Give your opinion on the topic.

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9. Choose phrases characterizing the functions of the computer:

1. The main characteristics are: __________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Its functions are: ____________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

a) it is resistant to temperature fluctuations;

b) it receives data;

c) it is small in size and weight;

d) it does not require special ventilation;

e) it calculates the optimum conditions;

f) it is reliable and easy to operate;

g) it supplies signals for the control of technological processes.

Give annotation of the text.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Text 6

Manufacturing Safety

Manufacturing safety has several objects. One of them is the prevention of accidents. Specialists in the sphere of Safety Engineering must be trained to help workers in hazardous occupations. They also assist in designing machinery, factories, ships and roads, suggesting alterations and improvements to reduce the possibility of accident.

Engineers try to prevent workers from touching moving parts and from the contact with the damaged wires and other equipment. In present-day organic chemistry new compounds are being synthesized daily. With its plastics, synthetic fibres and other artificial materials organic chemistry help engineers to prevent workers and equipment from being damaged.

In the other spheres of every day’s life safety engineers seek to avoid such hazards as sharp turns and blind intersections that lead to traffic accidents.

Engineers must take into account the labor conditions and the materials which a certain industry works with. Chemical science is successfully solving many complex problems and its rapid development will be raising the living standard of people. In close cooperation with industrial workers our scientists and engineers are developing a lot of new methods of electric and chemical safety. They are to become the basis for the solution of a great number of industrial and scientific problems. They will be reliable helpers of safety engineers and scientists.

Scientists and engineers are figuring out the ways to make the plants and factories work cleaner and dump as less sulfates and chemicals in the atmosphere as possible.

That’s why the other object of manufacturing safety is public awareness of environmental problems. It is confused with environmental programs and environmental science. Every factory and plant must keep to a distinct scientific discipline. Cleanliness, carefulness and watchfulness are the main points which must be observed by every worker.

The stinky problem of pollution has grown. More and more factories, cars and trucks add their bad breath to the air. But the battle against the pollution is also growing. Nowadays many cities have dirty air and safety engineers are looking for ways to make factories and cars run cleaner.

Notes on the Text

manufacturing safety – безопасность производства

prevention of accidents – предотвращение несчастных случаев

safety engineer – инженер по безопасности

hazardous occupations – опасные занятия

alterations and improvements – изменения и улучшения

possibility of accident – возможность несчастного случая

to prevent – предотвратить

synthetic fibres – синтетические волокна

artificial materials – искусственные материалы

labor conditions – условия труда

successfully – успешно

to solve many complex problems – решать много сложных проблем

rapid development – быстрое развитие

the living standard – уровень жизни

in close cooperation – в тесном сотрудничестве

methods of electric and chemical safety – методы электрической и химической безопасности

the basis for the solution – основа для решения

the battle against the pollution – борьба против загрязнения

General understanding:

1. What spheres does Manufacturing safety work in? _________________________

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2. What must safety engineer do? _________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

3. How do engineers help to prevent accidents? ______________________________

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4. What role does the organic chemistry play for the safety? ____________________

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5. Engineers take into account the labor conditions and the materials which a certain industry works with, don’t they? __________________________________________

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6. How does chemistry help in this case? ___________________________________

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7. What do safety engineers do to decrease the pollution? ______________________

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8. Every factory keeps to a distinct scientific discipline, doesn’t it? _______________

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9. What are the main rules of the discipline? ________________________________

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10. Is it possible for the engineer to prevent all the damages by only himself? ______

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Exercises

1. Complete the sentences:

1. Manufacturing safety has______________________________________________

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____________________________________________________________________

2. Specialists in the sphere of Safety Engineering must be______________________

____________________________________________________________________

 

3. Engineers try to prevent_______________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

4. In present-day organic chemistry________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

5. Organic chemistry help engineers to_____________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

6. Engineers must take into account________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

7. Chemical science is successfully solving many complex problems and__________

____________________________________________________________________

8. They are to become the basis for the solution of____________________________

____________________________________________________________________

9. That’s why the other object of manufacturing safety is_______________________

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10. The battle against the pollution is_______________________________________

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2. Match Russian and English equivalents:

Manufacturing, safety, objects, prevention, accident, sphere, hazardous, assist, designing machinery, factories, ships, roads, alterations, improvements, to reduce, the possibility of accident, engineers, to prevent, moving parts, contact, damaged wires, equipment, organic chemistry, compounds, daily, plastics, synthetic fibres, artificial materials, life safety, to avoid, hazards, sharp turns, blind intersections, traffic accidents.

