНПнП жЮК НПжЛ ФнБ

§ at night / at noon / at midday / at midnight / at dawn / at dusk / at seven o'clock / at the end of the week

2-бКНПнП гЯЗд жМжП ФОХ Гж ФнБ Гж гЯЗд НПжЛ ФнБ Гж гЯЗд ЗбЪгб жЗбПСЗУЙ:

§ at the corner of the street/ at home / at Ali's house / at the hospital / at Harvard University / at the bank/ at work

3-бКНПнП ЗбЪгС ЪдП жЮжЪ НПЛ гЪнд:

§ She got married at 25.                     § He left school at the age of 16.

*************

۩ КУКОПг In the end  ИгЪдн Finally жнбнеЗ МгбЙ

۩ КУКОПг At the end of  ИгЪдн Эн деЗнЙ.... жнбнеЗ ЯбгЙ КПб Ъбн жЮК Гж ФнБ

• We worked hard, and in the end, we achieved our goal.

• Put a full stop at the end of every sentence.

• I pay the electricity bill ЭЗКжСЙ ЗбЯеСИЗБ at the end of each month.

*************

۩ бЗНЩ КСЯнИ ЗбМгб ЗбВКнЙ  :

Ё What I like/hate about … is that + МгбЙ

The best (worst) thing about … is that + МгбЙ

The problem with … is that + МгбЙ                             ЗбгФЯбЙ Эн....ен Гд..

§ What I like about my school is that I meet my friends every day.

§ What I hate about my work is that my boss is very arrogant. гЫСжС

§ The best thing about my house is that it has a garden.

§ The problem with being a freelance worker is that you don’t always get regular work.

*************

۩ бЗНЩ ЗУКОПЗг Find  Эн ЗбМгб ЗбВКнЙ:

Ё Find it + Adjective + to + inf …

§I find iteasy tostudy biology.

§I find it hard toreach my goals.

 

Ё Find someone/something + V +ing …

§I found the book lying on гхбЮн Ъбн/гжМжПЗ Ъбн the table.

§I foundherstudying in her room.

*************

Ask to + inf. or ask for + n.?

Ё Ask … to + inf.

Ё Ask for + noun

§She asked her boss to give her more money, but he refused.

§She asked for more money, but her boss refused.

*************

۩ КхУКОПг Take off ИгЪЗдн гОКбЭЙ:

Ё take off     КхЬЮбЪ (ЗбШЗЖСЙ)           · The plane is takingoff soon.

Ё take off     нЬОбЪ (гбЗИУе\НРЗЖе...) · It was hot, so I took off my jacket.

Ё take off     нНХб Ъбн ЗМЗТЙ гд ЗбЪгб · I can't take off any time this week.

Ё take off     нКгКЪ ИдМЗН гЭЗМнБ    

· Her sports career took off after she won the competition.

 

۩ бЗНЩ ГнЦЗр ЗУКОПЗг НСжЭ ЗбМС ЗбКЗбнЙ гЪ ЭЪб TAKE  :

§ Take on нхФЫцб/нхжЩцЭ/нКжбн гУЖжбнЙ Ъгб

§ Take to + V. + ING нЪКЗП Ъбн/нхПгд Ъбн

§ Take up нФЫб (гдХИ Гж жЩнЭЙ)/нФЫб жЮК Гж НнТ/нИПГ Эн КЪбг Гж ггЗСУЙ ФнБ

§ Take down нЯКИ / нхУМб

§ Take after нхФИе

 

· Our school tookon 3 new teachers

· Don't takeon more responsibilities than you can handle.

· Ahmed has takenup to getting up at 6 am.

· I’ll try not to take up too much of your time.

· The police took down our addresses and phone numbers.

· The new minister will take up his position in May.

· She takes after her mother

*************

Ё A number of …..+ ЭЪб МгЪ              Ё The number of …+ ЭЪб гЭСП

· A number of children are playing in the street.

