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PAST SIMPLE

1. Напишіть дані речення в минулому часі.

Example: Ann often visits her neighbours. Yesterday she visited her neighbours.

1. Mary usually does all her cooking herself. Last week she…

2. Every evening Charles reads Carroll’s stories to Kitty. Yesterday evening he …

3. Michael usually wants to know the news. Yesterday morning he …

4. They usually devote much time to music. Last year they …

5. Julia and Helen usually talk until about eleven o’clock. Last night they …

2. Вставте д єслова в Past Simple: teach, get through, go, talk, spend, see.

Example: Two years ago he met someone who offered him a job teaching English to foreign students.

1. Peter Parker … in a secondary school in England.

2. First he … to Africa for two years.

3. After three failures he finally… the driving test.

4. George … much time in Tom’s cabin.

5. They … Elisa with her boy in her arms.

6. Julia …very differently to other people.

3. Поставте дієслово в потрібну форму. (Всі речення в минулому часі)

1. We (not drink) anything because we (not be) thirsty.

2. Alex (not go) to the pictures yesterday because the film (not be) interesting.

3. Bobby (not waste) much time reading detective stories because he (not be) interested in them.

4. We (can) not listen to the tape-recorder because it (to be) broken.

PAST CONTINUOUS

1. Напишіть, що Тед робив в певний час.

Example: 8.45 - 9.15 – did his morning exercises

Ted was doing his morning exercises from 8. 45 till 9.05

9.05 – 9.15 – took a shower                       12.30 – 1.30 – had lunch

9.15 – 9.35 – had breakfast                       2.45 – 3.45 – wrote a letter to his friend

9.35 – 10.35 – played tennis                      4.00 – 6.00 – listened to a tape-recorder

2. Декілька чоловік зупинилися в готелі. Якось ввечері пролунала пожежна тривога. Користуючись словами в дужках, напишіть, що робив кожний в цей час.

Example: Clara / knit / a sock. – Clara was knitting a sock.

1. Ben/have/a meal. 2. Ann/make/some sandwiches. 3. Timothy/play/the guitar. 4. Tom/watch TV. 5. Helen/listen/to the music.

3. Складіть речення, використовуючи дані слова. Поставте дієслова в Past Simple або Past Continuous.

Example: The doorbell (ring) when he (leave) the house. The doorbell rang when he was leaving the house.

1. He (have) an accident because he (drive) too fast.

2. John (ring) me up when I (go) to bed.

3. While the teacher (explain) some grammar rules to the children the bell (ring).

4. Charles (interrupt) Mary when she (talk to her acquaintance).

5. While we (wait) for the plain Bob (buy) some newspapers at a news- stand.

6. Somebody (knock) at the door when Alex (take) a shower.

7. Aggie and Mary (read) a book when Pedro (come into) the room.

8. I (see) some beautiful dresses in the shop window when I (go) to classes yesterday.

9. Charles (walk) home when he (see) Mary.

10. I (come) into the room because the boys (make) a lot of noise.

11. Tom (hurt) his leg while he (play) football.

4. Поставте питання до висловлювань, зроблених студентами.

Example: I phoned Mary last night. (What / do?) What was Mary doing when you phoned her?

1. I noticed those men in the street last night. (Where / stand / when you noticed them?)

2. I heard their voices in the office. (What / they / speak about?)

3. I saw you in the street yesterday. (Where / you /hurry/ when I saw you?)

4. He called you last night. (What /you /speak about?)

5. I didn’t see you yesterday? What/ you /do/ the whole day?

PRESENT PERFECT

1. Прочитайте опис ситуації і напишіть речення, використавши дане дієслово.

Example: Roger is neither hungry nor thirsty. (have dinner) He has had dinner.

1. Margaret is sleeping. (have / a tiring day) She…

2. Tom and Mary are speaking about Oscar Wilde. (read / his book) They…

3. Julia is talking to her friend (just / meet / her at the station) She…

4. Bill and Ann don’t want to go to the pictures. (see / this film)

5. I can’t find my key. (lose it) I …

2. Складіть питання з даних слів.

