Written by John Amatt, organizer of Canada’s first successful expedition to the summit of Mt Everest.

Content

 

2. All the people will agree that our world will be

a) more interesting without music;

b) dull without music;

c) dull without cinema.

 

3. Music helps us to remove from

a) tiredness and tension;

b) friends and other people;

c) noise of the city.

 

4. Among contemporary composers we appreciate A. Lloyd Webber and his

a) operas and ballets;

b) musicals and rock operas;

c) symphonies.

 

III. Answer the questions.

 

1. Is it easy for you to speak about music in general?

2. Why do you think music is varied?

3. Can people live without music? What is your opinion?

4. Why do people enjoy music?

5. What music is popular?

6. What music do you enjoy?

7. What composers are you fond of?

8. What are your favourite groups, singers and musicians?

IV. Tell about

 

1. The role of music in our life.

2. Your preferences in music.

Words of Wisdom

Written by John Amatt, organizer of Canada’s first successful expedition to the summit of Mt Everest.

 

Try and fail, but don’t fail to try.

Adventure isn’t hanging on a rope off the side of a mountain.

Adventure is an attitude that we must apply.

Lesson 1.

 

Topic: English as a Means of the World Communication

Active vocabulary

to communicate спілкуватися

urgent нагальний

state language державна мова

to adapt адаптувати

to create створювати

notion поняття

artificial language штучна мова

treasure цінність

mail пошта

to improve one’s knowledge покращити знання

ecumenical вселенський

not less не менше

mankind людство

to spread поширюватися

developed розвинутий

I. Read and translate the following text:

 

Different nationalities have different languages. The total number of languages is more than 2,500. The most wide-spread are English, Chinese, Spanish, French and others. Those languages are living languages. There are also dead languages (Latin, ancient Greek) which are no more means of communication.

With the development of communications the Earth becomes “the global village”. Distances shorten and we are able to communicate with the most distant countries easier than ever. That’s why the problem of common language becomes so urgent. One of the most wide-spread languages now is English. It is spoken all over the world. It is the state language in five countries: Great Britain, Canada, the USA, Australia and New Zealand. English is a very democratic language. It isn’t afraid to adapt new words from other languages and create new ones for new

 

Music in our Life.

 

It’s difficult to speak about music in general, because it will either take a lot of time or just one sentence to explain our attitude. Music is an integral part of our life. We can’t spend a day without music. In the morning we prefer fast rhythmical music, it’s like a cup of coffee or a cool shower that encourages and revives us. We like to listen to music, to dance to music, even to do our homework to music. When we listen to our favourite music we forget about our problems, and the world around us becomes better, and we want to do something good for other people. Music ennobles us, makes us better and happier.

Music is varied because it reflects different human emotions. If we ask several people what kind of music they like, all of them will give different answers. Tastes differ. But the world of music is boundless and everybody can find there something that satisfies his tastes and demands. And all the people will agree that our world will be dull without music. We enjoy music because it influences our mood and imagination, reflects our inner state and character, arouses deep emotions and makes us think. It helps us to remove from tiredness and tension or find new strength, get new energy and optimism.

That’s why we can say that all kinds of music are popular with the public: classical and pop music, folk music and jazz, operas, musicals, orchestral performances, chamber music, rock and roll, heavy metal, rap, rock, hard rock, rave and so on.

Some people say, it is difficult to understand classical music. But we enjoy music of P.I. Chaikovsky, Bach, Mozart. Among contemporary composers we appreciate A. Lloyd Webber and his musicals and rock operas.

Nowadays it’s almost impossible to escape from music, even if we want to. It thunders out of every high-street shop, hisses horribly from other people’s stereos in public transport, and blasts out of open car windows.

 

II. Finish the sentences using given variants:

 

1. Music is

a) complicated art difficult to understand;

b) an integral part of our life;

c) one of the fine arts.

facts of life. Another reason is that the USA and Great Britain are world leaders in computer technologies, business organization and many other important fields. They create new notions and give them English names which are used later by all the world. Rock, jazz, computer, business, surfing – we cannot imagine our language without these words.

You may ask why it is English that became the most wide-spread and not Esperanto or any other artificial language. Language can not be mechanical because it describes life. It’s more like a living being than like a machine. It will always have rules and exceptions which make it beautiful and creative, strict and poetical at the same time. Each language keeps like a treasure all the history, art and culture of the nation that created it. That’s why people will never agree to use artificial language, it does not matter how convenient it could be.

The rise of English is a remarkable success story. When Julius Caesar landed in Britain nearly two thousand years ago, English did not exist. Today English is used by at least 750 million people, and barely half of those speak it as a mother tongue.

Some estimates have put that figure closer to one billion. Whatever the total, English at the end of the 20^th century is more widely spoken and written, than any other language has ever been. It has become the language of the planet, the first truly global language.

The statistics of English are astonishing.

Three quarters of the world’s mail, and its telexes and cables, are in English. So are more than half of the world’s technical and scientific periodicals: it is the language of technology from Silicon Valley to Shanghai. English is the medium for 80 percent of the information stored in the world’s computers. Nearly half of all business deals in Europe are conducted in English. It is the language of sports and glamour: the official language of the Olympics and the Miss Universe Competition. English is the official voice of the air and the sea, and of Christianity: it is the ecumenical language of the World Council of Churches. Four of the largest broadcasting companies in the world (CBS, NBS, ABC, BBC) transmit in English to audiences that regularly exceed one hundred million.