· The number of people we need to hire is thirteen.

*************

Ё remind someone to + inf.     нхРшЯцС ФОХ Гд нЭЪб ФнБ        

Ё remind someone of нхРЯцС ИФнБ Гж ФОХ

Ё remind someone that + МгбЙ   

Ё remember нКРЯС

· Please remind me to post this letter.

Your uncle reminds me of an old friend.

· I rang Mona and reminded her that the meeting had been cancelled.

*************

۩ бЗНЩ ЗУКОПЗг GET ИгЪдн become гЪ ИЪЦ ЗбХЭЗК жКФнС Збн ЗбКЫнС Эн ЗбНЗбЙ Зж ЗбгжЮЭ:

Get older	Get angry	Get older нКЮПг Эн ЗбУд
Get hotter	Get better нКНУд	Get worse нУжБ/нХИН ГУжГ
Get tired	Get exhausted нхдеЯ

۩ бЗНЩ ГнЦЗр ЗУКОПЗг GET ИгЪдн receive = нКбЮн/нНХб Ъбн /нУКбг Ў жнУКОПг ГнЦЗр ИгЪдн buy

 

Get regular work нНХб Ъбн Ъгб гдКЩг      get a letter               get 1000 dollars

Get permission нНХб Ъбн ЗРд            get a new TV нФКСн..   get a passport

Words Often Confused:

Ё feel нФЪС\нНУ\нбгУ Ё suffer нЪЗдн

· When she heard the news, she felt so happy.

· She has been sufferingfrom amnesia ЭЮПЗд ЗбРЗЯСЙ for two years.

 

Ё training     ЗбКПСнИ\КЪбг геЗСЗК гЪндЙ дНКЗМеЗ ббЮнЗг ИдФЗШ Зж Ъгб гЪнд      

Ё exercise \КгЗСнд СнЗЦнЙ \ дФЗШ ИПдн ИеПЭ ЗбгНЗЭЩЙЪбн ЗбХНЙ жЗббнЗЮЙ

· New staff receive a week's training in how to use the computers.

· Swimming is my favourite form of exercise.

· You really should take more exercise.

 

Ё available for work МЗеТ ббЪгб               Ё at work ЮЗЖг ИЗбЪгб

· The manager asked him if he was available for work next weekend.

· Where's Peter? –He's at work at the moment.

Ё remind нхЬРЯС               Ё tell нхОИС

· Remind me to buy a newspaper on the way home, or I'll forget.

· Can you tell me the way to the station, please?

*************

Ё contact нКХб ИЬ    = Ё communicate (with) нКжЗХб гЪ    

· I tried to contact him at his office, but he wasn't in.

· We can now communicate with people all over the world.

۩ СЗМЪ ЗУКОПЗгЗК Make/Do  Эн ЗбжНПЙ ЗбГжбн – жУдКдЗжб ЗУКОПЗгЗК Get ИЗбКЭХнб ЭнгЗ ИЪП

*************

۩ бЗНЩ гЗ нбн  :

Ё quality time жЮК Рж ЮнгЙ гОХХ ббГУСЙ (ИЪнПЗ Ъд ЗбЪгб)

Ё a quantity of time ЮПС гд ЗбжЮК

· Parents should spend quality time with their children.

· Parents should spend a quantity of time with their children.

Words and their synonyms:

well-known	гФежС	Famous/renowned
merits	гТЗнЬЬЗ	Advantages/pros
task	гегЙ	mission
awful	ЭЩнЪ/гхСжцЪ	horrible
important	еЬЬЗг	essential
Able to	ЮЬЗПС Ъбн	Capable of
ability	ЮПСЙ	capability
special	ггнТ/ОЗХ	ordinary
optimistic	гКЭЗЖб	hopeful
good for	гЭнП бЬ	Useful for
have	нгбЯ	Possess
Use	нУКОПг	Utilize
destroy	нПгС	Devastate
false	ТЗЖЭ	Fake
true	НЮнЮн	Real
all	Яхб	Entire
strange	ЫСнИ	Bizarre
Assume	нЭКСЦ	presume
For instance	Ъбн УИнб ЗбгЛЗб	For example
On (his/their) own	ИгЭСПе	alone