Example: (you / ever / be / to any foreign country?) - Have you ever been to any foreign country?

1. (you / ever / be / to London?) 2. (you / ever / learn / to drive? 3. (how many times / you / be / to Kyiv?) 4. (you / ever / read / any books by Oscar Wilde?) 5. (you / ever / see / the sea?)

3. Доповніть відповіді на питання, використовуючи слова в дужках.

Example: Is it an interesting book? (read) Yes, it is the most interesting book I have ever read.

1. Is it a laughable film? (see) – Yes, it is the most …

2. Is Mary pretty? (meet) – Yes, she is the prettiest girl …

3. Are these cigarettes bad? (smoke) – Yes, these are the worst cigarettes …

4. Is it a good car? (drive) - Yes, it is the best car …

4. Складіть питання з даних слів.

Example: ( You / see / any of Show’s / plays / recently? )

Have you seen any of Show’s plays recently?

1. he / teach /you / to drive / this year?

2. Ann / play / chess / recently?

3. George / drink / anything / today?

4. your parents / see / any good film / recently?

5. you / meet / any interesting people / in the past few days?

6. he / write / the letter / today?

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

1. Прочитайте ситуації і напишіть речення, використовуючи Present Perfect Continuous.

Example:   He is soaked to the skin because he ( stand ) in the rain for half an hour.

He is soaked to the skin because he has been standing in the rain for half an hour.

1. She is angry with Harold though he (send) her flowers every week for the last month.

2. I can’t get through to him though I (ring him up) since morning.

3. I am cold because I (swim) for an hour.

2. Задайте питання до кожної ситуації.

Example:   He is tired. (he / dig / in the garden?)

Has he been digging in the garden?

1. I am cold. (you / swim)?            2. I have a headache. (you / read / too long)?

3. His face is flushed. (he / hurry / to the station)?

PAST PERFECT

1. Доповніть речення, використовуючи слова в дужках.

Example:   In the morning Jack felt nervous. (fly) He had never flown by plane before.

1. The music was beautiful. She (hear) before.

2. Mary was very much surprised to see a letter from her brother. Mary (receive) before.

3. She took the last place in the competition. She (take) part before.

4. When Ann entered the classroom the lesson was coming to an end. We were surprised. Ann (be late) before.

II. Складіть речення, використовуючи слова в дужках.

Example:   When I came to London, I telephoned to a friend of mine but I could only speak to his wife. (He / already / leave / for his office.)

  He had already left for his office.

1. I wanted to catch up with him but it was too late. (He / disappear /round the corner.)

2. When I rang them up they were at home. (They / already/ return /from the theatre.)

3. I brought him some books to read but had to take them back. (He / already / read them.)

4. I began to look for his address in my notebook but could not find it. (I / not / write it down)

5. They discussed this problem for two hours. (However / they / not /come / to a definite decision.)

III. Поставте дієслова в Past Simple або в Past Perfect.

Example: - Was Mary in the library? - No, she had already left (leave) when I came.

- Was Mary in the library? -Yes, but she left (leave) it very soon.

1. I was surprised when I saw the streets of my childhood. I (not be) in my native town for years. 2. I would like to know why John (be) absent yesterday.  3. I was late. Everybody (have / already / dinner) when I returned. 4. After we had returned home we (have dinner).