New ideas in science, technology and medicine changes so quickly that it is impossible to translate everything into different languages. So most things are published in English, and if you want to keep up with the latest ideas in any subject you need English. More and more people also need English for studying at universities and colleges. Our country needs good specialists in many spheres of economy. Ukraine has relations with many countries. And if you want to

 

days her descendants are no longer directly involved. However, the spirit of Marie continues to live on, not least in the form of the last figure she made of herself eight years before her death. Her grandsons decided to move the exhibition to its present site in 1884. Over the years there have been several disasters which the exhibition has managed to survive.

Since then Madame Tussaud’s has continued to develop its attractions. In 1958, the London Planetarium was built on the old cinema cite. Today the most recently developed attractions are the “Spirit of London” time travel ride, spanning the history of Britain’s capital city from Elizabethan times to the present day.

 

Lesson 37.

Topic: Cultural Programme.

Active Vocabulary.

Attitude відношення

integral part невід’ємна частина

varied різноманітний

to reflect відображати

boundless безмежний

to satisfy задовольняти

to influence впливати

to arouse викликати

to remove позбавитися

musical мюзикл

to appeal подобатися

to appreciate високо цінувати

to escape уникнути, врятуватися від

to thunder гриміти

to hiss шипіти

to blast вириватися

Lesson 2.

Topic: Going Via the Customs.

I. Learn the following words and word-combinations.

Custom-house, customs митниця

customs declaration митна декларація

customs duty мито, збір

customs examination митний контроль

duty free без сплати мита

passport control паспортний контроль

visa віза

customs officer митник

citizenship громадянство

EEC-European Economic Community Європейське Економічне Співтовариство

Purpose of visit мета візиту

to pay duty for extra сплачувати мито за понад норму

jazz. Because of his genius he became one of the architects of American art. Swing, rock’n’roll of Elvis Presley who changed the face of American popular culture and country western music have similar histories. Metallica are famous for their stage shows.

The world of American film is far-reaching topic. There are many studios throughout the country. Of course, Hollywood comes first to mind. American films grow in popularity throughout the world. Generation have grown up watching American films / and viewing America through them/, for better or for worse.Television has only increased its popularity. American films stretch from Gone with the Wind to Star Wars. Movies which treated alcoholism, divorce poverty and immigration have all received awards and have done well at the box office.

Lesson 36.

 

Topic: Cultural Programme.

I) Read and translate the following text:

Going Through the Customs.

Nowadays travelling abroad is very popular. Some people prefer to travel by plane, especially businessmen, because it is the fastest means of transportation. Those who are not short of time usually travel by train or by ship. It takes more time but gives the opportunity to see the country you travel through, its picturesque landscapes and nature.

While travelling abroad you have to go through customs, sometimes several times.

The moment you cross the border your luggage is taken to the customs-house. As a rule the customs officer checks your passport and visa if it is required. When coming to some countries you may need a health certificate of

1. Sly is the nickname of Marlon Brando.

2. Silvestre Stallone is one of the most popular Italian actors.

3. Sly had been a “problem” baby in his childhood.

4. In real life Sly is like Rambo.

5. Sly is a clever man with a nice sense of humor.

6. Stallone got an “Oscar” for his last roles.

Task II: Answer the following questions:

1) Who is Sly?

2) What is his profession?

3) Is it his name or nickname?

4) Where does he live?

5) What do you know about him?

 

Sly

Now he is intelligent with a nice sense of humor. He says he is not like Rambo or Rocky in life.

Silvestre Stallone’s nickname is Sly. He was born in 1946, on July 6. his father was a barber in New York. His mother is American, but her roots go to France and to Odessa. Sly says he is 100% American.

When he was a small boy he was weak and ill. At 13 he weighted only 45 kg. till 10 his left side was paralyzed. When Silvestre was 16, his parents divorced. After school Sly was not taken to Vietnam. Then he began training. For 9 years after school Sly had been cleaning cages in the zoo, working in restaurants, playing cards.

In 1977, Silvestre himself became a scriptwriter and made his first film “Rocky”. He earned 25,000 dollars. In “Rocky – III” he got 500,000 dollars for each sentence. He became one of the most expensive actors in Hollywood earning 20-25 million dollars for one film. In 1983, he played the role of Rambo.

His hobby is painting and collecting pictures.

For some years he had been awarded the anti-Oscar award “Golden Strawberry” for his poor roles.

Lesson 35.

 

Topic: Cultural Programme.

I. Read and translate the following texts:

Cinema

 

The first film show took place in Paris in Capuchin Boulevard, on December 8, 1896. So, cinema is more than one hundred years old already.

The first one hundred spectators came to a little hall “cinematograph”, to watch a film about a train, coming to the railway station. Seeing that train on the screen, the people rose and ran away.

That first film was made by brothers Lumier. They are considered to be the “fathers” – founders of the new kind of art. Cinema nowadays is used to invest, spend and gain money.

According to the statistics the most expensive films during the last 100 years are:

“The Titanic”, 1998, it cost 200 million dollars.

“Water World”, 1995 with Kevin Costner, it cost 175 million dollars.

“The Fifth Element”, it cost 90 million dollars.

“Men in Black”, it cost 80 million dollars.

The cheapest film was the Australian film “Lost Illusions” (1927), which cost 300 dollars.

The most expensive properties were in the film “Golden Finger” (1964), it was the car which was sold for 275,000 dollars after 22 years.

The most expensive actress was Demy Moor. She gained 12,5 million dollars for the film “Striptease”. Jodi Foster was the second to earn 12 million dollars for the film.