Words and their antonyms:

well-known	гЪСжЭ\гФежС	unknown	ЫнС гЪСжЭ
regular	гдКЩг	irregular	ЫнС гдКЩг
merits	гТЗнЗ	demerits	ЪнжИ
advantages	гТЗнЗ	disadvantages	ЪнжИ
like	нНИ	dislike	нЯСе
include	нФгб\нхЦгд	exclude	нУКИЪП
able	ЮЗПС	unable	ЫнС ЮЗПС
healthy	ХНн \ Убнг	unhealthy	ЫнС ХНн
positive	ЗнМЗИн	negative	УбИн
optimistic	гКЭЗЖб	pessimistic	гКФЗЖг
good for	гЭнП бЬ	bad for	ЦЗС бЬ
balance	КжЗТд	imbalance	ЪПг КжЗТд
sociable	ЗМКгЗЪн/гНИ ббЗОКбЗШ ИЗбВОСнд	Unsociable	ЫнС ЗМКгЗЪн
right	ХНнН	Wrong	ОШГ
right	нгнд	Left	нУЗС
special	ОЗХ/ггнТ	ordinary	ЪЗПн
hire	нхжЩЭ/нФшЫб	Fire/sack	нЭХб (гд ЗбЪгб)
employment	ЗбЪгб	unemployment	ЗбИШЗбЙ
limited	гНПжП	unlimited	ЫнС гНПжП

Prepositions:

 

forget about	ндУн	go on a plane	нУКЮб ЗбШЗЖСЙ
go to the gym	нРеИ Збн ХЗбЙ ЗбГбЪЗИ	suffer from	нЪЗдн гд
lead to	нДПн Збн	the problem with	ЗбгФЯбЙ Эн
work in an office	нЪгб Эн гЯКИ	have time to yourself	КОХХ жЮК бдЭУЯ
on their own	ИгЭСПег	ask for help/advice	нШбИ гУЗЪПЙ\дХнНЙ
carry work around	нКдЮб ИЗбЪгб гд гЯЗд бВОС	separate…from	нЭХб...Ъд...
focus on	нхСЯТ Ъбн	at all times	Эн Яб ЗбГжЮЗК
balance between…and	нжЗТд Инд...ж...	at work	Эн ЗбЪгб
in their free time	Эн жЮК ЭСЗЪег	get a call from	нКбЮн гЯЗбгЙ гд
available for work	МЗеТ жгКЗН ббЪгб	train for a competition	нКПСИ гд ГМб гУЗИЮЙ
the best way out of	ГЭЦб ШСнЮЙ ббОСжМ гд	help people with their problems	нУЗЪП ЗбдЗУ Эн Нб гФЗЯбег
look after = take care of	нЪКдн ИЬ	on the way home	Эн ЗбШСнЮ ббгдТб
Look after	нЪКдн ИЬЬ	work for yourself	КЪгб Ъгб НС
move away from	ндКЮб ИЪнПЗ Ъд	carry on working for	нУКгС Эн ЗбЪгб бПн
allow someone to	нУгН бФОХ Гд	expect someone to	нКжЮЪ гд ФОХ Гд

 

Irregular Verbs:

 

freeze/froze/frozen	нКМгП	rise/rose/risen	нСКЭЪ
misspell/ misspelt /misspelt misspell/misspelled / misspelled	нОШЖ Эн ЗбеМЗБ	run/ran/run	нМСн
misspend/misspent/misspent	нИПП ЗбжЮК Гж ЗбгЗб	see/saw/seen	нСн
mistake/mistook/ mistaken	нОШЖ	sell/sold/sold	нИнЪ
misunderstand/ misunderstood/ misunderstood	нУнБ Эег	set/set/set	нЪП/ нЦИШ/ КЫСИ (ббФгУ)

