Complete the sentences with the proper names of the Nobel Laureates in Superconductivity.

Complete the sentences with the proper names of the Nobel Laureates in Superconductivity.

 

P.Kapitsa J. Bardeen K.Onnes L. Cooper L.Landau V. Ginzburg J.Schrieffer

 

1 The era of low-temperature physics began in 1908 when the Dutch physicist _____________first liquefied helium which boils at 4.2 K at standard pressure.

2 The BCS theory named after _________ ___________ __________ is the first microscopic theory of superconductivity since the discovery in 1911. They received the Nobel prize in Physics for this theory in 1972.

3 In 1932, the Royal Society Mond Laboratory* was created specially for _________. By 1934 he had developed there “an ingenious device for liquefying helium in large quantities – a pre-requisite for the great progress in low- temperature physics.”

4 In 1950_________and ______ published a phenomenological theory for superconductivity, wherein the order parameter introduced by ________ to describe phase transitions is identified as a scalar wave function. According to this theory the properties of superconductors depend on a dimensionless material constant- now known as ________– ________ constant.

5 You have to be brilliant to win a Nobel Prize in Physics. But imagine how amazingly brilliant you need to be to scoop two of these prizes. That was the achievement of American physicist _________. He won his first prize in 1956 (with Brattan and Shockley) for inventing the transistor.

But he won a second prize almost three decades later, in 1972 (with Cooper and Schrieffer), for developing the best theory we currently have of how superconductors work.

*Royal Society Mond Laboratory – Laboratory for Studying Liquid Hydrogen, Cambridge, England.

Complete the sentences with the correct dates.

2003 1972 1962 1913 1973 1978

1. In … Lev Landau received the Nobel Prize in Physics “for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, specially liquid helium.

2. In … John Bardeen, Leon Cooper and John Shrieffer received the Nobel Prize in Physics “for the jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS theory.

3. In … Heike Kamerling Onnes received the Nobel Prize in Physics “for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures, which led to the production of liquid helium and the discovery of superconductivity.

4. In … Pyotr Kapitsa received one half of the Nobel Prize in Physics “for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low temperature physics, which included the discovery of superfluidity in helium.”

5. In … AlexeiAbrokosov and Vitalij Ginzburg received the Nobel Prize in Physics “for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids.”

6. In … Brian David Josephson received one half of the Nobel Prize in Physics “for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a current through tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson Effects.

 

21 C hoose one scientist you like most and write several sentences about their discoveries and research work. Search the Internet if necessary.

 

22 Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions about Nobel Laureates in Superconductivity.

Student A: Do you remember when Onnes received the Nobel Prize in Physics?

Student B: I suppose it happened in 1913.

Student A; What did he get it for?

Student B: Well, I think for the discovery of superconductivity.

Read the information and prepare to talk about this important discovery. Present your talk to other students in your group. Listeners: make notes of questions to ask them at the end.

 

Useful notes

Yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) – широко применяемый высокотемпературный

сверхпроводник оксид иттрия-бария-меди. Он является первым полученным

сверхпроводником с критической температурой больше 77К (Тк=92К)

moisture - влага

fragile - хрупкий

levitate - парить в воздухе

 

1 What was used as a superconducting sample in the experiment?

2 Why shouldn’t you touch the superconductor with your hands?

3 What was put on top of the superconductor?

4 What was liquid nitrogen used for?

5 What happened with the magnet?

 

Study the table

 

Complete the sentences with the proper names of the Nobel Laureates in Superconductivity.

 

P.Kapitsa J. Bardeen K.Onnes L. Cooper L.Landau V. Ginzburg J.Schrieffer

 

1 The era of low-temperature physics began in 1908 when the Dutch physicist _____________first liquefied helium which boils at 4.2 K at standard pressure.

2 The BCS theory named after _________ ___________ __________ is the first microscopic theory of superconductivity since the discovery in 1911. They received the Nobel prize in Physics for this theory in 1972.

3 In 1932, the Royal Society Mond Laboratory* was created specially for _________. By 1934 he had developed there “an ingenious device for liquefying helium in large quantities – a pre-requisite for the great progress in low- temperature physics.”

4 In 1950_________and ______ published a phenomenological theory for superconductivity, wherein the order parameter introduced by ________ to describe phase transitions is identified as a scalar wave function. According to this theory the properties of superconductors depend on a dimensionless material constant- now known as ________– ________ constant.

5 You have to be brilliant to win a Nobel Prize in Physics. But imagine how amazingly brilliant you need to be to scoop two of these prizes. That was the achievement of American physicist _________. He won his first prize in 1956 (with Brattan and Shockley) for inventing the transistor.

But he won a second prize almost three decades later, in 1972 (with Cooper and Schrieffer), for developing the best theory we currently have of how superconductors work.

*Royal Society Mond Laboratory – Laboratory for Studying Liquid Hydrogen, Cambridge, England.