One of the biggest fees was gained by Jack Nicholson (50 million dollars) for the role of Joker in “Batman”.

Marlon Brando was present in the film for 20 minutes, he was being shot for 12 days and earned 3,5 million dollars.

The greatest failure was the film “Heaven Gate” (1980), which cost 57 million dollars, but brought back only 1,5 million dollars.

 

 

- Так. Відкрийте, будь-ласка, більшу валізу.

- Одну хвилинку. (Дістає ключ та відкриває валізу.)

- Все в порядку. Можете закрити валізу. Бажаю гарно провести час в нашій країні.

 

VI. Work as an interpreter:

Passport control officer: Your passport, please.

H: Ось, будь-ласка.

P.c.o.: How long are you going to stay in this country?

H: Півтора місяці.

P.c.o.: Where are you going to stay?

H: В Лондоні та Единбурзі.

P.c.o.: Fill in this form, please.

C.O.: Is this your luggage?

H: Так, ці дві коричневі валізи.

C.O.: Have you got anything to declare?

H: Думаю, у мене немає нічого, що обкладається митом.

C.O.: Will you please open that suitcase?

H: Одну хвилинку. (Дістає ключ та відкриває валізу.)

C.O. (examines the contents): Everything’s OK. Have a pleasant stay in this country.

H: Дякую.

 

 

Lesson 3.

Topic: Travelling.

I. Supplementary word list and word combinations on the topic “Travelling.”

 

train station, railway station, railroad station вокзал (залізничний)

a railway ticket, railroad ticket залізничний квиток

one-way ticket, single ticket квиток в один кінець

return ticket зворотній квиток

round trip ticket квиток туди й назад

reduced fare ticket пільговий квиток

first class ticket квиток у першому класі

to buy tickets in advance купувати квитки заздалегідь

fare плата за проїзд

carriage, car вагон

smoking car вагон для курців

car for non-smokers вагон для некурящих

sleeping car спальний вагон

restaurant car вагон-ресторан

train times розклад руху потягів

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World is a listing of notable objects built between about 3000 BC and 476 AD. The practice of listing the seven wonders probably began in ancient Greece. The ancient Romans also listed memorable things that travellers should see. Many such lists were made, and they included many different objects. But all the lists of ancient wonders included only objects made by human beings and considered notable because of their great size or some other unusual quality. This article discusses the seven most commonly listed wonders of the ancient world.

The pyramids of Egypt at Giza, built as tombs for Egyptian kings, are the oldest and best reserved of all the ancient wonders. Three famous pyramids were built about 2600 to 2500 BC.

The largest pyramid, called the Great Pyramid, stands about 450 feet (137 meters) high. Its base occupies about 13 acres (5 hectares). The Greeks and Romans marvelled at the size of the pyramids. They were unaware of the religious importance of the pyramids as tombs, and considered the pyramids to be foolish extravagances of the Egyptian kings.

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were probably built by King Nebuchadnezzar II for one of his wives. Nebuchadnezzar ruled Babylon from 605 to 562 BC. Babylon was located near modern Baghdad in Iraq. Scientists have been unable to identify positively the remains of the gardens. Our information about the gardens comes from an account by Berrosus, a Babylonian priest of the 200’s BC. Berrosus described gardens that were laid out on a brick terrace about 400 feet (120 meters) square and 75 feet (23 meters) above the ground. In order to irrigate the flowers and trees in the gardens, slaves worked in shifts turning screws to lift water from the Euphrates River.

The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, built about 550 BC, was one of the largest and most complicated temples built in ancient times. It stood in the Greek city of Ephesus, on the west coast of what is now Turkey. The temple was entirely marble, except for its tile-covered wooden roof. It was dedicated to the Greek goddess Artemis and was designed by the architect Chersiphron and his son, Metagenes. Its foundation measured 377 by 180 feet (115 by 55 meters). It had 106 columns, about 40 feet (12 meters) high, in a double row around the cellar (inner space). Wealthy King Croesus of Lydia donated some of the columns.

The temple burned down in 356 BC, and another one like it was built on the same foundation. Goths burned down the second temple in 262 AD. Only the

ticket office білетна каса

compartment купе

to change trains робити пересадку

to catch the train встигнути на потяг

to miss the train спізнитися на потяг

train schedule розклад руху потягів

porter, red cap (Am) носій

fast train швидкий потяг

passenger train пасажирський потяг

long distance train потяг дальнього руху

local train приміський потяг

through train потяг прямого сполучення

a left-luggage office камера схову

Lost and Found бюро знахідок

II. Read and translate the text:

Travelling.

Modern life is impossible without travelling. True, we often get tired of the same surroundings and daily routine. Hence, some relaxation is essential to restore our mental and physical resources. That is why the best place of relaxation is the one where you have never been before. And it is by means of travelling that you get to that place.

Everyone understands traveling in his own way. Some people consider trips to new towns and countries offered by different tourist firms to be the best way to travel. These package tours are for the laziest. The others prefer walking tours and tourism. There is nothing more beautiful for them than walking in some pinewood, or rowing down the river in a boat, or even riding a bicycle and enjoying the landscape. There are also people who are fond of mountain climbing. And the view, which opens from it, is just magnificent.

Millions of people all over the world travel to see other countries and continents, modern cities and the ruins of ancient towns, they travel to enjoy picturesque places, or just for a change of scene. It is always interesting to discover new things, different ways of life, to meet different people, to try different food.