Derivatives:

verb	noun	adjective
separate нЭХб	separation  ЗдЭХЗб	separate гдЭХб
stress нхМеП\нСЯТ Ъбн	stress ЗМеЗП \ ЦЫШ	stressful  ЦЗЫШ
organize ндЩг	organization гдЩгЙ	organized гдЩг
balance   нжЗТд	balance КжЗТд	balanced гКжЗТд
suffer   нЪЗдн	suffering гЪЗдЗЙ       sufferer ЗбФОХ ЗбРн нЪЗдн
limit нНП	limit НП	limited гНПжП
lack  ндЮХе	lack дЮХ	lacking нЯжд Ие дЮХ

Collocations and Vocab for Translation, Comprehension & Essay Writing

 

meet the deadline	нбКТг ИЗбгжЪП ЗбдеЗЖн	get regular work	нНХб Ъбн Ъгб гдКЩг
take on projects	нКжбн гУЖжбнЙ гФСжЪЗК	the pros and cons of	гТЗнЗ жЪнжИ...
free time	жЮК ЭСЗЫ	get the balance right	нНЮЮ ЗбКжЗТд ЗбУбнг
a period of time	ЭКСЙ гд ЗбжЮК	a particular amount	гЮПЗС гЪнд
quality time	жЮК н х ЯСУ ббГУСЙ	working hours	УЗЪЗК ЗбЪгб
answer a call	нСП Ъбн гЯЗбгЙ	take breaks	нНХб Ъбн ЭКСЗК СЗНЙ
stressful situations	гжЗЮЭ ЦЗЫШЙ	manage stress	нКЪЗгб гЪ ЗбЦЫжШ
spread awareness	ндФС ЗбжЪн	exert efforts	нИРб ЗбМежП
solve the crisis	нНб ЗбГТгЙ	witness a great shift	нФеП КНжбЗ ЯИнСЗр
foreign investment	ЗбЗУКЛгЗС ЗбГМдИн	forest clearance	ЗТЗбЙ ЗбЫЗИЗК
as much as you can	ИЮПС гЗ КУКШнЪ	hindrance=obstacle = impediment	ЪЗЖЮ \ ЪЮИЙ\ЪСЮбЙ
make money	нЯУИ ГгжЗбЗр	make a timetable	нЮжг ИЪгб МПжб гжЗЪнП
Make a difficult decision	нКОР ЮСЗСЗр ХЪИЗ	The stresses of daily life	ЦЫжШ ЗбНнЗЙ ЗбнжгнЙ
Lay/put stress on	нДЯП Ъбн	Exceed the speed limit	нКМЗжТ НП ЗбУСЪЙ
Social worker	ГОХЗЖн ЗМКгЗЪн	Social problems	гФЗЯб ЗМКгЗЪнЙ
Lack of evidence	дЮХ ЗбГПбЙ	Limit expenses	нхНцП гд ЗбдЭЮЗК
Limit damage	нхНцП гд ЗбГЦСЗС	Development projects	гФСжЪЗК ЗбКдгнЙ
Do a few hours of work	нЪгб бУЗЪЗК ЮбнбЙ

So / such / too / enough

                                                       

۩ КУКОПг SO  ИШСЮ гОКбЭЙ:

1- КГКн ИЪП SO ЗбдКнМЙ жбЗ нгЯд Гд дИПГ ИеЗ ЗбМгбЙ Эн еРе ЗбНЗбЙ:

She studied hard, so she passed the exam.

It was raining, so we stayed at home.

2- КхУКОПг SO бКМдИ КЯСЗС МгбЙ гЪ ГЭЪЗб гЛб think/believe/hope/suppose/guess:

Do you think Nora will pass the exam?

I hopeso.

‘You’re not really going to resign?’