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Дорожное происшествие, производство, объекты, изменения, безопасность, синтетические волокна, пластмассы, органическая химия, дороги, корабли, уменьшать, предотвращение, сфера, опасный, конструирование машинного оборудования, фабрики, усовершенствования, возможность несчастного случая, инженеры, движущиеся детали, контакт, поврежденные провода, оборудование, составляющие, ежедневно, искусственные материалы, безопасность жизни, избегать, опасности, острые повороты, скрытые пересечения.

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1______________________________2______________________________3______________________________4______________________________5______________________________6______________________________7______________________________8______________________________9______________________________10_____________________________11_____________________________12_____________________________13_____________________________14_____________________________15_____________________________16_____________________________17_____________________________18_____________________________19_____________________________20_____________________________21_____________________________22_____________________________23_____________________________24_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________25_____________________________26_____________________________27_____________________________28_____________________________29_____________________________30_____________________________31_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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3. Replace the words and expressions in brackets by their English analogues:

1. (Инженеры) ________must take into account the (условия труда) ___________and the (материалы) _________which a certain (промышленность) _________works with.

2. Chemical science is successfully solving many (сложных проблем) ______________and its (быстрое развитие) ____________will be raising the (уровень жизни) _____________of people.

3. In close (сотрудничестве) ________________with industrial workers our (ученые и инженеры) ____________are developing a lot of (новые методы) ____________of electric and chemical (безопасности) ____________.

4. They are to become the basis for the (решения) ____________of a great number of (промышленных и научных) _____________problems.

5. They will be (надежные помощники) ________of safety engineers and scientists.

6. Scientists and engineers are figuring out the ways to (заставить) _________the plants and factories work (чище) _________and (сбрасывать) __________as less sulfates and (химических веществ) __________in the atmosphere as possible.

4. Translate into English:

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1. Безопасное производство должно быть направлено на предотвращение аварий. ____________________________________________________________________2. В течение последних лет, безопасное производство стало особенностью принятой во всех сферах промышленности.

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3. Создаются методы и процедуры для охраны рабочих мест, связанных с опасными занятиями.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Они также помогают в проектировании оборудования, заводов, дорог, предлагают изменения и улучшения для уменьшения возможности аварии.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. В проектировании оборудования, например, инженерия попыталась покрыть все перемещения частей или воздержать их от случайного контакта с оператором.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. В проектировании дорог безопасные поиски нацелены на избежание такого риска, как опасные повороты и скрытые пересечения, которые ведут к авариям на дорогах.

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5. Try to explain what do the following statements mean:

1. Only together with people machines should work.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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2. Various programmed devices not only make the labor easier but prevent from accidents.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Almost all the machines operators are very qualified safety engineers.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. In order to increase productivity of labor one shouldn’t forget about hazardous environment.

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5. A person must think of his health when choosing a trade or profession.  

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Translate the sentences:

1. Before we began our experimental work the teacher showed each student his working place, explained to us what experiments we had to make and told us to remember and observe the following three rules. _____________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Every vessel which we use for the experiment must be absolutely clean. ________

____________________________________________________________________

3. Otherwise it can affect the reaction and, consequently, the results of the experiment. ____________________________________________________________________

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____________________________________________________________________

4. When the experiment has been completed all the vessels used should be washed clean, dried and put back in their places, so as to leave the working place in proper order ready for the next experiment. _______________________________________

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5. One should be very careful in handling the glass things, in mixing different liquids, and use just the exact amount of the chemical substance or water needed. _________

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6. Special attention should be paid to the flame burning in the proper way. ________

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7. Every precaution should be taken to keep the bottles containing inflammable or explosive substances always well stopped and placed as far as possible from any flame. _______________________________________________________________

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8. While making experiments we are expected to write down everything that we observe during our work. ________________________________________________

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9. We must put down the names, the amounts and weights of the different substances used the rise in the temperature, the boiling and melting points, the specific gravity, the change in color of the liquid, etc. ______________________________________

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7. Fill the gaps with the proper words:

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Manufacturing ____________ has _________ objects. One of them is the___________ of accidents. ___________ in the sphere of _____________ must be trained to help workers in ____________ occupations. They also ___________ in designing ___________, suggesting ____________ and __________ to reduce the __________ of accident. Engineers try to __________ workers from __________ moving parts and from the _________ with the ___________ and other ___________. In present-day __________ new ___________ are being synthesized daily. With its ___________ organic chemistry help ___________ to prevent workers and _________from being damaged.