 

5. Now there are 273 London underground stations with the lines covering 404 km.

6. Sometimes Londoners nickname the London Underground “the subway”.

7. There are 19 underground lines in London.

 

Lesson 34.

 

Topic: Cultural Programme.

I) Read and translate the following text:

Lesson 4.

The Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A) has the largest collection of decorative art. The English costumes dating from the 16^th century are displayed here. The oldest is a boy’s shirt from the 1540’s. There are also outstanding landscapes of John Constable and English and Continental sculpture. There is a special collection of tiny miniature portraits.

The National History Museum has 5 departments covering botany, entomology, mineralogy, paleontology and zoology. The central hall houses an exhibition of dinosaurs. On the first floor is the Mammal Gallery, where many rare species may be seen. Also here is the Mineral Gallery. The second floor contains a gallery on British natural history.

The Science Museum is most loved by children and their fathers. They may press, turn, rotate, light up and make noise here. One can see the Apollo 10 capsule and other wonders of technology. In the Children’s Gallery there is a real submarine periscope. The Wellcome Museum, part of the Science museums, is about history of medicine.

The Museum of London has many displays. They tell the story of London from prehistory onwards. These include reconstructions of Roman life, Viking’s weapons, and a scene with sound effects depicting the Fire of London, and the Lord Mayor’s coach. The London Wall Walk is a two-mile route laid out along the remains of the Roman City Walls. It starts at the Museum of London, and ends at the Tower of London. London Wall EC 2. Tube: Barbican. Open Tues.-Sat 10am-6pm. Closed Mon., Jan 1^st Dec 25^th,26^th.

The Geological Museum has some special exhibitions to see. There is a working model of a volcanic island. A special earthquake floor which shakes makes you feel like to be in an earthquake. There are many minerals laid out for you to touch. There are over 3000 diamonds and rubies on show.

The London Transport Museum, in Covent Garden, has displays on the history of transport in London. It has lots of restored trams, buses and Underground trains which you can board. The first London bus started running in 1829, between Paddington and the City. In the late 19^th century trams pulled by horses became popular. In the early 1900’s the first motorised busses, London double-deckers, were introduced. London taxicabs came from “cabriolets” (a goat’s leap). They are traditionally black.

The National Maritime Museum in Greenwich shows British sailing history. There is a gallery devoted to Britain’s greatest Admiral and national hero, Lord Nelson (1758-1805). He saved Britain from Napoleonic invasion and was shot at his greatest victory, Trafalgar, by French sniper.

Topic: Travelling.

Active Vocabulary

to be ahead of time достроково, раніше

suit-case (невелика) валіза

room місце

waiting-room зала очікування

brief-case р у чна валіза

Dialogue 1

At the Station

 

A: Oh, there you are. You have come early; it’s only a quarter to eight.

B: Well, I prefer to be ahead of time rather than behind. Have you packed?

A: No, not yet. I have still a few things to pack but there’s no more room in the suit-case.

B: Well, put them into your brief-case then. In the meantime I’ll go and call a taxi.

A: Right! And where’s your suit-case?

B: I’ve sent it to the station. My brother is taking care of it.

A: Where shall we meet him?

B: In the waiting room. Well, I’m off for the taxi. I hope you’ll be ready by the time I get back. (Some time passed.) Well, the taxi is by the door.

A: Here we are. Here, driver, you may keep the change. What are we going to do now?

B: We’ll have to engage a porter. Porter, are you engaged?

Porter: No, sir. I’ll take your luggage to the train. What train?

B: The 9:00 to N. I’ll go and get the tickets now. Well, Ann, we meet in the waiting-room.

A: Yes, but do be quick – our time is short, you know.

B: No need to worry. Now where’s the booking office, I wonder? Oh, there it is. What’s the fare from L. to N.?

Clerk: … dollars, please.

B: Two tickets to N., please.

Clerk: Here you are.

-- American journalist Edward Egglestone said “the press organizes gossips”. What do you think about it?

 

 

Lesson 33.

 

Topic: Cultural Programme.

I. Read and translate the following text:

Art Galleries and Museums

London’s public art galleries include the National gallery, the National portrait Gallery, the Tate Gallery and the Wallace Collection. Art exhibits are held at the Royal academy of Arts and at the Hayward Gallery.

The National Gallery houses one of the finest collections of masterpieces in the world. In 1824 the government bought the collection of pictures accumulated by John J. Angerstein. The specially built gallery in Trafalgar Square was opened in 1838. It was visited by newly crowned Queen Victoria. The main collection of more than 2,000 pictures is arranged chronologically in 4 wings. Sainsbury Wing (1260-1510), West Wing (1510-1600), North Wing (1600-1700), and East Wing (1700-1920).

The National Portrait Gallery includes pictures of historical personalities, sculpture, miniatures, engravings and photographs. It was established in 1856 with the aim of illustrating British history. The Gallery does not display portraits of living persons, apart from members of the royal family. The portraits are accompanied by items in their historical context.

The Tate Gallery houses the national collection of British works of the 16-20^th cc. Sir Henry Tate, the sugar magnate, offered to finance the building of a new gallery. He donated his own collection of 64 paintings. There is a collection of kinetic and optical art.

The British Museum is one of the most famous museums in the world. It was founded in 1753 by an Act of Parliament. It houses a collection of ancient civilizations and 15-million-volume national library. In 1973 the library became part the newly formed British Library. There are many giant statues in the Museum. The Museum is famous for Egyptian mummies of kings and queens. In Room 25 there is the Rosetta Stone, which was the key to understanding Egyptian picture writing, hieroglyphs.