‘No, I don’t supposeso. ’

 

3- КхУКОПг SO THAT ббКЪИнС Ъд ЗбЫСЦ жУдКдЗжб РбЯ ИЗбКЭХнб ЭнгЗ ИЪП:

I took my umbrella with me so that I wouldn't get wet.

I took the fast train, so that I'd get home early.

 

4- ж КхУКОПг SO AS TO ГнЦЗ ббКЪИнС Ъд ЗбЫСЦ ИгЪдн бЯн IN ORDER TO:

I'm taking the small roads so as to avoid the traffic on the motorway.

 

5- КхУКОПг SO ббКЪИнС Ъд ЗбгжЗЭЮЙ Эн НЗбЙ ЗбЕЛИЗК (СЗМЪ ЗУКОПЗг neither/either ббКЪИнС Ъд ЗбгжЗЭЮЙ Эн НЗбЙ ЗбдЭн – ЗбжНПЙ ЗбСЗИЪЙ):

She is very clever at English. – So am I.

They play tennis every Friday. – So do I.

6- бЗНЩ ЗУКОПЗг and so on/and so forth ИгЪдн жеЯРЗ / жгЗ ФЗИе/жебг МСЗ/Збн ВОСе:

Employees were always complaining about their wages, their working conditions, and so on.

 

7- КхУКОПг So-called ИгЪдн гЗ нхУгн – гЗ нхТЪг Где – гЗ нхШбЮ Ъбне:

His so-called friends refused to help him.

They’ve found the flight recorder, the so-called black box.

 

8- КхУКОПг So long ИгЪдн Goodbye гЪ ФОХ КЪСЭе МнПЗр

• " So long, '' he said. "Don't forget to write.''

 

9- КхУКОПг So long as ИгЪдн IF:

He can get high grades so long as he studies hard.

10- КхУКОПг So be it ИгЪдн бнЯд РбЯ – жнЪИС Ъд Где ИЗбСЫг гд ЗЪКСЗЦЯ Ъбн ФнБ ЭЕдЯ гЦШС ббгжЗЭЮЙ:

If you really want to quit your job, so be it.

11- жИХЭЙ ЪЗгЙ КУКОПг So   ИгЪдн VERY жнГКн ИЪПеЗ Adj. OR Adv.

Why are you soangry?

Everything happened soquickly.

 

12- бЗНЩ ГОнСЗр ЗУКОПЗг not so + Adj. + as бИнЗд ЪПг ЗбКУЗжн Эн ЗбХЭЙ:

She is not so tall as her brother.

 

13- бЗНЩ ЗУКОПЗг ХнЫЙ ЗбгЮЗСдЙ гд ЗбХЭЙ ИЪП so much:

 

So much + ХнЫЙ ЗбгЮЗСдЙ гд ЗбХЭЙ

-I work so much more quickly when I can concentrate.

-My brother is so much taller than me.

 

14- нгЯд ЗУКОПЗг so ЮИб often/rarely

She goes to the club so often.

My sister visits us so rarely.

 

                               so + adj./adv. + that + sentence

۩   Эн НЗбЙ жМжП very  КНРЭ:

Ё The shirt was very nice. I couldn't resist нЮЗжг buying it. (so … that)

 · The shirt was so nice that I couldn't resist buying it.

Ё She ran very quickly. She could catch the train.    (so … that)

· She ran so quickly that she could catch the train.

 

۩   ЗРЗ ИПГК ЗбМгбЙ ИЬ So нГКн ИЪПеЗ ХнЫЙ УДЗб:

So + adj.\adv. + ЭЪб гУЗЪП + ЭЗЪб + that…..

Ё He ran so quickly that the others couldn’t catch up with him.

· So quickly did he run that the others couldn’t catch up with him.

Ё The wind was so strong that we couldn’t open the window.

· Sostrongwas the wind that we couldn’t open the window.

 

۩   бЗНЩ ХнЫЙ еРе ЗбМгбЙ:

So + Adj. + a\an + ЗУг гЭСП нхЪП  + that..