 


Vocabulary

1 to accuse of murder – звинуватити у вбивстві

2 barrister - адвокат


3 case – випадок, справа      

4 cell - камера

5 to charge with - звинуватити в

6 confession – признання, зізнання

7 to confess in - зізнатися в

8 to convict for - засудити за

9 crime prevention - попередження злочинності

 

10 detained- затриманий

 

11 to escape from prison - втекти з в'язниці

12 evidence – свідчення, покази

13 eye-witness- очевидець

 

14 fingerprints – відбитки пальців

15 to find guilty - визнати (когось) винним

16 fine - штраф

 

17 to handcuff – одягти наручники

 

18 to investigate - розслідувати

 

19 judge – судити, суддя

20 jury – суд присяжних

 

21 to keep in custody – тримати під вартою

 

22 magistrate court – магістратський суд

 

23 to plead guilty – визнати себе винним

24 to prevent a crime - попередити злочин

25 proof - доказ

 

26 sentence - вирок

27 to sentence to five years - засудити на п'ять років

28  solicitor – соліситор, помічник адвоката

29 to suspect - підозрювати

30 the suspect - підозрюваний

 

31 to take an oath – скласти присягу

32 theft - крадіжка

33 trial – судове засідання

 

34 verdict – вирок

 

35 witnesses - свідок

Law Breakers

Law Breakers

The British Police

In Britain different areas have different police forces. For instance, the Metropolitan police operate in London, but there are different police forces in the counties outside London. The top man in each police force is the Chief Constable. He is appointed by the local Watch Committee. The Watch Committee can dismiss him, too, if the central government agrees. The Chief Constable appoints all the ranks below him in his force.

Things are slightly different in London. The top man is known as the Metropolitan Police Commissioner and his appointment is arranged through the central government. British police are normally not armed. In special cases when their work becomes dangerous, they can be given weapons however.

As is well known, the uniform of the British policeman is blue, with a tall helmet. These days, though, you can see a different uniform in the streets. This is the uniform with the yellow hatband worn by traffic wardens. Their job is simply to control traffic and parking regulations. The most famous name connected with the British police is Scotland Yard. It is the headquarters of the London police force. Besides dealing with local police matters, the London police also help all over England and Wales with different crimes. They do this at the request of the local police.      

Scotland Yard

The task of organising the “New Police” was placed in the hands of Colonel Charles Rowan and Sir Richard Mayne. These two Commissioners occupied a private house at 4, Whitehall Palace, the back of which opened on to the courtyard, which had been the sight of a residence owned by the Kings of Scotland and known as “Scotland Yard”. These headquarters were removed in 1890 to premises on the Victoria Embankment and became known as “New Scotland Yard”; but in 1967, because for the need for a larger and more modern headquarters building, a further removal took place to the present sight at Victoria Street (10 Broadway), which is also known as “New Scotland Yard”.

The force suffered many trials and difficulties in overcoming public hostility and opposition. But, by their devotion to duty and constant readiness to give help and advice coupled with kindliness and good humour, they gained the approval and trust of the public. This achievement has been maintained throughout the history of the Force and today its relationship with the public is based on the foundation of mutual respect and confidence.

Legal profession in England

The court system is dependent upon the legal profession. England is almost unique in having two different kinds of lawyers, with separate jobs in the legal system. The two kinds of lawyers are solicitors and barristers. This division of the legal profession is due mainly to historical causes.

The solicitor is the general practitioner, confined mainly to the office. The solicitor is the legal adviser of the public. Members of the public are able to call at a solicitor's office and seek his advice in a personal interview. The barrister is the specialist adviser much of whose time is taken up with court - room appearance. A barrister can only be consulted indirectly through a solicitor.

There is approximately one solicitor to every 1300 of the population, with considerable regional and local variations. There is a heavy concentration in commercial centers. The ratio for barristers is about one per every 10.000. Taking the legal profession as a whole (38.500), there is one practicing lawyer per 1200 people. This compares with about one lawyer per 600 in the USA. But a lot of work in English solicitors' offices is undertaken by managing clerks, now called “legal executives”, who are a third type of lawyers. (Legal executives now have their own professional and examining body – “the Institute of Legal Executives”).

Sentencing.