Dialogue 2

 

Passenger: I want a ticket to London, please. Which train must I take?

Booking-clerk: If I were you, I would take the 8.35 train.

P.: Do I have to change anywhere?

B.: No, no change, it’s a through train.

P.: Thank you. A ticket to London, please.

B.: Single or return?

P.: Return, please, first class.

B.: Here you are.

P.: Thank you. What time did you say the train goes?

B.: 8.35. You’ll have to hurry if you want to register your luggage.

P.: Thanks (He hurries away).

 

II. Topical vocabulary

to take (make) a trip (journey, tour) – поїхати у подорож;

to travel on foot – подорожувати пішки;

to travel abroad – подорожувати за кордоном;

to travel on business – подорожувати у справах;

to travel for pleasure – подорожувати заради відпочинку;

to go via Kyiv – проїжджати Київ;

to leave Kyiv for London – від’їжджати із Києва до Лондона;

to break one’s journey – перервати подорож;

to engage the porter – найняти носія;

to see smb off – проводжати когось;

to take smb to the station – відвезти на станцію;

to say ‘good bye’ – попрощатись;

to feel homesick – сумувати за домівкою.

 

American Press.

 

There is no real national press in the USA as there are more than 85 newspapers published in 34 languages. There exist two main groups of newspapers: qualities and populars. Only 2 or 3 newspapers with the largest circulation tell their readers about some rumours or crimes. Quality newspapers contain only reliable serious information. They may also publish cartoons. “The Wall Street Journal”, “the New York Daily News”, “the USA Today”, “The New York Times” have the largest circulation among the daily newspapers. The main function of press in America is to give objective information. The materials should be given in full volume and newspapers should give floor to all possible facts and opinions. There is also no secret information for the press. The information is usually taken from the News Agencies. The largest and most famous of them are: Associated Press (AP) and United Press International (UPI). There also exist about 122 domestic and foreign news bureaus in the USA. There are over 4000 monthly and 1300 weekly magazines in the USA. Among them are: “National Geographic”, “Reader’s Digest”, “Cosmopolitan”, “Time”, “Vogue” and others.

 

Sentences for discussion:

 

-- Governments should control the press to avoid publishing offensive information.

-- The media should respect famous people’s privacy. Do you agree with it?

-- Readers have the right to know everything about famous people. Celebrities shouldn’t complain when paparazzi follow them.

 

- with a dog - out of curiosity

- with grandparents - to see the beauty of the world

 

When they travel they like to Because traveling is ---- go shopping - exciting

- meet new people -useful

- make new friends -fascinating

- go sightseeing -enjoyable

-learn about traditions of other countries - good for health

 

Lesson 5.

 

Topic: Travelling.

 

Active Vocabulary

Quay набережна, причал

to moor швартуватися

gangway трап

deck палуба

forward носова частина судна

aft кормова частина судна

amidship середина судна

harbour порт, гавань

to be sea-sick страждати від морської хвороби

I. Read and translate the following text.

A Sea Voyage

 

If you are on holiday and spend it by a sea, it is a pleasure for you to go on a voyage. All you have to do is to book the tickets in advance. Of course, you want a separate cabin for your family, and you ask for a first class cabin with the berths to be reserved for your family. On the day of your departure all your family comes to the quay because the ship you want to take is moored there. The passengers go up the gangway onto the deck; they try to find their cabins. Some cabins are aft, some are forward or amidships. After finding your cabin you are happy to settle down in it. But if you want to breath the sea air and look at the busy traffic of the harbour, you may come out on deck. Soon the steamer leaves the port and goes out towards the open sea. It sails at a high speed, and if the sea is rough, the ship pitches and rolls. There is one thing you have got to bear in mind when you are on board the ship. Some people can not stand traveling by sea because they get sea-sick. And if you have no problems with your health, you will enjoy traveling. You feel the

- unemployed people; - holiday-makers.

- middle class people;

I believe… would read the information about…

… people would read…

The British Press.

 

In Britain there are currently 13 national daily papers, 10 Sunday papers, 60 regional evening papers and 10 regional morning papers. There are also 100 of weekly local papers.

British national newspapers can be classified in several different ways: by taste, that is saying which are the so-called ‘popular’ papers, and which are so-called ‘quality’ ones; or by political opinions, that is saying which ones are left-wing, which are right-wing and which are Liberal or independent or middle-of-the-road; or by format, that is, saying whether or not they are ‘tabloids’ (short and fat).

The term “quality press” is used to describe papers which were mainly founded before 1896 or which follow the tradition of the journals of the 18^th-19^th centuries. They contain political, industrial and cultural news and devote pages to financial matters and international news.

“Quality” papers appeal to the more serious reader, who wants to read about politics and foreign affairs. These papers, such as The Daily Telegraph, The Times, and The Guardian are bigger in size, with long articles and a wider coverage of events. They have different pages for home news, foreign affairs, feature articles, fashion, business and so on.

The popular papers are smaller in size with lots of pictures, big headlines and short articles. They are easy to read and often contain little real information, sometimes they give more space to opinions than to news.

Generally speaking the tabloids are the most popular papers; they contain more pictures including half-naked women and cuddly (симпатичні) animals and the stories are shorter, less serious and more sensational. They usually have “human interest” stories, stories about ordinary people and events, which are included because they are amusing or odd.