۩   жКУКОПг еРе ЗбНЗбЙ ЭЮШ гЪ ЗУг гЭСП нхЪуП:

Exercise on Grammar

Choose the correct answer:

1. The pilots are all on strike, (so that - so – such as – so as to) there are no flights today

2. It was (such – too – enough – so) cold that the water in the lake froze.

3. He was (such a – such – so – enough) good teacher that we all passed the exam.

4. There's (such – too - so – enough) much noise that I can't think!

5. It was (such – such a – so – too) beautiful painting that she decided to hang it in the living room

6. You shouldn't really stop work before six, but you can do (too - so – such – so that) today.

7. It was (such – such a – so – too) useful information that it helped us do our project.

8. There are (so – such – enough – such a) many things to do before we move house!

9. You planned this essay (enough – so – such – too) much more carefully this time. Well done!

10. It was (so – such – too – enough) kind of him to help me that I bought him some flowers to say thank you.

11. I thought this season was (so much – so many – such – enough) better than the last. I watched all the episodes in one weekend!

12. I have never had (so – such a – enough – such) hard-working students before!

13. He paints (so much - so – too – such) well! I am sure he is going to become a famous artist.

14. They both have good jobs, (so – such – too – enough) they have plenty of money.

15. The music is (too – such – enough – so) loud I can't sleep.

16. I never knew you had (such – too - so – enough) many brothers you had to share a bedroom.

17. She has (so few – so much – few enough – such few) friends she rarely gets out of the house.

18. She is (so – so much - such – such a) genius they immediately gave her a position at the university.

19. Frank has never made (so – such a – enough – such) mistakes before.

20. The meal was (so – such – too – enough) good we decided to have dinner at the same restaurant again tonight.

21. He was (enough - so – such – too) weak that he could hardly stand up.

22. It's (enough - so – such – too) a tiny kitchen that I don't have to do much to keep it clean.

23. I'd put on (enough - so – such – too) a lot of weight that I couldn't get into my trousers.

24. He's tall (enough - so – such – too) to change the bulb without getting on a chair.

25. It's (enough - so – such – too) difficult for me to explain.

26. He had changed (enough – so – such – too) much that I scarcely recognized him.

27. Ahmed was (enough – so – such – too) exhausted that he fell asleep at his desk.

28. It was (enough – so – such – too) late to prevent the story from appearing in the national newspapers.

29. The human race has (enough – so – such – too) weapons to annihilate нИнП itself.

30. That cake was (enough – so – such – too) nice that I’ll have another one!

31. They walked (enough – so – such – too) slowly that they missed the train.

32. It was (enough – so – such – too) a useful book that I read it twice.

33. Tarek is (enough – so – such – too) a friendly person that everyone likes him.

34. Hamdi is tall and fast (enough – so – such – too) to be very good at basketball.

35. Hamdi is clever (enough – so – such – too) to answer the difficult questions.

36. The sea is (enough – so – such – too) cold to swim in.

37. The coffee was (enough – so – such – too) hot to drink.

38. I’m (enough – so – such – too) busy to phone my friends.

39. Sometimes I worked (enough – so – such – too) hard that I had to work until late at night.

40. There are times when you can’t work hard (enough – so – such – too) to live comfortably.

41. I worked (enough – so – such – too) long hours that I didn’t have any time to myself.

42. Other freelance workers find doing their accounts is (enough – so – such – too) difficult for them to do on their own.