The most common sentencesare fines, prison and probation. Probation is used often with more minor offences. A person on probation must report to a local police station at regular intervals, which restricts his or her movement. A sentence of community service means that the convicted person has to spend several hours a week doing useful work in his locality. Children under 10 cannot be charged with a criminal offence. Offenders between 10 and 17 are tried by special juvenile courts. The death penalty technically still exists in Britain for some rare offences, such as treason, but is not longer used. The punishment for murder is life sentence. This can be much less than a lifetime in prison, depending on factors such as good behaviour. The most common punishment for crimes – 80 per cent of the total – is a fine.

PAST SIMPLE

1. Напишіть дані речення в минулому часі.

Example: Ann often visits her neighbours. Yesterday she visited her neighbours.

1. Mary usually does all her cooking herself. Last week she…

2. Every evening Charles reads Carroll’s stories to Kitty. Yesterday evening he …

3. Michael usually wants to know the news. Yesterday morning he …

4. They usually devote much time to music. Last year they …

5. Julia and Helen usually talk until about eleven o’clock. Last night they …

2. Вставте д єслова в Past Simple: teach, get through, go, talk, spend, see.

Example: Two years ago he met someone who offered him a job teaching English to foreign students.

1. Peter Parker … in a secondary school in England.

2. First he … to Africa for two years.

3. After three failures he finally… the driving test.

4. George … much time in Tom’s cabin.

5. They … Elisa with her boy in her arms.

6. Julia …very differently to other people.

3. Поставте дієслово в потрібну форму. (Всі речення в минулому часі)

1. We (not drink) anything because we (not be) thirsty.

2. Alex (not go) to the pictures yesterday because the film (not be) interesting.

3. Bobby (not waste) much time reading detective stories because he (not be) interested in them.

4. We (can) not listen to the tape-recorder because it (to be) broken.

PAST CONTINUOUS

1. Напишіть, що Тед робив в певний час.

Example: 8.45 - 9.15 – did his morning exercises

Ted was doing his morning exercises from 8. 45 till 9.05

9.05 – 9.15 – took a shower                       12.30 – 1.30 – had lunch

9.15 – 9.35 – had breakfast                       2.45 – 3.45 – wrote a letter to his friend

9.35 – 10.35 – played tennis                      4.00 – 6.00 – listened to a tape-recorder

2. Декілька чоловік зупинилися в готелі. Якось ввечері пролунала пожежна тривога. Користуючись словами в дужках, напишіть, що робив кожний в цей час.

Example: Clara / knit / a sock. – Clara was knitting a sock.

1. Ben/have/a meal. 2. Ann/make/some sandwiches. 3. Timothy/play/the guitar. 4. Tom/watch TV. 5. Helen/listen/to the music.

3. Складіть речення, використовуючи дані слова. Поставте дієслова в Past Simple або Past Continuous.

Example: The doorbell (ring) when he (leave) the house. The doorbell rang when he was leaving the house.

1. He (have) an accident because he (drive) too fast.

2. John (ring) me up when I (go) to bed.

3. While the teacher (explain) some grammar rules to the children the bell (ring).

4. Charles (interrupt) Mary when she (talk to her acquaintance).

5. While we (wait) for the plain Bob (buy) some newspapers at a news- stand.

6. Somebody (knock) at the door when Alex (take) a shower.

7. Aggie and Mary (read) a book when Pedro (come into) the room.

8. I (see) some beautiful dresses in the shop window when I (go) to classes yesterday.

9. Charles (walk) home when he (see) Mary.

10. I (come) into the room because the boys (make) a lot of noise.

11. Tom (hurt) his leg while he (play) football.

4. Поставте питання до висловлювань, зроблених студентами.

Example: I phoned Mary last night. (What / do?) What was Mary doing when you phoned her?

1. I noticed those men in the street last night. (Where / stand / when you noticed them?)

2. I heard their voices in the office. (What / they / speak about?)

3. I saw you in the street yesterday. (Where / you /hurry/ when I saw you?)

4. He called you last night. (What /you /speak about?)

5. I didn’t see you yesterday? What/ you /do/ the whole day?

PRESENT PERFECT

1. Прочитайте опис ситуації і напишіть речення, використавши дане дієслово.