A rough guide to Britain’s national newspapers could be as follows:

 

 

deck of your steamer under your feet; you see the waves rising and falling; you feel fresh sea water drops flying and splashing in your face; you hear sea gulls crying out their song of joy and freedom. Thus, if you are a romantic soul by nature you are sure to like it.

II. Agree or disagree. Give reasons for your answer.

1.The idea of cycling holidays comes only to young people. Older people are not enthusiastic.

2.Travelling to another country is a very pleasant thing even if you do not know the language of this country.

3.You always discover something new when you are travelling.

4.People travel to enjoy the beauty of nature and to see places of cultural and historic interest.

 

III) Speaking.

 

- sensations and scandals;

- advertisements for things on sale;

- advertisements for jobs;

- what’s on at the theatre;

- international news;

- articles about business and finance;

- sport events.

b) Using the information from a) say, what sections are interesting for different persons. Use the scheme.

- educated people; - businessmen;

- children and teens; - politicians;

- housewives; - sport fans;

· Travelling … is quick and comfortable.

· Travelling … you are sure to get pleasure and to enjoy comfort.

· Travelling … you can stop when and where you want and watch beautiful scenes.

· Travelling … is very tiring.

· Travelling … is cheap. It’s not at all expensive. All you need is to book a ticket and to get on the right train.

· Travelling … you can enjoy fresh sea air and admire the beauty of nature.

· Travelling … is fascinating. But it’s not pleasant if the weather is bad or you fly above the clouds.

· Travelling … is not at all troublesome. You’re sure to have a good time. And to enjoy safety. But it’s not pleasant if you ride on a bumpy road.

· Travelling … is good for health and cheap. All you need is a rucksack. But it’s not pleasant if you got lost.

· Travelling … is fantastic. But it’s hateful if you’re sea-sick.

· Travelling … is not at all dangerous. You’re sure to take pleasure and to enjoy safety. But it’s not pleasant if your companion is a bore.

 

 

V. Complete the dialogue with the correct tense forms of the English verb.

 

Ann: Do you like traveling?

Bill: Yes, I (like)____travelling very much. It (be) _____ my hobby. I always (take) ____my camera with me and (take) _____ pictures of everything that (interest) ____ me: the ruins of ancient buildings, the sights of cities, views of mountains, lakes, valleys, waterfalls and even animals and birds.

Ann: What countries (visit) ____ you?

Bill: Well, I (be) ____ to Italy, Greece, Russia and India. Some day I (go) ____ to the United States. My cousin (live) ____ there. She (invite) ____ me several times already. When I (have) ____ enough money, I (go) ____to the States.

Ann: I (be) ____ never to any of these countries. When (be) ____ you in Italy?

Bill: Two years ago.

Ann: Did you go there alone?

Topic: Mass Media.

I) Warming-up questions:

1. Is the press an important source of information?
2. Do people read nowadays as much as they used to?
3. Can you imagine our present-day life without the press?
4. Do people read newspapers to obtain news or to be entertained?
5. Do people often buy newspapers and magazines?
6. Do you like to read “quality” papers?
7. What national papers do you have in your country?
8. What is another word for the “popular” papers?

 

I) Read and translate the following texts:

Lesson 6.

 

Topic: Travelling.

Topical words:

Airport аеропорт

flying weather льотна погода

non-stop flight безпосадочний політ

to cancel the flight відмінити рейс

to announce the flight оголосити рейс

to take off злітати

to land приземлятися

When is the next flight to…? Коли наступний рейс до...?

At what time should I check in? Коли буде реєстрація?

An hour before take off. За годину до відльоту.

Dialogue 1

A: I want to go to Kharkiv as quickly as possible. What would you suggest as the quickest means?

listening to automobile radios. They also spend leisure hours hearing their favorite programs on radio.

 

II) Answer the following questions:

1) What are you favourite newspapers, magazines, radio and TV programmes?

2) What do the newspapers inform the readers of?

3) Do you like to read magazines?

4) What newspapers and magazines inform the readers of the life of youth?

5) Do you read any scientific journals?

6) What radio programmes do you prefer to listen to?

7) Do you watch TV every day?

8) Do you like to see TV News Programmes?

9) What other telecasts do you like watching?

10) What TV programmes are the most popular with the young people in our country?

11) What is your favourite TV programme?

12) How often does this programme come out?

13) What is this programme devoted to?

14) Who is your favourite author, analyst, presenter (ведучий)?

 

II. A perfect TV presenter

1. to have a creative mind—мати творчий розум.

2. to be a good-looking and photogenic—мати приємну та фотогенічну зовнішність.

3. to be a diligent and skilled specialist—бути старанним та умілим спеціалістом.

4. to be a bright personality—бути яскравою особистістю.

5. to be able to communicate with different people—вміти спілкуватися з різними людьми.

6. to be confident of success—бути впевненим в успіху.

7. This job involves meeting many people. Ця робота вимагає зустрічі з багатьма людьми.

 

 

Lesson 32.

B: The plane, of course; it’s only two flying hours to Kharkiv from here. Without any intermediate landings, non-stop service.

A: Is it flying weather today?

B: It is flying weather, certainly. There is no mist, no storm, nothing to prevent any flights.

A: I wonder what is the fare?

B: The price of a ticket is the same as in a second-class carriage. But think how quicker you will reach your destination.

A: That’s quite true. But I’m rather afraid to be air-sick.

B: No need to worry at all. With these modern planes on the line, you’re sure to get along very fine.

A: Well, then I think I’ll book my ticket and go there by plane.

B: And perfectly right you are in deciding so. I wish you good luck.