43. The exercise was (enough – so – such – too) easy that I did it in two minutes.

44. Rami is careful (enough – so – such – too) to make very few mistakes.

45. This soup is (enough – so – such – too) hot to eat.

46. The question is (enough – so – such – too) difficult for the little boy to answer.

47. It’s (enough – so – such – too) an amazing play that you can’t miss it.

48. They are (enough – so – such – too) long questions that we don’t have time to answer them all.

49. The test was (enough – so – such – too) difficult to finish.

50. It was not dark (enough – so – such – too) to see any stars in the sky.

51. The food in that restaurant is (enough – so – such – too) good that we go every week.

52. It was (enough – so – such – too) a long game that we didn’t finish it until ten o’clock!

53. It is (enough – so – such – too) hot outside that we decided to stay home.

54. It is (enough – so – such – too) an interesting book that can't put it down.

55. The sea was warm (enough – so – such – too) for me to enjoy swimming.                

56. The wall was (enough – so – such – too) high to climb over.

57. There were (enough – so – such – too) many people in the room that we couldn't get in.

58. That salad was (enough – so – such – too) nice that I'll ask the restaurant for the recipe

59. It was (enough – so – such – too) a long film that some people fell asleep before the end.

60. The stadium is big (enough – so – such – too) to hold 50,000 spectators

61. That ladder is (enough – so – such – too) long to be put on the back of your car.

62. Today is much (enough – so – such – too) hot to play tennis outside.

63. Elephants are (enough – so – such – too) powerful that they can push over.

64. This is (enough – so – such – too) an old tree that it is amazing it is still alive.

65. Nobody has been to the top of this mountain because it is (enough – so – such – too) dangerous to climb.

66. This book is (enough – so – such – too) famous that nearly everyone has read it.

67. I wanted to buy a new phone but it was (enough – so – such – too) expensive for me to buy.

68. The hat was not big (enough – so – such – too) for me to wear                       

69. The boys ran (enough – so – such – too) slowly to win the race.                     

70. Ola is (enough – so – such – too) intelligent that she passed the exam easily.         

71. Hamdi is (enough – so – such – too) a strong man that he is very good at weight-lifting.                       

72. Hana didn't feel well (enough – so – such – too) to come to school.                         

73. It is sometimes (enough – so – such – too) hot to play games in the park.

74. Once I read a book that was (enough – so – such – too) interesting that I wanted to read it again.

75. I saw a film that was (enough – so – such – too) funny that I couldn't stop laughing.

76. Last week, I read a story that was (enough – so – such – too) difficult to believe.

77. It is never cold (enough – so – such – too) to snow in Egypt.

78. It was (enough – so – such – too) a terrible explosion that hundreds of people died.

79. I haven't got (enough – so – such – too) money to buy that coat.

80. It was (enough – so – such – too) a nice day that we decided to go to the park.

Test 1 on unit 5

A- Vocabulary and Structure

Choose the correct answer:

1- They have agreed to extend the (line – online – offline – deadline) for another 24 hours.

2- (Lack – Lock – Block – Back) of money necessitated нУКбТг a change of plan.

3- There is a (circular – singular – regular – muscular) bus service to the airport.

4- She was offered a job as an (accounts – counting – economics -  amounts) clerk.

5- She earns her living as a (hindrance – maintenance – reliance - freelance) journalist.

6- The United Nations (have - is – are – were) sending a special envoy to the area.

7- The police stopped him for exceeding the speed (limit – level – line – time).

8- We'll have to buy a bigger car. This one is not big (enough – so – such – too) for all of us

9- There are just (enough – so – such – such a) many cars on the roads these days.

10- She felt (enough – so – such – too) upset that she started to cry.

11- It was (enough – so – such – too) a bad film he left before the end.

12- There were (enough – so – such – too) many restaurants they didn't know which one to choose.

13- There aren't (enough – so – such – too) knives and forks for all the guests.

14- The policeman didn't run fast (enough – so – such – too) to catch the thief.

15- She is (enough – so – such – too) a good tennis player that she wins all her matches.

16- Algebra is (enough – so – such – too) complicated for me to understand.

 

B- Reading Comprehension

Read the following passage and answer the questions:

In April 9, 2017, three security officers from the Chicago Department of Aviation forcibly removed David Dao from an overbooked United Airlines flight. Dao, a 69-year-old doctor, was dragged down the plane’s aisle after he refused to give up his seat. In the process, his head hit an armrest and he was knocked unconscious.