Example: Roger is neither hungry nor thirsty. (have dinner) He has had dinner.

1. Margaret is sleeping. (have / a tiring day) She…

2. Tom and Mary are speaking about Oscar Wilde. (read / his book) They…

3. Julia is talking to her friend (just / meet / her at the station) She…

4. Bill and Ann don’t want to go to the pictures. (see / this film)

5. I can’t find my key. (lose it) I …

2. Складіть питання з даних слів.

Example: (you / ever / be / to any foreign country?) - Have you ever been to any foreign country?

1. (you / ever / be / to London?) 2. (you / ever / learn / to drive? 3. (how many times / you / be / to Kyiv?) 4. (you / ever / read / any books by Oscar Wilde?) 5. (you / ever / see / the sea?)

3. Доповніть відповіді на питання, використовуючи слова в дужках.

Example: Is it an interesting book? (read) Yes, it is the most interesting book I have ever read.

1. Is it a laughable film? (see) – Yes, it is the most …

2. Is Mary pretty? (meet) – Yes, she is the prettiest girl …

3. Are these cigarettes bad? (smoke) – Yes, these are the worst cigarettes …

4. Is it a good car? (drive) - Yes, it is the best car …

4. Складіть питання з даних слів.

Example: ( You / see / any of Show’s / plays / recently? )

Have you seen any of Show’s plays recently?

1. he / teach /you / to drive / this year?

2. Ann / play / chess / recently?

3. George / drink / anything / today?

4. your parents / see / any good film / recently?

5. you / meet / any interesting people / in the past few days?

6. he / write / the letter / today?

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

1. Прочитайте ситуації і напишіть речення, використовуючи Present Perfect Continuous.

Example:   He is soaked to the skin because he ( stand ) in the rain for half an hour.

He is soaked to the skin because he has been standing in the rain for half an hour.

1. She is angry with Harold though he (send) her flowers every week for the last month.

2. I can’t get through to him though I (ring him up) since morning.

3. I am cold because I (swim) for an hour.

2. Задайте питання до кожної ситуації.

Example:   He is tired. (he / dig / in the garden?)

Has he been digging in the garden?

1. I am cold. (you / swim)?            2. I have a headache. (you / read / too long)?

3. His face is flushed. (he / hurry / to the station)?

Скажіть, як довго щось відбувається.

Example:   Mary is writing letters. She began writing letters at two o’clock.

She has been writing letters since two o’clock.

1. Andy is working for the same company. He began working for this company six months ago. He … for six months.

2. They are trying to learn French. They began to learn French two years ago. They … for two years.

3. They are sitting in the garden. They began sitting in the garden after lunch. They … since lunch time.

4. Malcolm is slaving at his books. He began slaving at his books in October. He … since October.

4. Складіть запитання, вживаючи how long.

Example:   John is waiting for Mary. How long has he been waiting for her?

1. They are all sitting in the park. How long…? 2. Andy is drinking tea. How long…?

3. It is raining. How long…? 4. Mary is playing tennis. How long…?

5. Запишіть речення, вживаючи Present Perfect Continuous замість Present Continuous, використовуйте слова в дужках.

Example:   I am learning English at present. (since my childhood)

I have been learning English since my childhood.

1. Mr. Thomas is teaching in this school now. (for twenty years)

2. The cat is sleeping before the fire. (since early morning)

3. The soldiers are marching in the yard. (for two hours)

4. I am working on the model engine at present. (for six weeks)

5. We are looking for Richard now. (all the morning)

6. П оставте дієслово, дане в дужках в Present Perfect Continuous.

Example:   I ( wait) for hour and a half for you.

I have been waiting for hour and a half for you. 

1. I …you (do) this translation?

2. I haven’t seen him since last month. What …he (do)?

3. We (gather) apples all the afternoon.

4. The birds (sing) in the woods since early morning.  

5. Mary (stay) with her aunt in London for the last two months.



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