A: When does the plane take off?

B: Precisely at midnight.

A: Is it far to the airport?

B: Rather. It’s out of town.

A: How shall we get there?

B: There is bus service from the centre of the city to the airport but we can take a taxi if you wish.

A: We haven’t much luggage and so we can go by bus.

B: How many passengers does the plane accommodate?

A: There are forty-two seats in the plane.

B: And the crew? Is it large?

A: I don’t know exactly. But there is a pilot, a navigator, a radio operator and stewardess.

Dialogue 2.

 

- Please, three tickets to Edinburgh.

- One way, sir?

- Two one-way and one return.

- Here you are, sir.

Dialogue 3.

* * *

dramas, comedies, soap operas, sporting events, cartoons, quizzes, variety shows, and motion pictures.

Commercial TV stations broadcast mostly entertainment programs because they must attract larger number of viewers in order to sell advertising time at high prices. Advertising is an important part of commercial TV. Advertisement appears between and during most programs.

Public television focuses mainly on education and culture. There are programs on wide range of subjects—from physics and literature to cooking and yoga. Public TV also broadcasts plays, ballets, symphonies, as well as programs about art and history. Public TV attracts less viewers than commercial TV.

Newspaper is a publication devoted chiefly to presenting and commenting on the news. Newspapers can be daily and weekly, they print world, national and local news. Newspapers provide an excellent means of keeping well informed on current events, they also play a vital role in shaping public opinion.

Newspapers have certain advantages over the other major news, media-television, radio, and newsmagazines. For example, newspapers can cover more news – and in much greater detail – that can television and radio newscasts. Newsmagazines focus on chief national and international news.

Magazine is a collection of articles or stories – or both – published at regular intervals. Magazines can be weekly or quarterly. Most magazines usually contain a lot of illustrations.

Magazines provide a wide variety of information, opinion, and entertainment. For example, they may cover current events and fashions, discuss foreign affairs, or describe how to repair appliances or prepare food. Subjects addressed in magazines include business, culture, hobbies, medicine, religion, science, and sports. Some magazines seek simply to entertain their readers with fiction, poetry, photography, cartoons, or articles about television shows or motion-picture stars.

So the functions of newspapers and magazines are: to keep us well-informed, to enrich our outlook, to reflect our life, to entertain us.

Radio is one of the most important means of communication. It enables people to send words, music, codes, and other signals to any part of the world. People also use radio to communicate far in to space.

The most widespread and familiar use of radio is broadcasting. Radio broadcasts feature music, news, discussions, descriptions of sports events, and advertising. People wake up to clock radios and ride to their jobs

Can I book a ticket to London here?

- Yes, you can, madam. Which flight?

- I think eight two one will do, it’s a through plane, isn’t it?

- Yes, but it’s all booked up. I can offer you only flight eighty two with a stop-over in Paris.

 

I) a) You need to travel from Kyiv to Donetsk by train, where you have an important business appointment. What questions will you ask at the Inquiry Office?

You: (Запитайте коли відправляється наступний поїзд до Донецька)

Clerk: At 8.40 p.m., sir.

You: (Запитайте чи є в ньому спальні вагони)

Clerk: Yes, the train has sleeping accommodation.

You: (Скажіть, що Ви бажаєте квиток на нижню полицю)

Clerk: I can give you a lower berth in the first-class compartment.

You: (Запитайте, коли він прибуває до Донецька)

Clerk: It’s due to arrive in Donetsk at 9.30 a.m.

You: (Скажіть, що Ви сподіваєтесь на його вчасне прибуття)

Clerk: Yes, sir, it’s usually runs in time.

You: (Запитайте, з якої платформи він відправляється)

Clerk: Platform 2.

You: (Подякуйте за інформацію).

b) Complete the dialogue. Try to reproduce it

You: …….

Clerk: At 8.40.

You: …….

Clerk: Yes, the train has the dining car.

You: …….

Clerk: I can give you first class non-smoking compartment.

You: …….

Clerk: It is due to arrive in Glasgow at 6.30 a.m.

You: …….

Clerk: Yes, sir, it usually runs in time.

You: …….

Clerk: Platform 5.

a live telecast прямий ефір

a quiz вікторина

a cartoon мультфільм

fashion мода

presenter ведучий

a steady stream of постійний потік….

variety show естрадне шоу

simulated імітований, модельований

celebrity знаменита, відома людина

tabloid бульварна газета

gossip світська хроніка

profit прибуток

luxury розкіш

II. Read and translate the following text:

Communication

Communication is the sharing of information. People communicate mainly by speaking and writing.

Most of our daily communications is personal communication, a sharing of information with one person or perhaps a few people. We also receive much information through mass communication.

Mass media are one of the most characteristic features of modern civilization. People are united into one global community with the help of mass media. People can learn about what is happening in the world very fast using mass media. The mass media include newspapers, magazines, radio and television.

Television, also called TV, is one of our most important means of communication. It brings moving pictures and sounds from around of the world into millions of homes. So one can see events in faraway places just sitting in his or her chair. Through television, viewers can see and learn about people, places and things in distant countries.