The passengers clearly recognized what was occurring: Many took out their phones and filmed the scene and later expressed their outrage loudly on social media. Yet at the time, only one woman said anything, yelling out, “What are you doing?” No one confronted the officers or intervened to prevent what was clearly
inappropriate behavior. At some level, this is hardly surprising. Numerous studies have shown that we are less likely to intervene when other people are present. We assume that others will do something, and we don’t have to. Psychologists call this phenomenon the bystander effect. However, this is not a hard-and-fast rule; sometimes people in groups are able to break out of the bystander role. But who are these people, and what makes them different from the rest of us? Psychologists call those who display moral courage and choose to do something rather than watch in silence moral rebels. These people stand up against the status quo when they feel inaction will compromise their values, even in the face of potentially negative social consequences. The traits that these people have in common range from their individual skill sets to their personalities. Some of them have specialized skills like doctors, nurses, soldiers and firefighters, who feel more responsible to act in certain situations. Other moral rebels have high self-esteem and feel confident about their own judgment and they believe that their actions will make a difference.

(Adapted from: Science for the curious, June, 2020)

Choose the correct answer:

C- Writing

Write an essay of about 180 words about:

 

"Why it is important for people to balance their family and work"

Translation

A) Translate into Arabic:

1-Depression is a common and serious medical condition that negatively affects how people feel and the way they think.

 

2-Some research has shown that exercise can be as effective as medication in treating depression.

B) Translate into English:

Test 2 on unit 5

 

A- Vocabulary and Structure

Choose the correct answer:

1- Without more (training – delaying – exercising - failing) or advanced technical skills, they will lose their jobs.

2- The teacher wants the children to (suffer – feel – have - believe) confident about asking questions.

3- A lot of children (lead – have – suffer – feel) from health problems because of malnutrition.

4- (Exercise – Training – Analyzing – Exposing) will not only lower blood pressure but possibly protect against heart attacks.

5- His medical career has just begun to take (to – on – off – about).

6- He made a few notes to (tell - remind – remember – call) himself of what he wanted to say.

7- Ahmed lost his (absence – acceptance – balance - alliance) and fell to the ground.

8- She finds her new teaching job very (stressful – successful – useful – plentiful). She is often unable to relax.

9- It was (enough – so – such – such a) cold weather that there was ice on our car windscreen.

10- The view from the top was (enough – so – such – too) magnificent СЗЖЪ that we couldn't move.

11- This bag isn't light (enough – so – such – too) for me to carry.

12- My grandfather is (enough – so – such – too) wise that people often ask him for advice.

13- It was (enough – so – such – too) a difficult climb that we stopped to rest several times.

14- The teacher spoke (enough – so – such – too) fast for everyone to understand.

15- I can't do this job. I know my (skills – limits – stresses – accounts).

16- Tamer speaks English (such – enough - so – too) fluently that I thought he was American.

B- Reading Comprehension

Read the following passage and answer the questions:

Research suggests that our level of happiness depends partly on factors we cannot control – our genes and our life circumstances. But our level of happiness is also shaped by the choices we make. If you’ve been chasing wealth, fame, good looks, material things, and power, you may be looking for happiness in all the wrong places. Psychologists suggest that the following habits make people happier.

 

People who form close relationships tend to be happier than those who do not. The number of friends we have is not important. What matters is the quality of our relationships. Relationships that bring happiness usually involve the sharing of feelings, mutual respect, acceptance, trust, fun and empathy.

 

People who make a habit of caring for the wellbeing of others tend to be happier. This might involve volunteering for an organization or reaching out to support friends and family on a regular basis.

 

People who exercise regularly improve both their physical and mental well-being. Some research has shown that exercise can be as effective as medication in treating depression.

 

When we are so interested in an activity we enjoy that we lose track of time, we are in a state of happiness. The activity could be making art, playing piano, or playing a game.

 

People who include spirituality in their