In addition to all these things, television brings its viewers a steady stream of programs that are designed to entertain. In fact, TV provides many more entertaining programs that any other kind. The programs include

II) a) Complete the following sentences:

1. When we came to the railway station we saw … 2. If you didn’t book your ticket beforehand you will have to … 3. If you want to buy a ticket for your journey you must … 4. If you have a lot of luggage and prefer to travel light you can … 5. If you don’t like queuing up at the booking-office you can … 6. They didn’t want to miss the train that’s why … 7. The train was ready to leave that’s why … 8. The train starts in 20 minutes so if you are hungry you can …

b) Translate the following sentences using your active vocabulary:

 

1. Скільки залізничних вокзалів є в Києві? 2. Місцеві потяги підходять до платформи кожні 20 хвилин. 3. Якщо ви не замовили білет завчасно, ви зможете купити його в білетній касі на вокзалі. 4. Білетні каси знаходяться праворуч від зали очікування. 5. Газети та журнали можна купити в кіоску в залі очікування. 6. Носії везуть багаж до багажного вагону. 7. Потяг №27 іде без зупинок, а потяг №8 зупиняється на багатьох зупинках. 8. Швидкі потяги зупиняються тільки на великих станціях. 9. В місцевих потягах немає вагона-ресторана. 10. В потягах далекого слідування завжди є багажний вагон, вагон-ресторан та спальні вагони. 11. Вона не здала речі в камеру схову, бо не хотіла стояти в черзі. 12. Ті, хто люблять подорожувати без нічого, здають речі в багаж. 13. Дайте мені, будь-ласка, квиток до Львова. 14. До Дніпропетровська немає прямого потяга, вам доведеться робити пересадку в Києві. 15. Я раджу вам купити квиток в обидва кінці. Влітку важко взяти квитки, і вам доведеться стояти в черзі. 16. Потяг з Києва має прибути о 12 годині до п’ятої платформи.

 

c) Open the brackets using the verb in the required tense:

 

1. When we came to the station the train already (to leave) an we (to have to wait) for the next train for an hour and a half. 2. Hello, Peter. I (to be) happy to meet you. I (not to see) you since 2002. I must say that you (to change) greatly. 3. I’m glad that it (to be) a through train and we (not to have

So science makes people’s life faster, more enjoyable, variable, but at the same time it creates problems between humanity and nature. Technological innovations improve people’s life but also have negative effects. There are many great problems caused by rapid scientific progress. One of them is invention of terrible weapons of mass-destruction. Modern nuclear weapons are able to destroy our planet. So every war does incredible harm to our natural environment and destroys animals and their natural habitat. Factories, power stations and plants pollute air and water. And accidental destruction of nuclear power station leads to a natural disaster. Chernobyl catastrophe is a terrible example. Nowadays world suffers from deforestation, destruction of ozone layer, acid rains caused by the development of science. This all leads to dehumanization and taking people away from their natural environment. So the major aim of science is to protect people and nature where they live from harmful effect of industrial progress, to prevent the natural catastrophe before it is too late.

 

Lesson 31

 

Topic: Mass Media.

Active Vocabulary

Mass media ЗМІ

a magazine журнал

a newspaper газета

to entertain розважати

to share information обмінюватися інформацією

to shape public opinion формувати громадську думку

a point of view точка зору

local affairs місцеві новини

home events події в країні

foreign events події за кордоном

current news поточні новини

to telecast транслювати по телебаченню

to broadcast транслювати по радіо

to change). 4. My friend said that he (to make) a journey to the Crimea two years before. 5. I’m afraid I (not to be able) to collect the tickets tomorrow. 6. He wondered when train 15 (to be due) to Lviv. 7. I (to come) to the station at 5 o’clock yesterday. My friend (to wait) for me there as he (to come) earlier than I. We (to collect) his luggage at the left-luggage office and (to go) to the platform. 8. I (to ask) the porter to see to my luggage. My train (to arrive) already. We (to find) my carriage, I (to show) my ticket to the attendant and (to get in). There (to be) a few passengers in my compartment. They (to put) their suit-cases on the luggage-racks and (to take) their seats.

 

Lesson 7.

 

Topic: Getting About Town.

Topical Words:

To get about town пересуватися містом

to go by tube/subway їхати на метро

to go on foot йти пішки

to change a bus пересідати на інший автобус

to cross the street переходити через вулицю

traffic lights світлофор

rush hours години пік

to take the bus сісти на автобус

pavement тротуар

pedestrians пішоходи

to pay fare платити за проїзд

TV-set, cars, pens, paper, books, and even forget that they all are available owing to science. Science give people an opportunity to communicate with each other on the telephone, through the Internet, get current news from all over the world from TV, radio, newspapers, move all over the world using all means of transport, store information in computers. Scientific progress made it possible to cure dangerous illnesses and probably humanity will get rid of incurable diseases and eliminate congenital diseases through genetic engineering. No one can imagine his life without an electric bulb. Scientists discovered electricity, nuclear energy – great source of power; and lots of theoretical ideas were brought to life by science. Modern technologies and inventions of science are used constantly all over the world and every year science develops and breeds new inventions.

Throughout the 19^th century Britain, France and Germany were the leading sources of new ideas in science. These ideas included: Dalton’s atomic theory; Darwin’s theory of the biological evolution; Marie and Pierre Curie’s studies of radioactivity; Joule’s theory of the conservation of energy; Roentgen’s discovery of x-rays and many others.

The major scientific invention which influenced humanity greatly in the 20^th century is a computer. Nowadays computers are used in all aspects of basic research, experimentation, data gathering, testing, and analysis. But beyond the laboratories, spacecrafts, aircrafts computers are used in hospitals, factories, farms, libraries, schools and homes. Computers are used to aid in medical diagnosis, record keeping, designing, manufacture, making of new products. Computer-controlled robots are performing more and more production functions, computers are used in distributio